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  • 1
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    Abrupt Climate Transition from Snowball to Moist or Runaway Greenhouse, links to model results in NetCDF format (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Yang, Jun; Ding, Feng; Ramirez, Ramses M; Peltier, W R; Hu, Yongyun; Liu, Yonggang (2017): Abrupt climate transition of icy worlds from snowball to moist or runaway greenhouse. Nature Geoscience, 10(8), 556-560, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2994
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Ongoing and future space missions aim to identify potentially habitable planets in our Solar System and beyond. Planetary habitability is determined not only by a planet's current stellar insolation and atmospheric properties, but also by the evolutionary history of its climate. It has been suggested that icy planets and moons become habitable after their initial ice shield melts as their host stars brighten. Here we show from global climate model simulations that a habitable state is not achieved in the climatic evolution of those icy planets and moons that possess an inactive carbonate-silicate cycle and low concentrations of greenhouse gases. Examples for such planetary bodies are the icy moons Europa and Enceladus, and certain icy exoplanets orbiting G and F stars. We find that the stellar fluxes that are required to overcome a planet's initial snowball state are so large that they lead to significant water loss and preclude a habitable planet. Specifically, they exceed the moist greenhouse limit, at which water vapour accumulates at high altitudes where it can readily escape, or the runaway greenhouse limit, at which the strength of the greenhouse increases until the oceans boil away. We suggest that some icy planetary bodies may transit directly to a moist or runaway greenhouse without passing through a habitable Earth-like state.
    Keywords: File content; File format; File name; File size; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 420 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    (Table 2) Asphalt samples taken in the surveyed area at Chapopote Knoll, Southern Gulf of Mexico
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Brüning, Markus; Sahling, Heiko; MacDonald, Ian R; Ding, Feng; Bohrmann, Gerhard (2010): Origin, distribution, and alteration of asphalts at the Chapopote Knoll, Southern Gulf of Mexico. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 27(5), 1093-1106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.09.005
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Following the discovery of asphalt volcanism in the Campeche Knolls a research cruise was carried out in 2006 to unravel the nature of the asphalt deposits at Chapopote. The novel results support the concept that the asphalt deposits at the seafloor in 3000 m of water depth originate from the seepage of heavy petroleum with a density slightly greater than water. The released petroleum forms characteristic flow structures at the seafloor with surfaces that are 'ropy' or 'rough' similar to magmatic lava flows. The surface structures indicate that the viscosity of the heavy petroleum rapidly increases after extrusion due to loss of volatiles. Consequently, the heavy petroleum forms the observed asphalt deposit and solidifies. Detailed survey with a remotely operated vehicle revealed that the asphalts are subject to sequential alterations: e.g. volume reduction leading to the formation of visible cracks in the asphalt surface, followed by fragmentation of the entire deposit. While relatively fresh asphalt samples were gooey and sticky, older, fragmented pieces were found to be brittle without residual stickiness. Furthermore, there is evidence for petroleum seepage from below the asphalt deposits, leading to local up-doming and, sometimes, to whip-shaped extrusions. Extensive mapping by TV-guided tools of Chapopote Asphalt Volcano indicates that the main asphalt deposits occur at the south-western rim that borders a central, crater-like depression. The most recent asphalt deposit at Chapopote is the main asphalt field covering an area of ~2000 m**2. Asphalt volcanism is distinct from oil and gas seepage previously described in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere because it is characterized by episodic intrusions of semi-solid hydrocarbons that spread laterally over a substantial area and produce structures with significant vertical relief. As Chapopote occurs at the crest of a salt structure it is inferred that asphalt volcanism is a secondary result of salt tectonism.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chapopote; Device type; Dive81; Dive82; Dive83; Dive84; Elevation of event; Event label; GC; GeoB10617; GeoB10618; GeoB10619; GeoB10622; GeoB10623-2; GeoB10625; Gravity corer; LATITUDE; Latitude, additional; Location type; LONGITUDE; Longitude, additional; M67/2b; MARUM; Meteor (1986); Remote operated vehicle; Rock type; ROV; Sample code/label; SL-8
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 68 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel application of a perturbed photonic crystal: High-quality filter (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2889-2891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transmission of light waves through a perturbed photonic crystal has been investigated. The perturbed photonic crystal was constructed by randomly repeated stacking of a number of identical unit cells. Although most of the light waves are localized by the randomness, there still exist light waves with special wavelengths which are in extended states. This produces a high-quality resonant tunneling with a very narrow transmission coefficient peak. