Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction to the Agriculture Productivity in Tunisia -- Introduction to "Agriculture Productivity in Tunisia Under Stressed Environment" -- 1 Background -- 2 Themes of the Book -- 3 Chapters' Summary -- 3.1 Overview of Tunisian Sustainable Agriculture -- 3.2 Sustainable Agriculture Water Management -- 3.3 Tunisian Marine and Terrestrial Living Environment -- References -- Overview of Tunisian Sustainable Agriculture -- Assessment of the Environmental Sustainability of Family Farming: The Case of Cereal Sector in Tunisia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cereal Sector in Tunisia -- 3 Methodological Framework -- 4 Data -- 5 Empirical Results and Discussion -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Sustainability and Plasticity of the Olive Tree Cultivation in Arid Conditions -- 1 History Overview -- 2 Importance of the Olive Sector -- 2.1 Cultivated Area, Tree Number and Varieties -- 2.2 Production -- 3 Genetic Resources -- 4 Environmental Conditions of the Olive Specie -- 5 Temperature -- 5.1 Rainfall -- 5.2 Light -- 5.3 Soil -- 6 Shoot Architecture and Olive Tree Biology -- 7 Training System for Sustainable Olive Orchard -- 8 Orchard Management for Sustainable Olive Cultivation -- 8.1 Soil Management -- 8.2 Water Use -- 8.3 Fertilization Strategy -- 8.4 Pest Control -- 9 Conclusions -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Tunisian Date Cultivars: Economical Aspect, Physicochemical Properties, Sensory Characterization and Potential Valorization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History and Symbolic Meaning -- 3 Importance of Dates -- 4 Traditional Use of Dates -- 5 Identification of Common and Non-common Cultivars -- 5.1 Early and Fresh Dates -- 5.2 Soft Dates -- 5.3 Dry Dates -- 6 Dates Characterization -- 6.1 Physiological Characterization -- 6.2 Dates: A Nourishing Fruit with an Exceptional Composition -- 6.3 Sensory Characterization. , 7 Dates Cultivars Valorization -- 7.1 Valorization in Food Industries -- 7.2 Valorization of Date Sorting Gaps by Drying to Obtain a Powder for Animal Feed -- 7.3 Valorization in Cosmetics and Artisanal Products -- 7.4 Energy Production -- 7.5 Manufacture of Date Palm wood and Furniture with Liquid Wood -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Ecological Distribution, Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Rosa Species in Tunisia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Taxonomic Characters of Rosa Species in Tunisia -- 2.1 Rosa Dumetorum Thuil. -- 2.2 Rosa Pomifera L. -- 2.3 Rosa Rubigenosa L. -- 2.4 Rosa Canina L. -- 2.5 Rosa Moschata Herrm. -- 2.6 Rosa Sempervirens L. -- 2.7 Rosa Gallica L. -- 2.8 Rosa Sicula Tratt. -- 2.9 Rosa Agrestis Savi. -- 2.10 Rosa Stylosa Desv. -- 2.11 Rosa Micrantha Sm. -- 3 Prospection and Localization of Different Rosa Species Inventoried in Tunisia -- 4 Ecological Characteristics of Some Species of Rosa in Tunisia -- 4.1 Edaphic Characteristics of Species Distribution Areas of Rosa Sp. in Northern and Central Tunisia -- 4.2 Bioclimatic Characteristics of Northern and Central Tunisia Occupated by Rosa Species -- 4.3 The Plant Communities of Rosa Sp. in Tunisia -- 5 Phytochemistry of Tunisian Rosa Species -- 5.1 Essential Oil Composition -- 5.2 Fatty Acid Composition -- 5.3 Ascorbic Acid Content -- 5.4 Total Polyphenol and Flavonoid Contents -- 5.5 Polyphenol Composition -- 5.6 Carotenoid Content and Composition -- 6 Biological Activity -- 6.1 Antioxidant Activity -- 6.2 Insecticidal Activity -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendation -- References -- Natural Mediterranean Plants Products: A Sustainable Approach for Integrated Insect Pests Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Plant Secondary Metabolites -- 2.1 Terpenoids -- 2.2 Alkaloids -- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids -- 3 Secondary Metabolites in Mediterranean Plants. , 4 Mode of Action Against Pest Insects -- 4.1 Anti-feeding Activity -- 4.2 Repulsive Activity -- 4.3 Toxic Activity -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Invasive Alien Plants Management in Tunisia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biological Invasions -- 2.1 Invasion Process -- 2.2 IAP Impacts -- 3 IAP Management -- 3.1 Global Context -- 3.2 Management General Scheme -- 4 IAP Management in Tunisia -- 4.1 Potentially IAP Inventory -- 4.2 Silverleaf Nightshade Management (Solanum Elaeagnifolium Cav. # SOEL) -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Study of the Effect of the Biochar Amendment on the Physic-Chemical Properties of a Soil Cultivated in Green Mint (Mentha Viridis L.) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Soil Test Results -- 3.2 Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potency of Methanolic Extracts of Mint -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Agriculture Water Management -- Assessing the Water Productivity of Durum Wheat in Tunisian Semi-Arid Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in Tunisia -- 2.1 Water Use Efficiency and Productivity Concepts -- 2.2 Irrigation Water Use Efficiency -- 2.3 Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Under Semi-Arid Conditions -- 3 Inter Relationship Between Yield, Water Use and Water Use Efficiency of Durum Wheat: A Case Study in Northeastern Tunisia -- 3.1 Study Area -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.3 Scenarios of Irrigation Scheduling and Pedoclimatic Conditions -- 3.4 Inter Relationship Between Yield, Water Use and Water Use Efficiency -- 4 Discussions -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Assessing Institutional Barriers to Effective Dissemination Strategies of Proven Water Management Practices to Face Climate Change Threats in the Citrus Growing Area in Tunisia -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Agricultural Extension System in Tunisia: An Overview -- 3 Methodological Framework -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Barriers Related to Institution Organization, Human Resource and Decision Making -- 4.2 Barriers Related to Institution Linkages and Partnerships -- 4.3 Barriers Related to Time Allocation -- 4.4 Efficiency of the Research-Extension Interface -- 5 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Stable Isotopes for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Water: Case of Mateur Plain (North Tunisia) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Concepts of Isotope Hydrology -- 2.1 Water Isotopes -- 2.2 Isotopic Fractionation -- 2.3 Isotopes in the Water Cycle -- 3 Case Study of the Mateur Plain (Northern Tunisia) -- 3.1 Site Description -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.3 Water Levels and Flow Pathways -- 3.4 Geochemical Processes Affecting Groundwater Quality -- 3.5 Groundwater Residence Time as Inferred by Isotopic Tracers -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Assessing the Blue and Green Water Resources Use for Regional Crop Production in a Semi Arid Area (The Cap Bon Case Study, Tunisia) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Resources and Agriculture in the Cap Bon Region -- 2.1 Description of the Study Site -- 2.2 Characteristics of the Climate -- 2.3 Blue and Green Water Resources Situation -- 2.4 Characteristics of the Irrigated and Rainfed Agriculture -- 3 Impact of Climate Change -- 3.1 Water Resources -- 3.2 Irrigated and Rainfed Agriculture -- 3.3 Climate Change Adaptation -- 4 Methodology and Used Data -- 4.1 Calculating Blue and Green Crop Water Use -- 4.2 Used Data -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Water Foot Print -- 5.2 Green Water Footprint of Wheat -- 5.3 Blue and Green Water Footprint of Tomato -- 5.4 Blue and Green Water Footprint of Citrus -- 5.5 Sustainability of the Water Footprint -- 5.6 Spatial and Temporal Scales. , 6 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Tunisian Marine and Terrestrial Living Environment -- Producing Barbarine Lambs on Tunisian Rangelands Could be Sustainable and Provide Healthy Meat -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lamb Production on Tunisian Arid Rangeland: A Synthesis of Trials Data -- 2.1 Data Description and Statistical Analysis -- 2.2 Results -- 2.3 Discussions -- 3 Sustainability of Lamb Production on Rangeland -- 3.1 Improvement of the Rangeland Quality -- 3.2 Valorisation of Lamb Meat Produced on Rangeland -- 4 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Freshwater Fish Farming and Fishery Management in Tunisian Reservoirs: Limitations and Opportunities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Study Sites -- 2.2 Sampling -- 2.3 Data Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Species Composition -- 3.2 Fish Species Dynamics -- 3.3 Vertical Distribution -- 3.4 General and Specific Abundance -- 3.5 