Note: Intro -- Preface -- Why This Book? -- Content -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 History of the Geological Research in Egypt -- Abstract -- 1.1 Stages Before the Geological Survey and Stages After -- 1.1.1 Hume's Book -- 1.1.2 Said's '62 & -- '90 Books -- 1.2 History of Geological Mapping in Egypt -- 1.2.1 Introduction -- 1.2.2 First Episode of Mapping -- 1.2.3 Second Episode of Mapping -- 1.2.4 Third Episode of Mapping -- 1.3 Geological Remote Sensing Publications in Egypt: Some Statistics on Satellite Sensors and Techniques -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2 A Review on Geological Remote Sensing Publications in Egypt (from 1998 till 2017): Statistical Approach -- 1.3.2.1 Publications on Utilization of Remote Sensing Techniques for Geological Mapping -- 1.3.2.2 Publications on Utilization of Remote Sensing Techniques for Mineral Exploration -- 1.3.2.3 Remote Sensing Techniques -- 1.3.3 Concluding Remarks -- 1.4 Monitoring Spatiotemporal Variabilities in Egypt's Groundwater Resources Using GRACE Data -- 1.4.1 Introduction -- 1.4.2 Data and Methods -- 1.4.3 Results and Discussion -- 1.4.4 Summary and Conclusions -- 1.5 Geochronological Measurements -- 1.6 Airborne Geophysical Mapping -- 1.6.1 Period from 1962-1978 -- 1.6.2 Period from 1980-1984 -- References -- 2 Precambrian Basement Complex of Egypt -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nature and Evolution of the Basement Crust -- 2.3 Review of the Egyptian Basement Classifications -- 2.3.1 Classification of Hume (1934) -- 2.3.2 Classification of Schürmann (1953, 1966) -- 2.3.3 Classification of El Ramly and Akaad (1960) -- 2.3.4 Classification of El Shazly (1964) -- 2.3.5 Classification of Akaad and Noweir (1969, 1980) -- 2.3.6 El Ramly's (1972) Classification -- 2.3.7 The Classification of Ries et al. (1983) -- 2.3.8 Classification of Bentor (1985). , 2.3.9 The Classification of El Gaby et al. (1988, 1990) -- 2.3.10 The Classification of Ragab and El Alfy (1996) -- 2.4 The Precambrian Basement Succession -- 2.4.1 Metacratonic Gniesses of Uweinat-Kamil Inlier -- 2.4.1.1 Geologic and Geochronologic Overview -- 2.4.1.2 Gabal Uweinat Massif -- 2.4.1.3 Gabal Kamil Massif -- 2.4.2 Infrastructural Gneissic Complexes -- 2.4.2.1 Characteristics and Distribution -- 2.4.2.2 Age and Tectonic Evolution -- 2.4.2.3 Hafafit, Meatiq and Feiran-Solaf Metamorphic Complexes -- 2.4.3 Ophiolite Sequences -- 2.4.3.1 Historic Perspective -- 2.4.3.2 Spatial Distribution -- 2.4.3.3 Ophiolite Components -- 2.4.3.4 Age and Tectonic Setting -- 2.4.3.5 CED Ophiolites -- 2.4.3.6 SED Ophiolites -- 2.4.4 Arc Metavolcanics -- 2.4.4.1 Overview -- 2.4.4.2 Metavolcanics of the SED -- 2.4.4.3 Metavolcanics of the CED -- 2.4.4.4 Metavolcanics of Sinai -- 2.4.5 Metasediments -- 2.4.5.1 Metasediments of the Eastern Desert -- Atud Diamictite -- Banded Iron Formation -- 2.4.5.2 Metasediments of the Sinai -- 2.4.6 Alaskan-Type Mafic-Ultramafic Complexes -- 2.4.7 Metagabbro-Diorite Complex -- 2.4.8 Egyptian Granitoids -- 2.4.8.1 Overview -- 2.4.8.2 Island Arc Older Granites -- 2.4.8.3 Postcollisional Younger Granites -- 2.4.9 Dokhan