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY, CARDIAC BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY and ORGAN DAMAGE IN EXPERIMENTALLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The present study was designed to investigate the haemodynamic features and morphological changes in experimentally hypertensive rat models.2. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to prepare the experimentally hypertensive models, including two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertensive (2K1C) rats, deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertensive (DOCA) rats and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive (l-NAME) rats. Six weeks after the induction of hypertension, 24 h blood pressure was recorded and blood pressure variability (BPV) expressed by 24 h (or 12 h in the daytime and night-time study) standard deviation of the variables was calculated. Then, cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was determined and four endogenous factors (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, angiotensin II and endothelin-1) were measured. Finally, morphological changes were examined.3. It was found that an increase in BPV and a decrease in BRS were accompanied by an elevation of blood pressure in all three hypertensive models. The DOCA rats had the highest BPV, whereas the l-NAME rats had the lowest BRS.4. Morphological changes were similar in DOCA and l-NAME rats and the cardiac changes were relatively slight in 2K1C rats. Tumour necrosis factor-α was increased in all the three models, especially in DOCA rats. Endothelin-1 was higher in DOCA rats and angiotensin II was increased in 2K1C rats and decreased in DOCA rats.5. In conclusion, increased BPV and decreased BRS accompanied the elevation of blood pressure in all three hypertensive models. The DOCA rats had the highest BPV and the l-NAME rats had the lowest BRS. Obvious organ damage was seen in all three hypertensive models 6 weeks after the induction of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04229.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GREATER HYPERTROPHY IN RIGHT THAN LEFT VENTRICLES IS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY VASCULOPATHY IN SINOAORTIC-DENERVATED WISTAR-KYOTO RATS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Biventricular hypertrophy has been described in a high blood pressure variability (BPV) model of sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats without systemic hypertension. To explore the possible involvement of the lung in SAD-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), we examined lung morphology, in addition to systemic haemodynamics and ventricle morphology, in Wistar-Kyoto rats 32 weeks after SAD.2. In Wistar-Kyoto rats 32 weeks after SAD, there existed a substantial elevation in BPV, with no change in the average level of arterial pressure. Biventricular hypertrophy following SAD was characterized by a greater hypertrophy in right than left ventricles; both absolute and normalized right ventricular weights were significantly increased by 22 and 27%, respectively, and only normalized left ventricular weight was significantly increased by 12%. No infarcts were found in any ventricles examined.3. In the lung, the most prominent change following SAD was pulmonary vasculopathy, including wall thickening, perivascular fibrosis and cell infiltration. In pulmonary arteries with an internal diameter of 70–130 µm, the external diameter, wall thickness and wall thickness to internal diameter ratio were increased in SAD compared with control rats.4. There was no correlation between right and left ventricular weights. In contrast with BPV-correlated left ventricular weight, right ventricular weight was correlated with the wall thickness of the pulmonary artery, but not with BPV.5. These findings suggest that greater RVH following SAD is associated with pulmonary vasculopathy, but is not secondary to the left ventricular problems or high BPV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04023.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS TO ACONITINE IN ANAESTHETIZED RATS IS ATTRIBUTED TO THE INHIBITION OF BAROREFLEX (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Aconitine is widely used to produce ventricular arrhythmias in anaesthetized rats. The present work was designed to test the hypothesis that anaesthesia may increase the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmia to aconitine due to the inhibition of arterial baroreflex. In addition, the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmia to aconitine at different times during the course of a whole day was also investigated.2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Arrhthymias were induced by aconitine infusion at six time points (01.00, 05.00, 09.00, 13.00, 17.00 and 21.00 h) with rats in both anaesthetized and conscious states. In sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats, ventricular arrhythmias were induced by aconitine infusion between 09.00 and 13.00 h.3. There was a significant difference in the lethal dose of aconitine between anaesthetized and conscious rats (99.6 ± 30.1 vs 58.2 ± 14.7 µg/kg; P 〈 0.001). Anaesthesia did increase the susceptibility of rats to ventricular arrhythmias following aconitine.4. In SAD rats, the lethal dose of aconitine was less than that for baroreflex-intact rats when determined in the conscious state. The difference in the lethal dose of aconitine between SAD and baroreflex-intact rats disappeared when it was determined in anaesthetized rats.5. The time of day did not affect the susceptibility of either anaesthetized or conscious rats to ventricular arrhythmias following aconitine, except for a difference in the ventricullar fibrillation threshold dose between 13.00 and 17.00 h in anaesthetized rats.6. In conclusion, anaesthesia may increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias following aconitine. Intact arterial baroreflex function is necessary to prevent drug-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.03988.