Population Structure -- 4 Discussions -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Updates, Conclusions, and Recommendations for "Agriculture Productivity in Tunisia Under Stressed Environment" -- 1 Update -- 2 Conclusions -- 3 Recommendations -- References -- Author Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Introduction to "Agro-Environmental Sustainability in MENA Regions" -- 1 Background -- 2 Summaries of the Book Chapters -- 2.1 Climate Change and Water Management Practices -- 2.2 Diagnosis and New Farming Technologies -- 2.3 Practices for Sustainable Plant and Soil Production -- 2.4 Industrial, Landscape, Touristic and Political Approaches for Agro-Environment Sustainability -- References -- Climate Change and Water Management Practices -- Climate Change Impacts on Water Balance in Egypt and Opportunities for Adaptations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area (Egypt) -- 3 Climate Change -- 3.1 Climate Models -- 3.2 Emissions Scenarios -- 4 Water Balance in Egypt in the Context of Climate Change -- 4.1 Rainfall -- 4.2 Groundwater -- 4.3 Evaporation and Evapotranspiration -- 5 Climate Change Impacts on the Nile River Flow -- 5.1 Sensitivity Studies -- 5.2 Direct Use of GCMs Outputs -- 5.3 Downscaling Techniques of GCMs -- 6 Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Egypt -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- 8 Recommendations for Future Studies -- References -- Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Using Biofilm Technologies as Cost Effective Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overviews of Wastewater Treatment -- 2.1 Biofilm Treatment Process -- 2.2 Design Features -- 2.3 Biofilm Application Area -- 3 Implementation of Biofilm Technologies (Successful Case Studies) -- 3.1 Case Study: Small Municipal Wastewater Treatment Unit for 200 PE (Application in Tunis) -- 3.2 Case Study 2: Optimization of Modified Septic Tank Wastewater Treatment Performance for Small Scale (Application in Jordan) -- 4 The Demand for Capacity Building in the MENA Region -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendation -- References. , Estimation of the Olive Orchards Water Requirements Using Climatic and Physiological Methods: Case Study (Tunisian Semi-arid) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Relations -- 2.1 Water in the Soil -- 2.2 Soil Water Balance -- 3 Estimation of Water Requirements -- 3.1 Climatic Method: Determination of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) -- 3.2 Physiological Method: Direct Measurement of Transpiration in Olive Trees (Sap Flow) -- 4 Case Study: Estimation of the Olive Orchards Water Requirements Using Climatic and Physiological Methods in the Tunisian Semi-arid -- 4.1 Materials and Methods -- 4.2 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Diagnosis and New Farming Technologies -- Agrarian System Diagnosis in Kerkennah Archipelago, Tunisia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agrarian and Production System Concepts -- 3 Study Area -- 4 Methodological Approach -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Identification of Farmer -- 5.2 General Characteristics of the Production System -- 5.3 Livestock System -- 5.4 Agro-pastoral Forage System -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Precision Farming Technologies to Increase Soil and Crop Productivity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definition of Precision Farming -- 3 Benefits of Precision Farming Technology -- 4 Global Position Systems (GPS) -- 5 Remote Sensing -- 5.1 Satellite and Aerial Photography Remote Sensing for Precision Farming -- 5.2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Precision Farming -- 5.3 Proximal Soil and Crop Sensors for Precision Farming -- 6 Geographic Information System and Precision Farming -- 7 Soil Sampling Techniques for Precision Farming -- 8 Variable Rate Technology (VRT) -- 9 Yield Monitoring System and Mapping -- 10 Site Specific Land Management (SSLM) and Soil Productivity -- 11 Profitability Map of Application Precision Farming Technology. , 12 Conclusions -- 13 Recommendations -- References -- Implementing an Environmental Information System in Data-Scarce Countries: Issues and Guidelines -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Monitoring Models -- 2.1 PSR Model -- 2.2 DSR Model -- 2.3 DPSIR Model -- 3 Environmental Data -- 3.1 Environmental Data