Volcanics -- 2.4.10 Hammamat Group -- 2.4.11 Post Hammamat Felsites -- 2.4.12 Postcollisional Layered and Gabbro Intrusions -- 2.4.12.1 Layered Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions -- 2.4.12.2 Younger Gabbro Intrusions -- 2.4.13 Katherina A-Type Volcanics -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Structural and Tectonic Framework of Neoproterozoic Basement of Egypt: From Gneiss Domes to Transpression Belts -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Egyptian Precambrian Basement in the Context of NE African Geology -- 3.2.1 The East African Orogen (EAO) -- 3.2.2 The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). , 3.2.2.1 Egyptian Eastern Desert Terrane, The North, Central and South Eastern Deserts, and The Southern Sinai -- 3.3 Earliest Neoproterozoic Deformation Events -- 3.3.1 Feiran-Solaf Metamorphic Complex -- 3.3.2 Sa'al-Zaghra Metamorphic Complex -- 3.4 Arc Accretion Stage -- 3.4.1 Arc-Arc Sutures: Timing and Kinematics of the Arc Collisions -- 3.4.2 Tectonic Environment of the Ophiolitic Material -- 3.4.3 Mechanisms of Emplacement of the Ophiolitic Mélange -- 3.4.4 Calc-Alkaline 'Subduction'-Related ('Older') Granitoids of the Arc and Arc-Collision Stage -- 3.4.4.1 Arc Plutons -- 3.4.4.2 Syn-Collision Plutons -- 3.4.4.3 Late- to Post-Collision Plutons -- 3.4.5 Further Models for the Arc-Collision Stage of the ANS -- 3.4.5.1 Models Preferring Additional Suture Zones Within the CED -- 3.4.5.2 Two-Tier Models of Infrastructure-Suprastructure (Westward Obduction) -- 3.4.5.3 Two-Tier Model (Thin-Skin Thrusting) -- 3.4.5.4 Two-Tier Model-Partitioned Strain in Strike-Slip Corridor -- 3.5 Orogenic Extension Stage -- 3.5.1 Early Recognition and Interpretation of Extensional Tectonism in the NED -- 3.5.2 Tectonic Extension in the Areas South of the NED -- 3.5.2.1 Central Eastern Desert -- 3.5.2.2 South Eastern Desert -- 3.5.3 Geological Features that Have Been Attributed to the Tectonic Extension Stage -- 3.5.3.1 Dyke Swarms -- 3.5.3.2 Dokhan Volcanics -- 3.5.3.3 Hammamat Molasse Basins -- 3.5.3.4 A-Type Granites -- 3.5.3.5 Regional Low-Angle Normal Shear Zones and Metamorphic Core Complexes -- 3.5.4 Proposed Mechanisms of the sim600 Ma Extension Tectonic Event -- 3.5.4.1 Continental Rifting -- 3.5.4.2 Extensional Collapse -- 3.5.4.3 Tectonic Escape and Rigid Indenters -- 3.5.4.4 Thermal/Gravity Assisted Rise of Gneiss Domes -- 3.6 Post-extensional Compressional Deformation Events. , 3.6.1 E-W to NE-SW Trending Folds and Thrusts (Post-Hammamat NW-SE Compression Event) -- 3.6.2 NW-SE Trending Folds and Thrusts (NE-SW Compression Event) -- 3.6.3 NW-SE Sinistral Najd Faulting and E-W Transpression -- 3.6.4 N-S Shortening Zones -- 3.7 Commentary on Major Points Covered in This Chapter -- References -- 4 Crustal Evolution of the Egyptian Precambrian Rocks -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sinai -- 4.3 Eastern Desert -- 4.3.1 The North Eastern Desert -- 4.3.2 The Central Eastern Desert -- 4.3.3 The South Eastern Desert -- 4.4 Aswan and the Southwestern Desert -- 4.5 Buried Crust of the Western Desert -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Suture(s) and