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restoration of arterial baroreflex function contributes to organ protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with long-term hydrochlorothiazide mixture (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Hydrochlorothiazide mixture (HCTM) is widely used in China for the treatment of hypertension. This mixture consists of hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, reserpine, hydralazine and chlordiazpoxide, with small (one-third to one-fifth of normal) doses of each drug. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of this mixture on blood pressure, blood pressure variability (BPV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).2. The HCTM was mixed in the rat chow and rats were treated for 4 months. After treatment, rats were catheterized and their blood pressure, BPV and BRS were measured in the conscious state. Organ damage was examined after these measurements had been completed.3. It was found that HCTM not only decreased blood pressure and BPV, but also ameliorated impaired BRS in SHR. The HCTM had an obvious effect on organ protection in SHR.4. The HCTM prevented left ventricular hypertrophy and this effect was mainly related to a decrease in systolic blood pressure. The effects of HCTM on preventing renal atrophy were mainly determined by BRS. Baroreflex sensitivity was the most important determinant for predicting organ damage in HCTM-treated SHR.5. In conclusion, long-term treatment of rats with HCTM prevented hypertensive organ damage. Restoration of arterial baroreflex function contributes to organ protection in SHR treated in the long term with HCTM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03788.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood Pressure Variability And Organ Damage (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Blood pressure variability (BPV) is expressed as the standard deviation of the average blood pressure (BP). Blood pressure variability is increased in hypertensive patients and animals. However, BPV is not necessarily related to the BP level.2. For nearly any level of 24 h mean BP, hypertensive patients in whom the BPV is low have a lower prevalence and severity of organ damage than patients in whom the 24 h BPV is high. This observation has been confirmed further in spontaneously hypertensive rats with direct pathological analysis for organ damage.3. In sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats, 24 h average BP is normal and BPV is markedly increased. Myocardial damage, renal lesions and vascular remodelling are seen in these animals 4 weeks after SAD.4. Haemodynamic effects and activation of the renin– angiotensin system are hypothesized to contribute to organ damage induced by increased BPV.5. Blood pressure variability is of potential importance in antihypertensive therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03508.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ketanserin stabilizes blood pressure in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. It has been demonstrated that blood pressure variability (BPV) is increased in hypertension and related to organ damage. It will be important to lower BPV in the treatment of hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ketanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a weak α1-adrenoceptor blocking effect, on BPV in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).2. It was found that ketanserin decreased blood pressure (BP) and BPV in SHR when administered intravenously (3 mg/kg, i.v.). Ketanserin decreased BPV, but not the BP level, when administered intracerebroventricularly (50 µg/rat, i.c.v.).3. Prazosin, an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, lowered BP but did not affect BPV when given either i.v. (0.5 mg/kg) or i.c.v. (30 ug/rat). Ritanserin (0.625 mg/kg, i.v.; 40 'ug/rat, i.c.v.), a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, decreased BPV only when administered i.c.v. and did not modify the BP level.4. Ketanserin enhanced arterial baroreflex function in SHR when given either i.v. or i.c.v.5. The stabilizing effect of ketanserin on BP was persistent when administered intragastrically. This administration route is similar to oral administration clinically.6. It is concluded that ketanserin is an antihypertensive agent with an effect of reducing BPV. This effect is mainly mediated by central 5-HT2A receptors and is probably attributable to the restoration of arterial baroreflex function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03809.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARDIOVASCULAR HABITUATION TO EMOTIONAL STRESS IN LYON HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Intra-aortic blood pressure was recorded continuously in freely moving genetically hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN) and low blood pressure (LL) rats of the Lyon strain during two 11 h periods (08:00-19:00 h). During the first period (control), the animals were left undisturbed and during the second period (stress), a jet of air was applied for 20 min every hour. Urine was collected simultaneously and analysed for its content in norepinephrine and epinephrine.2. The first exposure to the stressor induced larger increases in blood pressure and heart rate in LH than in LN and LL rats. However blood pressure and heart rate responses to the 10 following stressors decreased in LH rats while they remained stable in LN and LL animals.3. Repeated stress exposure induced significant increases in epinephrine excretion in both LN and LL but not in LH rats.4. It is concluded that LH rats exhibit marked cardiovascular habituation to repeated stress. Taken together with the lack of stress-induced sympathoadrenal activation, this suggests a reduced level of emotional responsiveness in Lyon hypertensive rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00437.x
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