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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Extinction, survival, and recovery of lagenide foraminifers in the Permian-Triassic boundary interval, central Taurides, Turkey (2005)
    Tulsa, Okla. : The Paleontological Soc.
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Anatolien Süd ; Perm ; Trias ; Fossile Foraminiferen
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: II, 38 S. , Ill.
    Series Statement: Memoir / Paleontological Society 62
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    An integrated biostratigraphy (conodonts and foraminifers) and chronostratigraphy (paleomagnetic reversals, magnetic susceptibility, elemental chemistry, carbon isotopes and geochronology) for the Permian-Triassic strata of Guandao section (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lehrmann, Daniel; Stepchinski, Leanne; Altiner, Demir; Orchard, Michael J; Montgomery, Paul; Enos, Paul; Ellwood, Brooks B; Bowring, Samuel A; Ramezani, Jahandar; Wang, Hongmei; Wei, Jiayong; Yu, Meiyi; Griffiths, James D; Minzoni, Marcello; Schaal, Ellen K; Li, Xiaowei; Meyer, Katja M; Payne, Jonathan L (2015): An integrated biostratigraphy (conodonts and foraminifers) and chronostratigraphy (paleomagnetic reversals, magnetic susceptibility, elemental chemistry, carbon isotopes and geochronology) for the Permian–Upper Triassic strata of Guandao section, Nanpanjiang Basin, south China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 108, 117-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.04.030
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: The chronostratigraphy of Guandao section has served as the foundation for numerous studies of the end-Permian extinction and biotic recovery in south China. Guandao section is continuous from the Permian-Triassic boundary to the Upper Triassic. Conodonts enable broad delineation of stage and substage boundaries and calibration of foraminifer biostratigraphy as follows. Changhsingian-Griesbachian: first Hindeodus parvus, and first appearance of foraminifers Postcladella kalhori and Earlandia sp. Griesbachian-Dienerian: first Neospathodus dieneri, and last appearance of foraminifer P. grandis. Dienerian-Smithian: first Novispathodus waageni and late Dienerian first appearance of foraminifer Hoyenella ex gr. sinensis. Smithian-Spathian: first Nv? crassatus and last appearance of foraminifers Arenovidalina n. sp. and Glomospirella cf. vulgaris. Spathian-Aegean: first Chiosella timorensis and first appearance of foraminifer Meandrospira dinarica. Aegean-Bithynian: first Nicoraella germanica and first appearance of foraminifer Pilammina densa. Bithynian-Pelsonian: after last Neogondolella regalis, prior to first Paragondolella bulgarica and first appearance of foraminifer Aulotortus eotriasicus. Pelsonian-Illyrian: first Pg. excelsa and last appearance of foraminifers Meandrospira? deformata and Pilamminella grandis. Illyrian-Fassanian: first Budurovignathus truempyi, and first appearance of foraminifers Abriolina mediterranea and Paleolituonella meridionalis. Fassanian-Longobardian: first Bv. mungoensis and last appearance of foraminifer A. mediterranea. Longobardian-Cordevolian: first Quadralella polygnathiformis and last appearance of foraminifers Turriglomina mesotriasica and Endotriadella wirzi. The section contains primary magnetic signature with frequent reversals occurring around the Permian-Triassic, Olenekian-Anisian, and Anisian-Ladinian boundaries. Predominantly normal polarity occurs in the lower Smithian, Bithynian, and Longobardian-Cordevolian. Predominantly reversed polarity occurs in the upper Griesbachian, Induan-Olenekian, Pelsonian and lower Illyrian. Reversals match well with the GPTS. Large amplitude carbon isotope excursions, attaining values as low as -2.9 per mil d13C and high as +5.7 per mil d13C, characterize the Lower Triassic and basal Anisian. Values stabilize around +2 per mil d13C through the Anisian to Carnian. Similar signatures have been reported globally. Magnetic susceptibility and synthetic gamma ray logs show large fluctuations in the Lower Triassic and an overall decline in magnitude of fluctuation through the Middle and Upper Triassic. The largest spikes in magnetic susceptibility and gamma ray, indicating greater terrestrial lithogenic flux, correspond to positive d13C excursions. High precision U-Pb analysis of zircons from volcanic ash beds provide a robust age of 247.28 ± 0.12 Ma for the Olenekian-Anisian boundary at Guandao and an age of 251.985 ± 0.097 Ma for the Permian-Triassic boundary at Taiping. Together, the new U-Pb geochronology from the Guandao and Taiping sections suggest an estimated duration of 4.71 ± 0.15 Ma for the Early Triassic Epoch.