Categories -- 3.2 Environmental Data Exchange -- 4 EIS Purpose and Functions -- 4.1 EIS Definition and Functions -- 4.2 EIS Architecture -- 5 EIS Benchmarking -- 5.1 International EIS Overview -- 5.2 Benchmarking Synthesis -- 6 Use Case: EIS in Morocco -- 6.1 Environmental Policy in Morocco -- 6.2 Moroccan EIS -- 6.3 REIS: Are They Operational? -- 7 Guidelines for Implementing Operational EIS in Data-Scarce Countries -- 7.1 Institutional Aspects -- 7.2 Technological Aspects -- 7.3 Aspects Related to Lack or Scarcity of Data -- 8 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Green Spaces for Residential Projects as a Commitment to Environmental Concerns and a Sustainable Development Initiative: Design of a Peri-Urban Park in Casablanca, Morocco -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Landscaping and Land Use Planning in Morocco -- 2.1 Territorial Planning in Morocco -- 2.2 Landscaping in Morocco -- 3 The City of Casablanca: A Metropolis that Suffocates -- 3.1 Urban and Demographic Expansion -- 3.2 Problems and Confrontations of Casablanca city -- 3.3 The Pre-Urban Area and Luxury Housing Projects -- 4 The Casa Diaa Project -- 5 The Park of the Casa Diaa Project -- 5.1 Landscape Analysis -- 5.2 Needs and Objectives -- 5.3 The Design of the Park -- 5.4 The Park: An Added Value -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- The Environment and Sustainable Development in Front of the Artificialisation of the Coastlines: Coasts of Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Location of the Study Site. , 2.2 Agri-Landscape Analysis Parameters -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 The Tunisian Sahel: An Essentially Rural Territory -- 3.2 The City of Sousse: A Linear Development and Marginalization of the Hinterland -- 3.3 A Tourism Sector that Consumes Large Amounts of Space -- 3.4 An Artificialisation of the Coasts and Its Environmental Impact -- 3.5 The Sprawl of Moroccan Coasts -- 3.6 Algeria: Development of Cities on Their Coastal Areas -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Practices for Sustainable Plant and Soil Production -- Sustainable Agriculture in Some Arab Maghreb Countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Impact of Agriculture -- 2.1 Soil Degradation -- 2.2 Pollution of Water -- 2.3 Use of Fresh Water -- 2.4 Air Pollution -- 2.5 Contribution to Climate Change -- 2.6 Loss of Biodiversity -- 3 Reduction of Impacts -- 3.1 The Sustainable Agriculture -- 4 Contribution of Some Maghreb Countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) to Sustainable Agriculture -- 4.1 Morocco -- 4.2 Algeria -- 4.3 Tunisia -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Possibilities of Mineral Fertilizer Substitution Via Bio and Organic Fertilizers for Decreasing Environmental Pollution and Improving of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Vegetative Growth -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Experimental Site -- 2.2 Physical and Chemical Analysis Methods of Soil and Compost -- 2.3 Treatments -- 2.4 Agricultural Practices -- 2.5 Studied Traits -- 2.6 Experimental Design -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Total Chlorophyll Content (%) -- 3.2 The Dry Weight of Whole Plant (g) -- 3.3 The Dry Weight of Shoot (g) -- 3.4 The Dry Weight of Root (g) -- 3.5 The Dry Weight Ratio of Shoot/Root -- 3.6 Leaf Area Ratio (cm2 mg−1) -- 3.7 Absolute Growth Rate (mg day−1) -- 3.8 Unite Shoot Rate (mg mg−1 day−1) -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Recommendations. , References -- Animal and Rangeland Resources in Shalatin-Abou Ramad-Halaib Triangle Region, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Features of Shalatin-Abou Ramad-Halaib Region (SAHTR) -- 3 Animal Production Resources in the SAHTR -- 4 Natural Vegetation and Grazing Resources of the SAHTR -- 5 General Current Features of Animal and Rangeland Resources -- 6 Constraints of Animal/Range Resource Production in the SAHTR -- 7 Factors Affecting Animal and Range Production Resources -- 8 Suggested Polices and Strategies -- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Industrial, Landscape, Touristic and Political Approaches for Agro-environment Sustainability -- Sustainable Mining Site Remediation Under (Semi) Arid Climates in the Middle East and in Northern Africa: The Djebel Ressas Mine in Tunisia as an Example of the Orphaned Mines Issue -- 1 Importance of