Major Shear Zones in the Neoproterozoic Basement of Egypt -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Arc-Arc Sutures -- 5.2.1 Allaqi-Heiani Suture -- 5.2.2 South Hafafit Suture (?) -- 5.3 Shear Zones in the Egyptian Nubian Shield -- 5.3.1 Syn-accretion Shear Zones -- 5.3.2 Post-accretion Shear Zones -- 5.3.2.1 Najd-Related NW-Trending Shear Zones -- Kharit-Hodein Shear Zone -- Nugrus Shear Zone -- Atalla Shear Zones -- 5.3.2.2 ENE- (to E-) Trending Shear Zones -- Idfu-Mersa Alam Shear Zone -- Mubarak-Barramiya Shear Belt -- Abu Dabbab Seismotectonic Zone -- 5.3.3 Shear Zone-Related Gneiss Domes -- 5.4 Shear Zone-Related Mineralizations -- 5.5 Discussion -- References -- 6 The Metamorphism and Deformation of the Basement Complex in Egypt -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Precambrian Basement Rocks of Egypt -- 6.2.1 Tier 1 and Tier 2 Crustal Levels -- 6.2.2 Opposing Interpretations of Tier 1 and Tier 2 -- 6.2.3 The ANS and the Mozambique Belt -- 6.3 Gneissic Complexes of the Eastern and Western Deserts and Sinai -- 6.3.1 Gabal Meatiq Complex -- 6.3.2 Gabal El-Sibai Complex -- 6.3.3 El-Shalul Complex -- 6.3.4 Wadi Um Had Complex -- 6.3.5 Ras Barud Complex. , 6.3.6 Migif-Hafafit Complex -- 6.3.7 Wadi El-Hudi Complex -- 6.3.8 Wadi Haimur-Abu Swayel Complex -- 6.3.9 Wadi Beitan Complex -- 6.3.10 Wadi Kharit and Wadi Khuda Complexes -- 6.3.11 Western Desert Complexes -- 6.3.12 Gneisses Belts in Southern Sinai -- 6.3.12.1 Wadi Feiran-Solaf Complex -- 6.3.12.2 Wadi Sa'al-Zaghara Complex -- 6.3.12.3 Taba-Elat Complex -- 6.3.12.4 Wadi Kid Complex -- 6.4 The Question of Pre-Pan-African Crustal Beneath the Eastern Desert and Sinai -- 6.4.1 Radiometric Dating (Rb-Sr, U-Pb, Pb-Pb, Sm-Nd) -- 6.4.2 Pb Isotope Studies -- 6.4.3 Initial Sr Isotope Ratios -- 6.4.4 Initial εNd Values and Nd τDM Model Ages -- 6.4.5 Tectonic Significance of the "Gneissic Complexes" -- 6.5 Ophiolite Sequences and Ophiolitic Melange -- 6.5.1 Complete Ophiolite Sequences in the EED -- 6.5.1.1 Gabal El Rubshi -- 6.5.1.2 Qift-Quseir Road -- 6.5.1.3 Wadi Ghadir -- 6.5.1.4 Gabal Gerf -- 6.5.1.5 Sol Hamed -- 6.5.2 Serpentinites, Ophiolitic Mélange and Talc-Carbonate Rocks -- 6.5.2.1 Serpentinites -- 6.5.2.2 Ophiolitic Mélange -- 6.5.2.3 Talc-Carbonate Deposits -- 6.6 Metasediments -- 6.6.1 Mature Quartzites and Metacarbonates -- 6.6.2 Immature Metagreywackes and Metamudstones -- 6.6.3 Banded Iron Formations -- 6.7 Metavolcanics and Metapyroclastics -- 6.7.1 Older Metavolcanics -- 6.7.2 Younger Metavolcanics -- 6.8 Metamorphosed Plutonic Association -- 6.8.1 Metagabbro-Diorite Complex -- 6.8.2 Older or Synkinematic Granitoids -- 6.8.2.1 'Shaitian' Granites -- 6.8.2.2 Hafafit Tonalites -- 6.8.2.3 El-Sibai El Shush Tonalite -- 6.8.2.4 Abu Ziran Tonalite -- 6.9 Shear Zones -- 6.9.1 Nugrus Shear Zone -- 6.9.2 Sha'it Shear Zone -- 6.9.3 Eastern Desert Shear Zone -- 6.10 Hammamat Sequences -- 6.10.1 Features of the Hammamat Basins -- 6.10.2 Metamorphic Aspects of the Hammamat Basins -- 6.10.2.1 Contact Metamorphism Due to Younger Granite Intrusions. , 6.10.2.2 Dynamic Metamorphism Associated with the EDSZ.