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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inversion induced in silicon by corona-charged PVDF, P(VDF/TriFE), and P(VDF/ClTriFE) (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 2644-2655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polyvinylidene fluoride, as well as two of its copolymers made with trifluoroethylene and cholorotrifluoroethylene, respectively, is cast onto p-type silicon substrates and positively corona charged. This produces a strong induced inversion at the oxide-passivated silicon surface. Field-effect transistor structures are used to monitor the strength and stability of the inversion, which is seen to decay in a period of time dependent on the polymer and on the fabrication conditions. When a thicker (200–500 A(ring)) thermally grown SiO2 barrier layer is included between the silicon and polymer film, the devices are much more stable, remaining in inversion for many weeks. The physical and dielectric properties of the solution-cast polymer films are studied in order to gain a better understanding of the initial charge distributions and of the charge-transport properties associated with inversion layer decay in the thin oxide (12 A(ring)) structures. Instability in these devices appears to be more appropriately described by a space-charge-limited current model than by a Schottky emission model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348658
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and dielectric properties of spin-on barium-strontium titanate thin films (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2666-2671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Barium-strontium-titanate (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin film capacitors fabricated by a spin-on technique were studied. At room temperature the films have high dielectric constant ε, ranging from 22 to 151 at 1 MHz. Complex impedance spectroscopy was used in order to measure the frequency dependence of their dielectric properties. Cole–Cole reactance versus resistance of experimental data in the frequency range 10 Hz–10 MHz show semicircular behavior indicative of current leakage. The current leakage is proportional to the dielectric constant and in particular the lowest leakage current we measured at 1 MHz was 3×10−5 A/cm2 on samples with ε=22. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358733
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histopathological study of the appendix at autopsy and after surgical resection (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a study of 101 autopsy appendices and over 3000 surgically resected appendices, the range of histopathological features seen in each group is described. Fibrosis and faecoliths were more common in the older autopsy group than in the younger surgically resected group. The high incidence of fibrosis in the autopsy group suggests that this is an age-related change, although some may be due to previous inflammation. The low incidence of faecoliths in the surgically resected group does not support the hypothesis that they are a major cause of appendicitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb00763.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preconcentration of trace metals from sea water with the chelating resin Chelamine
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 272 (1993), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry ; Chelating resin ; Preconcentration ; Sea water ; Trace metals ; Waters
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(93)80379-Y
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a tetraaza macrocycle immobilized on an organic polymer to the determination of trace amounts of manganese in sea water
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 232 (1990), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003-2670(00)81250-7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-response effects of scopolamine on activity in an open field (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 44 (1975), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Scopolamine ; Activity ; Habituation ; Open field ; Dose-response effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The frequency of the responses, i.e., squares entered (ambulation), rearing and grooming, were recorded over 30 min for saline, and 0.25, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg scopolamine treated groups. Scopolamine produced an inverted U dose-response curve for ambulation, an increase in rearing but no effect on grooming. All three responses decreased over time; scopolamine did not attenuate this rate of habituation. There did appear a dose-related time effect. It was concluded that scopolamine may have different effects on various responses recorded simultaneously over a range of doses. The results when compared to other experiments emphasized the importance of environmental factors in determining drug effects on behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428909
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  • 7
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    Distribution and redox speciation of dissolved iron on the European continental margin (2007)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 52 (6). pp. 2530-2539.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-30
