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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical comparison of methods for mercury determination in fish (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 119 (1995), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: mercury ; fish ; collaborative study ; atomic absorption spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract One of the major analytical problem in the analysis of fish tissues for total mercury is the dissolution of the sample. This paper compares two different methods of wet digestion (microwave and closed pressurized vessel), followed by FIAAS as final determination and a Zeeman-solid-sample-AAS determination method without previous mineralization. Six fish samples were selected for this study. The top, the central and the bottom portions of the fish were analyzed separately. The mercury contents in the bottom portions determined by Zeeman-solid-sample-AAS were significantly higher than those obtained by the other two systems. A good correlation was observed among the results of the different techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TUNA FISH (T-30) – A new proficiency testing material for the determination of As and Hg in seafood (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The quality of the aquatic and marine environment can be monitored by the determination of pollutants in organisms living in this environment. Certified reference materials and well-organised proficiency tests are powerful means of ensuring a constant level of quality and verifying the correct application of standardised methods. The preparation of a tuna fish proficiency testing material for the evaluation of quality of As and Hg monitoring in seafood is described. Preparation and characterisation of the material as well as studies on its homogeneity and stability are described. Concentrations of 3.4 ± 0.2 mg/kg total arsenic and 2.91 ± 0.09 mg/kg total mercury have been determined as target values. Moreover indicative values for some trace elements (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr) and some major constituents (Al, Br, C, Ca, Cl, Fe, H, K, Mg, N, Na, P, S, Si, Zn) have also been measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050443
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference values of urinary chromium in Italy (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 70 (1997), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Urinary chromium ; Reference values ; Polycentric study ; Biological monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The paper describes the results of a polycentric study for the assessment of reference values of urinary chromium (U-Cr) in the Italian population. Method: A total of 890 subjects (58.3% males and 41.7% females) were selected on the basis of standardized criteria in eight different areas of Italy. Urinary chromium was determined on morning spot samples collected using standardized procedures. The U-Cr was determined independently by three laboratories using an Electrothermic atomization-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETA-AAS) method with a detection limit of 0.05 μg/l, adopting – for the statistical analysis – the median value of the results of the three laboratories. The between-laboratories within-subjects standard deviation was 0.049 μg/l. Due to the high proportion (approx. 28%) of undetectable chromium levels, the geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) were estimated using a procedure of linear interpolation. The analysis of the effects of some variables (sex, age, center, residence, smoking and drinking habits) on the U-Cr values was also performed, by multiple regression analysis after logarithmic transformation, using GM and SD. Results: The reference value of U-Cr was of 0.08 μg/l as an estimated GM, whereas the expected distribution ranged from not detectable (nd) (95% CI = nd–0.06) to 0.24 μg/l (95th percentile; 95% CI = 0.20– 0.31). Among the variables studied, only geographical area and sex significantly influenced the U-Cr levels. In subjects selected in the provinces of Bari and Venice values of U-Cr were significantly lower than those determined in subjects residing in other areas. Conclusions: From our investigation the reference values for U-Cr were lower than those obtained in previous investigations. In addition it confirms a further reduction in U-Cr levels following the previous decline reported in the 1970s and 1980s. In over 20 years U-Cr values in the general population dropped from values greater than 1 μg/l to values between 0.5 and 0.2 μg/l. The reasons of this progressive decline cannot be attributed in our opinion to a reduced intake of the metal, but mainly to the improvement in analytical instrumentation and methods. A further decrease may be ascribed to a more accurate definition of the reference groups and to a better control of pre-analytical factors. Considering that the reference values for U-Cr are much lower than those determined some decades ago, toxicological studies in order to verify the significance of biological limit values currently suggested for chromium seem to be necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050203
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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