Keywords:
Air quality--Measurement--Congresses.
;
Air--Pollution--Mathematical models--Congresses.
;
Urban climatology--Congresses.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book gives an overview of the current situation in urbanization of meteorological and air quality models around the world. It discusses and makes recommendations on the best practice and strategy for urbanization of different types of models.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (184 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783642002984
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=450420
DDC:
628.53015118
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Introduction to the Problem and Aims -- References -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Urban Morphology and Databases -- 1 Facilitating Advanced Urban Meteorology and Air Quality Modelling Capabilities with High Resolution Urban Database and Access Portal Tools -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Approach -- 1.3 Features of Nudapt -- 1.3.1 Morphology Databases and Urban Canopy Parameters (UCP) -- 1.3.2 Relevant Ancillary Data -- 1.3.3 NUDAPT Design Concept -- 1.4 Discussion and Summary -- References -- 2 Relating Small-Scale Emission and Concentration Variability in Air Quality Models -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Formulation -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.4 Results -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 2.6 Appendix: Other Closures Used for Prognostic Equation for the Variance of Pollutant Concentration -- References -- 3 Performance of Different Sub-Grid-Scale Surface Flux Parameterizations for Urban and Rural Areas -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Model Set-Up -- 3.2.2 Simulated Situations -- 3.2.3 Result Evaluation -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Parameterizations of Urban Canopy -- 4 How to Use Computational Fluid Dynamics Models for Urban Canopy Parameterizations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Averaging Schemes in Mesoscale Models -- 4.3 The Role of CFD Models -- 4.4 An Example -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Review of Japanese Urban Models and a Scale ModelExperiment -- 5.1 Urban Models Developed in Japan -- 5.1.1 Simple Urban Canopy Models in Japan -- 5.1.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics Models in Japan -- 5.2 Scale Model Experiments -- 5.2.1 Brief Review of Reduced Scale Model Experiments for Urban Climate -- 5.2.2 Comprehensive Outdoor Scale Model -- COSMO -- Experiments for Urban Climate -- References.
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6 Urban Soil-Canopy-Atmosphere Exchangesat Submesoscales: Learning from ModelDevelopment, Evaluation, and Coupling with LES -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Model Development -- 6.3 Model Validation and Implementation -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 The Effect of Stratification on the AerodynamicRoughness Length -- 7.1 Introduction -- References -- Part III Strategy for Urbanization of Different Types of Models -- 8 FUMAPEX Experience of Model Urbanisation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Methodology for Urbanization of City-Scale Meteorological Models -- 8.2.1 FUMAPEX Strategy to Improve NWP and Meso-Scale Meteorological Models for Urban Areas -- 8.2.2 Urban Fluxes and Sublayer Parameterisation -- 8.3 Results and Recommendations -- 8.3.1 Experience of Model Urbanisation -- 8.3.2 Further Improvements in NWP and UAQ Forecasting Systems -- References -- 9 Evolution of Urban Surface Exchange in the UK Met Offices Unified Model -- 9.1 Basic Approach -- 9.2 Heterogeneity -- 9.3 The Urban Tile, Thermal Canopy, Roughness Lengths for Heat and Anthropogenic Heat Flux -- 9.4 The Two-Tile Approach -- 9.5 Summary -- References -- 10 Sensitivity Tests in the Dynamical and Thermal Partof the MRF-Urban PBL Scheme in the MM5 Model -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methodology -- 10.3 Results and Discussion -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV Evaluation and Case Studies/Observations -- 11 Urban Surface Energy Balance Models: Model Characteristics and Methodology for a Comparison Study -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Urban Surface Energy Balance Models -- 11.2.1 Model Outputs -- 11.2.2 Representation of the Urban Environment -- 11.2.3 Model Inputs -- 11.2.4 Methods of Calculation -- 11.3 Methodology for the Model Comparison -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Measuring Meteorology in Urban Areas Some Progress and Many Problems -- 12.1 Introduction.
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12.2 The Height of the Boundary Layer -- 12.3 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Derivation of Vertical Wind and Turbulence Profiles, the Mixing-Layer Height, and the Vertical Turbulent Exchange Coefficient from Sodar and Ceilometer Soundings in Urban Measurement Campaigns -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Results -- 13.2.1 Profiles and Diurnal Variation of Mean Wind Speed -- 13.2.2 Profiles and Diurnal Variation of the Variance of the Vertical Wind Component -- 13.2.3 Stratification of the Urban Boundary Layer and Mixing-Layer Height -- 13.2.4 Turbulent Viscosity -- 13.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 14 Verification and Case Studies for Urban Effects in HIRLAM Numerical Weather Forecasting -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Methodology -- 14.2.1 DMI-HIRLAM NWP Modelling and Meteorological Data -- 14.2.2 Approach Based on Improved Urban Roughness and Anthropogenic Fluxes -- 14.2.3 Building Effect Parameterization -- 14.3 Results and Discussions: Sensitivity Tests and Verification for Copenhagen Metropolitan Areas -- 14.3.1 Modified Urban Roughness and Anthropogenic Fluxes -- 14.3.2 Modified Urban Building Effects -- 14.3.3 Overall Urbanized NWP Performance -- 14.4 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Model Urbanization Strategy: Summaries,Recommendations and Requirements -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Fitness-for-Purpose Guidance -- 15.3 Strategy to Urbanize Different Types of Models -- 15.4 Overview of Major Applications -- 15.4.1 Numerical Weather Prediction and Meso-Meteorological Models -- 15.4.2 Urban Air Pollution and Emergency Response Models -- 15.4.3 Multiscale Atmospheric Environment Modeling -- 15.4.4 Urban Pollution and Climate Integrated Modeling -- 15.5 Database and Evaluation Aspects of Urbanized Models -- 15.5.1 Database Requirements -- 15.5.2 Evaluation -- 15.6 Potential Community Activities -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2.
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Colour Plate -- Index.
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