Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Groundwater Resources and Societal Development -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Groundwater and Society: Applications of Geospatial Technology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Key Aims of the Book -- 1.3 Sections of the Book -- 1.3.1 Section I: Groundwater Resources and Societal Development -- 1.3.2 Section II: Groundwater Availability, Quality and Pollution -- 1.3.3 Section III: Sustainable Groundwater Resources Management -- References -- Chapter 2: Groundwater and Society in India: Challenging Issues and Adaptive Strategies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Water Source and Civilization: A Changing Spectrum -- 2.2.1 Water Source and Establishment of Settlements -- 2.2.2 Water Source and Livelihood Practices -- 2.2.3 Modern Civilization and Deterioration of Groundwater Quality -- 2.2.4 Water Quality and Human Health -- 2.3 Groundwater Depletion and Society -- 2.3.1 Climate Change and Groundwater Depletion -- 2.3.2 Urbanization and Groundwater Depletion -- 2.4 Groundwater and Future Society -- 2.4.1 Efficiency in Water Utilization -- 2.4.2 Water Storage -- 2.4.3 Groundwater Recharge -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Groundwater Research and Societal Development: Integration with Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Significance of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Groundwater Research -- 3.3 Application of Geospatial Technology for Groundwater -- 3.3.1 Groundwater Exploration -- 3.3.2 Groundwater Potential Mapping -- 3.3.3 Groundwater Modelling -- 3.3.4 Geochemical Quality of Groundwater -- 3.3.5 Identification of Suitable Areas for Groundwater Recharge Using GIS -- 3.4 Recent Trend of Open Sources Data and Software in Groundwater Study -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 4: Geospatial and Geophysical Approaches for Assessment of Groundwater Resources in an Alluvial Aquifer of India -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Materials and Method -- 4.2.1 The Study Area -- 4.2.2 Physiography, Relief, and Drainage -- 4.2.3 Climate -- 4.2.4 Soils and Geology -- 4.2.5 Natural Vegetation and Land Use -- 4.2.6 Geophysical Imaging Investigation -- 4.2.7 Interpretation of Geophysical Data -- 4.2.8 Geospatial Approach in Development of Spatial Variability Models -- 4.3 Result and Discussion -- 4.3.1 Geophysical Imaging -- 4.3.1.1 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 1 -- 4.3.1.2 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 2 -- 4.3.1.3 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 3 -- 4.3.1.4 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 4 -- 4.3.1.5 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 5 -- 4.3.1.6 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 6 -- 4.3.1.7 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 7 -- 4.3.1.8 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 8 -- 4.3.1.9 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 9 -- Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 10 -- 4.3.1.10 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 11 -- 4.3.1.11 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 12 -- 4.3.1.12 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 13 -- 4.3.1.13 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 14 -- 4.3.1.14 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 15 -- 4.3.1.15 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 16 -- 4.3.1.16 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 17 -- 4.3.1.17 Geophysical Imaging Through Profile 18 -- 4.3.2 Iso-resistivity Contours -- 4.3.2.1 Geophysical Layer 1 -- 4.3.2.2 Geophysical Layer 2 -- 4.3.2.3 Geophysical Layers 3 and 4 -- 4.3.3 Delineation of Water Potential Zones -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Groundwater and Space Technology: Issues and Challenges -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waterbody Extraction -- 5.3 Remote Sensors in Groundwater Applications. , 5.4 Remote Sensing Data in Groundwater Studies -- 5.5 Spectral Indices and Water Assessment -- 5.6 Digital Elevation Model and Groundwater Investigation -- 5.7 Spatial Modelling and Groundwater Evaluation -- 5.8 Need for Future Research and Development -- 5.9 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Groundwater Availability, Quality and Pollution -- Chapter 6: Groundwater Quality Through Multi-Criteria-Based GIS Analysis: Village Level Assessment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.3 Materials and Methods -- 6.3.1 Collection of Samples and Chemical Analysis -- 6.3.2 Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) -- 6.3.3 Spatial Interpolation -- 6.3.4 Statistical Analysis -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 Groundwater Quality and Chemistry -- 6.4.1.1 pH -- 6.4.1.2 TDS -- 6.4.1.3 EC -- 6.4.1.4 TA -- 6.4.1.5 TH -- 6.4.1.6 Ca and Mg -- 6.4.1.7 Na and K -- 6.4.1.8 Cl and CO3 -- 6.4.1.9 HCO3-, SO4, and F- -- 6.4.2 Statistical Analysis -- 6.4.3 Irrigation Water Quality Assessment -- 6.4.3.1 Sodium Adsorption Ration (SAR) -- 6.4.3.2 Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) -- 6.4.3.3 Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) -- 6.4.3.4 Kelly´s Ratio -- 6.4.4 Analysis of Groundwater Pollution Zone by PIG Method -- 6.4.5 Water Quality Assessment in Relation with Physical Condition of the Study Area -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Analysis of Groundwater Potentiality Zones of Siliguri Urban Agglomeration Using GIS-Based Fuzzy-AHP Approach -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.3 Materials and Methods -- 7.3.1 Data Used -- 7.3.2 Data Processing and Creation of Thematic Layers -- 7.3.3 Fuzzy-AHP and Assignments of Normal Weighted Overlay of the Selected Thematic Layers -- 7.3.4 Delineation of the GPZ -- 7.4 Result and Discussion -- 7.4.1 Thematic Layers -- 7.4.1.1 DEM -- 7.4.1.2 Slope -- 7.4.1.3 Soil -- 7.4.1.4 Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). , 7.4.1.5 Precipitation -- 7.4.1.6 Lineament Density -- 7.4.1.7 Moisture Index (MI) -- 7.4.1.8 Geology -- 7.4.2 GPZ Map -- 7.4.3 Validation of GPZ Map -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Assessing the Groundwater Potentiality of the Gumani River Basin, India, using Geoinformatics and Analytical Hierar... -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Dataset and Methodology -- 8.3.1 Dataset -- 8.3.2 Methodology -- 8.3.2.1 Methodological Design -- 8.3.2.2 Processing of Geospatial Data -- 8.3.2.3 Assignment Weights and Weights Normalization -- 8.3.2.4 Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zone -- 8.3.2.5 Validation Techniques -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.4.1 The Pattern of Factorial Behavior -- 8.4.1.1 Lithology -- 8.4.1.2 Lineaments Density -- 8.4.1.3 Soil Texture -- 8.4.1.4 Geomorphology -- 8.4.1.5 Relief -- 8.4.1.6 Slope -- 8.4.1.7 Average Rainfall -- 8.4.1.8 Drainage Density -- 8.4.1.9 Distance from the River -- 8.4.1.10 Land Use and Land Cover -- 8.4.2 Groundwater Potential Zones -- 8.4.3 Validation -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Application of AHP for Groundwater Potential Zones Mapping in Plateau Fringe Terrain: Study from Western Province o... -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study Area -- 9.3 Materials and Methods -- 9.3.1 Data Sources -- 9.3.2 Preparation of Thematic Layers -- 9.3.3 Application of AHP Model -- 9.3.4 Calculation of Groundwater Potential Zones Index and Accuracy Assessment -- 9.3.5 Groundwater Recharge Estimation -- 9.4 Results and Discussions -- 9.4.1 Geological Setting -- 9.4.2 Lineament Density -- 9.4.3 Geomorphology -- 9.4.4 Slope -- 9.4.5 Curvature -- 9.4.6 Drainage Density -- 9.4.7 Rainfall -- 9.4.8 Soil -- 9.4.9 Infiltration Number -- 9.4.10 Topographic Wetness Index -- 9.4.11 Land Use Land Cover -- 9.4.12 GPZ of the Joyponda River Basin -- 9.4.13 Accuracy Assessment of GPZ Map. , 9.4.14 Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Performance of Frequency Ratio Approach for Mapping of Groundwater Prospect Areas in an Area of Mixed Topography -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area -- 10.3 Data and Methodology -- 10.3.1 Data Collection -- 10.3.2 Methodology -- 10.4 Results and Discussion -- 10.4.1 Land Use Land Cover (LULC) -- 10.4.2 Vegetation -- 10.4.3 Altitude -- 10.4.4 Slope -- 10.4.5 Rainfall -- 10.4.6 Soil -- 10.4.7 Geology -- 10.4.8 Geomorphology -- 10.4.9 Hydrogeology -- 10.4.10 Drainage Density -- 10.4.11 Lineament Density -- 10.4.12 Aquifer -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Artificial Neural Network for Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Part of Hugli District, West Bengal... -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Data and Methodology -- 11.2.1 Methodology -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Multi-criteria Analysis for Groundwater Quality Assessment: A Study in Paschim Barddhaman District of West Bengal,... -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Test Area -- 12.3 Materials and Method -- 12.4 Result and Discussion -- 12.4.1 Spatial Distribution of pH -- 12.4.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC) -- 12.4.3 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) -- 12.4.4 Total Hardness (TH) -- 12.4.5 Calcium and Magnesium (Ca and Mg) -- 12.4.6 Sodium and Potassium (Na and K) -- 12.4.7 Bicarbonate (HCO3) -- 12.4.8 Chloride (Cl) -- 12.4.9 Fluoride (F) -- 12.4.10 Iron (Fe) -- 12.4.11 Sulphate (SO4) and Phosphate (PO4) -- 12.4.12 Silica (SiO2) -- 12.4.13 Co-relation Analysis -- 12.4.14 Factor Analysis -- 12.4.15 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis -- 12.4.16 Mechanism Regulating the Groundwater Chemistry -- 12.4.17 Evaluation of Groundwater Quality -- 12.4.17.1 Water Quality Index -- 12.4.17.2 Irrigation Suitability -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 13: Performance of WQI and HPI for Groundwater Quality Assessment: Study from Sangramgarh Colliery of West Burdwan Dis.