    Keywords: Abriolina mediterranea; Agathammina sp.; Age, dated; Age, dated standard error; Age, Uranium-Lead; Arenovidalina sp.; Aulotortus eotriasicus; Austrocolomia marschalli; Bianyang, Guizhou, China; Budurovignathus hungaricus; Budurovignathus mungoensis; Budurovignathus truempyi; Chemical Gamma Ray; Chiosella gondolelloides; Chiosella timorensis; Clarkina changxingensis; Conservatella conservativa; Cornudina sp.; Cratognathus spp; Discretella discreta; Endoteba bithynica; Endoteba controversa; Endotebanella kocaeliensis; Endotebanella sp.; Endoteba obturata; Endotriada thyrrhenica; Endotriadella wirzi; Eurygnathodus sp.; Foraminifera, benthic indeterminata; Galeanella sp.; Gladigondolella carinata; Gladigondolella tethydis; Glomospirella cf. vulgaris; Guandao_Section; Guangxidella bransoni; HAND; Hindeodus anterodentatus; Hindeodus parvus; Hindeodus typicalis; Hoyenella ex gr. sinensis; Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Krikoumbilica pileiformis; Light microscope; Magnetic susceptibility; Magnetometer, cryogenic, 2G-755R, thermal demagnetization; Malayspirina sp.; Mass spectrometer Finnigan MAT 252; Meandrospira cheni; Meandrospira deformata; Meandrospira dinarica; Meandrospira pusilla; Meandrospira sp.; Meandrospirillina irregularis; Mosherella newpassensis; Neogondolella bifurcata; Neogondolella constricta; Neogondolellaregalis; Neogondolella trammeri; Neogondolella transita; Neospathodus crassatus; Neospathodus cristagalli; Neospathodus dieneri; Neospathodus pakistanensis; Neospathodus peculiaris; Neospathodus triangularis; Neostrachanognathus spp.; Nicoraella germanica; Nicoraella kockeli; Nicoraella sp.; Novispathodus abruptus; Novispathodus waageni; Ophthalmidium exiguum; Ophthalmidium spp.; Paleolituonella meridionalis; Paleolituonella reclinata; Paragondolella alpina; Paragondolella bifurcata; Paragondolella bulgarica; Paragondolella excelsa; Paragondolella foliata; Paragondolella fuelopi; Paragondolella inclinata; Piallina bronnimanni; Pilammina densa; Pilamminella grandi; Planiinvoluta mesotriasica; Quadralella polygnathiformis; Quadralella tadpole; Sample code/label; Sampling by hand; SECTION, height; Spathicuspus spathi; Susceptibility bridge; Tolypammina gregaria; Triadodiscus sp.; Triassospathodus brochus; Triassospathodus homeri; Triassospathodus symmetricus; Trochammina almtalensis; Turriglomina carnica; Turriglomina cf. magna; Turriglomina mesotriasica; Turrispirillina sp.; Virtual geomagnetic pole latitude; δ13C, carbonate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 93579 data points
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  • 3
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    The influence of seawater carbonate chemistry, mineralogy, and diagenesis on calcium isotope variations in Lower-Middle Triassic carbonate rocks (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 471 . pp. 13-37.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The geological calcium cycle is linked to the geological carbon cycle through the weathering and burial of carbonate rocks. As a result, calcium (Ca) isotope ratios (44Ca/40Ca, expressed as δ44/40Ca) can help to constrain ancient carbon cycle dynamics if Ca cycle behavior can be reconstructed. However, the δ44/40Ca of carbonate rocks is influenced not only by the δ44/40Ca of seawater but also by diagenetic processes and fractionation associated with carbonate precipitation. In this study, we investigate the dominant controls on carbonate δ44/40Ca in Upper Permian to Middle Triassic limestones (ca. 253 to 244 Ma) from south China and Turkey. This time interval is ideal for assessing controls on Ca isotope ratios in carbonate rocks because fluctuations in seawater δ44/40Ca may be expected based on several large carbon isotope (δ13C) excursions ranging from − 2 to + 8‰. Parallel negative δ13C and δ44/40Ca excursions were previously identified across the end-Permian extinction horizon. Here, we find a second negative excursion in δ44/40Ca of ~ 0.2‰ within Lower Triassic strata in both south China and Turkey; however, this excursion is not synchronous between regions and thus cannot be interpreted to reflect secular change in the δ44/40Ca of global seawater. Additionally, δ44/40Ca values from Turkey are consistently 0.3‰ lower than contemporaneous samples from south China, providing further support for local or regional influences. By measuring δ44/40Ca and Sr concentrations ([Sr]) in two stratigraphic sections located at opposite margins of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, we can determine whether the data represent global conditions (e.g., secular variations in the δ44/40Ca of seawater) versus local controls (e.g., original mineralogy or diagenetic alteration). The [Sr] and δ44/40Ca data from this study are best described statistically by a log-linear correlation that also exists in many previously published datasets of various geological ages. Using a model of early marine diagenetic water-rock interaction, we illustrate that this general correlation can be explained by the chemical evolution of bulk carbonate sediment samples with different initial mineralogical compositions that subsequently underwent recrystallization. Although early diagenetic resetting and carbonate mineralogy strongly influence the carbonate δ44/40Ca values, the relationship between [Sr] and δ44/40Ca holds potential for reconstructing first-order secular changes in seawater δ44/40Ca composition.