    Description: To investigate the biogeochemistry of iron in the waters of the European continental margin, we determined the dissolved iron distribution and redox speciation in filtered (〈0.2 μm) open-ocean and shelf waters. Depth profiles were sampled over the shelf slope southeast of the Chapelle Bank area (47.61°N, 4.24°W to 46.00°N, 8.01°W) and a horizontal surface-water transect over the shelf and through the English Channel (la Manche) and the southern North Sea (46°N, 8°W to 52°N, 4°E). An abrupt trace-metal front was found near the shelf slope, indicated by a horizontal gradient of dissolved iron (DFe) and aluminium (DAl), which correlated with changing salinities (r2 = 0.572 and 0.528, respectively, n = 92). Labile Fe(II) concentrations varied from 〈12 pmol L-1 in North Atlantic surface waters to >200 pmol L-1 in the near bottom waters of the shelf break. Labile Fe(II) accounted for ∼5 of the dissolved iron species in surface shelf waters (mean 5.0 ± 2.7), whereas higher Fe(II) fractions (i.e., >8) were observed near the sea bottom on the shelf break and during a midday solar maximum in surface waters in the vicinity of the Scheldt river plume. Benthic processes (resuspension and diagenesis) constituted important sources of Fe(II) and DFe in this region, and photoreduction of Fe(III) species in shelf waters caused enhanced labile Fe(II) concentrations. These processes increased the lability of iron and its potential availability to marine organisms in the shelf ecosystem. © 2007, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2007.52.6.2530
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  • 8
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    Sources and transport of dissolved iron and manganese along the continental margin of the Bay of Biscay (2007)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 4 (2). pp. 181-194.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: Dissolved iron (DFe; 〈0.2 µm) and dissolved manganese (DMn; 〈0.2 µm) concentrations were determined in the water column of the Bay of Biscay (eastern North Atlantic Ocean) in March 2002. The samples were collected along a transect traversing from the European continental shelf over the continental slope. The highest DFe and DMn concentrations (2.39 nM and 6.10 nM, respectively) were observed in the bottom waters on the shelf at stations closest to the coast. The release of trace metal from resuspended particles and the diffusion from pore waters were probably at the origin of elevated DFe and DMn concentrations in the Bottom Boundary Layer (BBL). In the slope region, the highest total dissolvable iron (TDFe), DFe and DMn values (24.6 nM, 1.58 nM and 2.12 nM, respectively) were observed close to the bottom at depth of ca.~600–700 m. Internal wave activity and slope circulation are thought to be at the origin of this phenomenon. These processes were also very likely the cause of elevated concentrations (DFe: 1.27 nM, DMn: 2.34 nM) measured in surface waters of stations located in the same area. At stations off the continental slope, the vertical distribution of both metals were typical of open ocean conditions, indicating that inputs from the continental margin did not impact the metal distributions in the offshore waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-4-181-2007
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  • 9
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    Atmospheric iron deposition and sea-surface dissolved iron concentrations in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (2003)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 50 (10-11). pp. 1339-1352.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: Atmospheric iron and underway sea-surface dissolved (〈0.2 μm) iron (DFe) concentrations were investigated along a north-south transect in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (27°N/16°W-19°S/5°E). Fe concentrations in aerosols and dry deposition fluxes of soluble Fe were at least two orders of magnitude higher in the Saharan dust plume than at the equator or at the extreme south of the transect. A weaker source of atmospheric Fe was also observed in the South Atlantic, possibly originating in southern Africa via the north-easterly outflow of the Angolan plume. Estimations of total atmospheric deposition fluxes (dry plus wet) of soluble Fe suggested that wet deposition dominated in the intertropical convergence zone, due to the very high amount of precipitation and to the fact that a substantial part of Fe was delivered in dissolved form. On the other hand, dry deposition dominated in the other regions of the transect (73-97), where rainfall rates were much lower. Underway sea-surface DFe concentrations ranged 0.02-1.1 nM. Such low values (0.02 nM) are reported for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean and may be (co)-limiting for primary production. A significant correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.862, p〈0.01) was observed between mean DFe concentrations and total atmospheric deposition fluxes, confirming the importance of atmospheric deposition on the iron cycle in the Atlantic. Residence time of DFe in the surface waters relative to atmospheric inputs were estimated in the northern part of our study area (17 ± 8 to 28 ± 16 d). These values confirmed the rapid removal of Fe from the surface waters, possibly by colloidal aggregation. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00126-2
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  • 10
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    Deep dissolved iron profiles in the eastern North Atlantic in relation to water masses (2003)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 30 (17).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: Concentrations of dissolved iron (DFe, 0.2μm) were determined at two stations in the Biscay Abyssal Plain (North East Atlantic) in March 2002. DFe concentrations in the surface layer (0.23–0.34 nM) were typical of winter conditions in this area. At 1000 m, DFe concentrations increased to 0.62–0.86 nM. This feature is consistent with the production of DFe by remineralization of the biogenic material. However, at this depth, Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) could be an additional source of DFe. Below 2500 m, DFe concentrations were constant (0.75 ± 0.04 nM). An interesting feature of the profiles was the intermediate maximum of DFe (1.19–1.12 nM) around 2000 m, associated with the Labrador Sea Water (LSW). We suggest that the iron enrichment of LSW occurred when this water mass reached the continental margin, likely in the vicinity of the Goban plateau. Vertical distributions were highly dependent on water masses encountered.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017902
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