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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and photosynthesis, respiration and calcification of common reef-building coral in the Northern Red Sea (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Krueger, Thomas; Horwitz, Noa; Bodin, Julia; Giovani, Maria-Evangelia; Escrig, Stéphane; Meibom, Anders; Fine, Maoz (2017): Common reef-building coral in the Northern Red Sea resistant to elevated temperature and acidification. Royal Society Open Science, 4(5), 170038, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170038
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: Coral reefs are currently experiencing substantial ecological impoverishment as a result of anthropogenic stressors, and the majority of reefs are facing immediate risk. Increasing ocean surface temperatures induce frequent coral mass bleaching events-the breakdown of the nutritional photo-symbiosis with intracellular algae (genus: Symbiodinium). Here, we report that Stylophora pistillata from a highly diverse reef in the Gulf of Aqaba showed no signs of bleaching despite spending 1.5 months at 1-2°C above their long-term summer maximum (amounting to 11 degree heating weeks) and a seawater pH of 7.8. Instead, their symbiotic dinoflagellates exhibited improved photochemistry, higher pigmentation and a doubling in net oxygen production, leading to a 51% increase in primary productivity. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging revealed subtle cellular-level shifts in carbon and nitrogen metabolism under elevated temperatures, but overall host and symbiont biomass proxies were not significantly affected. Now living well below their thermal threshold in the Gulf of Aqaba, these corals have been evolutionarily selected for heat tolerance during their migration through the warm Southern Red Sea after the last ice age. This may allow them to withstand future warming for a longer period of time, provided that successful environmental conservation measures are enacted across national boundaries in the region.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbohydrates; Carbohydrates, per cell; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Catalase activity, unit per protein mass; Chlorophyll a per cell; Chlorophyll c2/chlorophyll a ratio; Chlorophyll c2 per cell; Chlorophyll total, areal concentration; Chlorophyll total, per cell; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross photosynthesis/respiration ratio; Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen; Growth/Morphology; Initial slope of rapid light curve; Laboratory experiment; Light saturation point; Maximal electron transport rate, relative; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II; Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen; Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen, per chlorophyll a; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Protein per cell; Protein per surface area; Red Sea; Registration number of species; Replicate; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Single species; Species; Stylophora pistillata; Superoxide dismutase activity, unit per protein mass; Surface area; Symbiont cell density; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1800 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Central role of detachment faults in accretion of slow-spreading oceanic lithosphere (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Macmillan Publishers, 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Macmillan Publishers for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 455 (2008): 790-794, doi:10.1038/nature07333.
    Description: The formation of oceanic detachment faults is well established from inactive, corrugated fault planes exposed on seafloor formed along ridges spreading at less than 80 km/My1-4. These faults can accommodate extension for up to 1-3 Myrs5, and are associated with one of two contrasting modes of accretion operating along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The first is symmetrical accretion, dominated by magmatic processes with subsidiary high-angle faulting and formation of abyssal hills on both flanks. The second is asymmetrical accretion involving an active detachment fault6 along one ridge flank. An examination of ~2500 km of the MAR between 12.5 and 35°N reveals asymmetrical accretion along almost half of the ridge. Hydrothermal activity identified to date in the study region is closely associated with asymmetrical accretion, which also exhibits high-levels of near continuous hydroacoustically and teleseismically recorded seismicity. Enhanced seismicity is probably generated along detachment faults accommodating a sizeable proportion of the total plate separation. In contrast, symmetrical segments have lower levels of seismicity, which concentrates primarily at their ends. Basalts erupted along asymmetrical segments have compositions that are consistent with crystallization at higher pressures than basalts from symmetrical segments, and with lower extents of partial melting of the mantle. Both seismic and geochemical evidence indicate that the axial lithosphere is thicker and colder at asymmetrical sections of the ridge, either because associated hydrothermal circulation efficiently penetrates to greater depths, or because the rising mantle is cooler. We suggest that much of the variability in seafloor morphology, seismicity and basalt chemistry found along slow-spreading ridges can be thus attributed to the frequent involvement of detachments in oceanic lithospheric accretion.
    Description: Supported by CNRS (JE), NSF (DKS, HS, JC, CL and SE), WHOI (JE, DKS, HS and JC), Harvard University (JE, CL and SE), Univ. of Leeds (JC), and MIT (JE).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Innovative TEM-coupled approaches to study foraminiferal cells (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Micropaleontology 138 (2018): 90-104, doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2017.10.002.
    Description: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation has revealed much about the basic cell biology of foraminifera. Yet, there remains much we do not know about foraminiferal cytology and physiology, especially for smaller benthic foraminifera, which inhabit a wide range of habitats. Recently, some TEM-coupled approaches have been developed to study correlative foraminiferal ecology and physiology in detail: Fluorescently Labeled Embedded Core (FLEC)-TEM for observing foraminiferal life-position together with their cytoplasmic ultrastructure, micro-X-ray computed tomography (CT)-TEM for observing and reconstructing foraminiferal cytoplasm in three dimensions (3D), and TEM-Nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) for mapping of elemental and isotopic compositions at sub-micrometer resolutions with known ultrastructure. In this contribution, we review and illustrate these recent advances of TEM-coupled methods.
    Description: This work was financially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (Scientific Research (C) grant number 17K05697 to HN) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 200021_149333). JMB’s contributions were funded by US NSF grants OCE-0551001 and OCE-1634469, the WHOI Robert W. Morse Chair for Excellence in Oceanography, and The Investment in Science Fund at WHOI. The micro-X-ray CT imaging was performed under the cooperative research program of Center for Advanced Marine Core Research (CMCR), Kochi University (accept No. 17A021).
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; NanoSIMS ; Micro-X-ray CT ; Correlative microscopy ; Isotope mapping ; Microhabitat
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Heterotrophy in the earliest gut: a single-cell view of heterotrophic carbon and nitrogen assimilation in sponge-microbe symbioses (2020)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Sponges are the oldest known extant animal-microbe symbiosis. These ubiquitous benthic animals play an important role in marine ecosystems in the cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the largest source of organic matter on Earth. The conventional view on DOM cycling through microbial processing has been challenged by the interaction between this efficient filter-feeding host and its diverse and abundant microbiome. Here we quantify, for the first time, the role of host cells and microbial symbionts in sponge heterotrophy. We combined stable isotope probing and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry to compare the processing of different sources of DOM (glucose, amino acids, algal-produced) and particulate organic matter (POM) by a high-microbial abundance (HMA) and low-microbial abundance (LMA) sponge with single-cell resolution. Contrary to common notion, we found that both microbial symbionts and host choanocyte (i.e. filter) cells and were active in DOM uptake. Although all DOM sources were assimilated by both sponges, higher microbial biomass in the HMA sponge corresponded to an increased capacity to process a greater variety of dissolved compounds. Nevertheless, in situ feeding data demonstrated that DOM was the primary carbon source for both the LMA and HMA sponge, accounting for ~90% of their heterotrophic diets. Microbes accounted for the majority (65–87%) of DOM assimilated by the HMA sponge (and ~60% of its total heterotrophic diet) but 〈5% in the LMA sponge. We propose that the evolutionary success of sponges is due to their different strategies to exploit the vast reservoir of DOM in the ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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