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.006
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Global perturbation of the marine calcium cycle during the Permian-Triassic transition (2018)
    Geological Society of America, GSA
    In:  Geological Society of America Bulletin, 130 (7-8). pp. 1323-1338.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: A negative shift in the calcium isotopic composition of marine carbonate rocks spanning the end-Permian extinction horizon in South China has been used to argue for an ocean acidification event coincident with mass extinction. This interpretation has proven controversial, both because the excursion has not been demonstrated across multiple, widely separated localities, and because modeling results of coupled carbon and calcium isotope records illustrate that calcium cycle imbalances alone cannot account for the full magnitude of the isotope excursion. Here, we further test potential controls on the Permian-Triassic calcium isotope record by measuring calcium isotope ratios from shallow-marine carbonate successions spanning the Permian-Triassic boundary in Turkey, Italy, and Oman. All measured sections display negative shifts in δ44/40Ca of up to 0.6‰. Consistency in the direction, magnitude, and timing of the calcium isotope excursion across these widely separated localities implies a primary and global δ44/40Ca signature. Based on the results of a coupled box model of the geological carbon and calcium cycles, we interpret the excursion to reflect a series of consequences arising from volcanic CO2 release, including a temporary decrease in seawater δ44/40Ca due to short-lived ocean acidification and a more protracted increase in calcium isotope fractionation associated with a shift toward more primary aragonite in the sediment and, potentially, subsequently elevated carbonate saturation states caused by the persistence of elevated CO2 delivery from volcanism. Locally, changing balances between aragonite and calcite production are sufficient to account for the calcium isotope excursions, but this effect alone does not explain the globally observed negative excursion in the δ13C values of carbonate sediments and organic matter as well. Only a carbon release event and related geochemical consequences are consistent both with calcium and carbon isotope data. The carbon release scenario can also account for oxygen isotope evidence for dramatic and protracted global warming as well as paleontological evidence for the preferential extinction of marine animals most susceptible to acidification, warming, and anoxia.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1130/B31818.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    CAPITANIAN (MIDDLE PERMIAN) MASS EXTINCTION AND RECOVERY IN WESTERN TETHYS: A FOSSIL, FACIES, AND δ13C STUDY FROM HUNGARY AND HYDRA ISLAND (GREECE) (2012)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-01
    Description: The Capitanian (middle Permian) extinction and recovery event is examined in carbonate platform settings from western Tethys (Hungary and Hydra, Greece). The age model for these sections is poorly resolved and we have constructed a δ13C chemostratigraphic correlation scheme, supported by conodont and foraminifer data, which attempts correlation with the well-dated events in China. This reveals the timing of events was similar in all Tethyan regions: extinction losses in the middle of the Capitanian produced late Capitanian assemblages in Hungary and Hydra with a distinctive late Permian character (for example, they lack large fusulinaceans). There is no evidence for an extinction event at the end of the Guadalupian (Capitanian) suggesting that previous claims for an end-Guadalupian mass extinction are based on poorly dated records of a mid-Capitanian event. Base level was stable through much of the middle–late Permian transition with the exception of a major regression within the Capitanian Stage. The subsequent transgression established widespread shallow-water carbonate deposition, such as the Episkopi Formation in Hydra and the Nagyvisnyó Limestone Formation in Hungary.
    Print ISSN: 0883-1351
    Electronic ISSN: 0883-1351
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 6
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    Within- and among-genus components of size evolution during mass extinction, recovery, and background intervals: a case study of Late Permian through Late Triassic foraminifera (2012)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: One of the best-recognized patterns in the evolution of organismal size is the tendency for mean and maximum size within a clade to decrease following a major extinction event and to increase during the subsequent recovery interval. Because larger organisms are typically thought to be at higher extinction risk than their smaller relatives, it has commonly been assumed that size reduction mostly reflects the selective extinction of larger species. However, to our knowledge the relative importance of within- and among-lineage processes in driving overall trends in body size has never been compared quantitatively. In this study, we use a global, specimen-level database of foraminifera to study size evolution from the Late Permian through Late Triassic. We explicitly decompose size evolution into within- and among-genus components. We find that size reduction following the end-Permian mass extinction was driven more by size reduction within surviving species and genera than by the selective extinction of larger taxa. Similarly, we find that increase in mean size across taxa during Early Triassic biotic recovery was a product primarily of size increase within survivors and the extinction of unusually small taxa, rather than the origination of new, larger taxa. During background intervals we find no strong or consistent tendency for extinction, origination, or within-lineage change to move the overall size distribution toward larger or smaller sizes. Thus, size stasis during background intervals appears to result from small and inconsistent effects of within- and among-lineage processes rather than from large but offsetting effects of within- and among-taxon components. These observations are compatible with existing data for other taxa and extinction events, implying that mass extinctions do not influence size evolution by simply selecting against larger organisms. Instead, they appear to create conditions favorable to smaller organisms.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Paleontological Society
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  • 7
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    Early and Middle Triassic trends in diversity, evenness, and size of foraminifers on a carbonate platform in south China: implications for tempo and mode of biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction (2011)
    Paleontological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: Delayed biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction has long been interpreted to result from environmental inhibition. Recently, evidence of more rapid recovery has begun to emerge, suggesting the role of environmental inhibition was previously overestimated. However, there have been few high-resolution taxonomic and ecological studies spanning the full Early and Middle Triassic recovery interval, leaving the precise pattern of recovery and underlying mechanisms poorly constrained. In this study, we document Early and Middle Triassic trends in taxonomic diversity, assemblage evenness, and size distribution of benthic foraminifers on an exceptionally exposed carbonate platform in south China. We observe gradual increases in all metrics through Early Triassic and earliest Middle Triassic time, with stable values reached early in the Anisian. There is little support in our data set for a substantial Early Triassic lag interval during the recovery of foraminifers or for a stepwise recovery pattern. The recovery pattern of foraminifers on the GBG corresponds well with available global data for this taxon and appears to parallel that of many benthic invertebrate clades. Early Triassic diversity increase in foraminifers was more gradual than in ammonoids and conodonts. However, foraminifers continued to increase in diversity, size, and evenness into Middle Triassic time, whereas diversity of ammonoids and conodonts declined. These contrasts suggest decoupling of recovery between benthic and pelagic environments; it is unclear whether these discrepancies reflect inherent contrasts in their evolutionary dynamics or the differential impact of Early Triassic ocean anoxia or associated environmental parameters on benthic ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8373
    Electronic ISSN: 0094-8373
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Paleontological Society
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