Sustainable Soil and Land Management -- 2 Targets for Sustainable Soil and Land Management -- 3 Problem: The Orphaned Mine at Djebel Ressas in Tunisia as an Unsolved Issue of Sustainable Land and Soil Management -- 4 Definition of Quality Targets: Qualitative and Quantitative Approach -- 5 Scope for Design: Can There Be a Practical Benefit of Applying Quality Targets to the Brownfield Site Remediation of an Orphaned Mine? -- 6 Solution: What We Can Do to Reach All Three Dimensions of Sustainable Development via the Use of Quality Targets? -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendations -- 9 Buzz Words -- References -- The Agricultural Landscape of Sahel Bizertin: A Heritage in Peril -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Sahel Bizertin: A New Contemporary Resort Area -- 2.1 Presentation of the Site -- 2.2 The Seaside Boom and Urban Development of the Bizerte Sahel -- 3 The Traditional Agricultural Landscapes of the Sahel Bizertin (Identity) -- 3.1 The Gattays of Ghar El Melh. , 3.2 The Planted Terraces of Raf-Raf and the Mixed Cultures of Sounine.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part IIntroduction -- 1 Introduction to "Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Tunisia" -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Themes of the Book -- 1.3 Chapters' Summary -- 1.3.1 Remote Sensing and GIS for Urban and Rural Applications -- 1.3.2 Remote Sensing and GIS for Mapping and Modeling -- 1.3.3 Remote Sensing and GIS for Natural Risks Applications -- 1.3.4 Soil Degradation and Drought -- 1.3.5 Remote Sensing and GIS to Assess and Monitor Dry, Arid and Wetlands -- References -- Part IIRS and GIS for Urban and Rural Applications -- 2 Approaching the Tunisian Human Environment by Using RS and the Dasymetric Method -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Portraying the Density of Population: An Overview of the Methods in Use -- 2.3 The Dasymetric Method -- 2.4 Related Cartographic Literature -- 2.5 Advantages of the Dasymetric Method Applied to the Tunisian Territory -- 2.6 Methodology and Methods Implementation -- 2.7 Results and Discussion -- 2.8 Conclusion -- 2.9 Recommendations -- References -- 3 The Role of GIS as a Planning Tool in a Tunisian Urban Landscape, Sfax City -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 GIS and Planning of Green Spaces -- 3.3 GIS Assessement of Natural Space Planning in Sfax City -- 3.3.1 GIS Assessement of Urban Sprawl and Consumption of Agricultural Spaces in Sfax City -- 3.3.2 GIS Assessment of Green Space Consideration in the Sustainable Development Context -- 3.4 Green Spaces Issues in the Actors' Discourses -- 3.4.1 Complicated Mission of Local Authorities -- 3.4.2 An Active and Influential Civil Society -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 3.6 Recommandations -- References -- 4 Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of the Meskat System Distribution in the Tunisian Sahel Region Using TM Landsat Images -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Meskat System. , 4.3 Recognition of the Meskat System Processing in Tunisian Sahel Region: Thematic Focus and Methodology -- 4.3.1 Study Area -- 4.3.2 Exploitation of Satellite Images -- 4.3.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Results and Discussion -- 4.4.1 Land Use Mapping -- 4.4.2 Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Meskat System -- 4.4.3 Rate of Change of the Meskat System -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 4.6 Recommendations -- References -- 5 Spatial Distribution of Solanum elaeagnifolium in the Tunisian Arid Region Using GIS Tools -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Introducing Concepts and Terms -- 5.2.1 Definitions -- 5.2.2 Biological Invasion Process -- 5.3 Mapping Is an Effective Approach to Manage Invasive Alien Plants -- 5.4 Solanum elaeagnifolium Mapping Using GIS -- 5.4.1 Methodological Approach -- 5.5 Results and Discussion -- 5.5.1 EL Alam Land Cover Mapping in 2014-2015 -- 5.5.2 Solanum elaeagnifolium Spatial Distribution -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 5.7 Recommendations -- References -- 6 PROMETHEE and Geospatial Analysis to Rank Suitable Sites for Grombalia Aquifer Recharge with Reclaimed Water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Method -- 6.2.1 Description of the Study Area -- 6.2.2 Methodology -- 6.2.3 Calculation of Surface Needed for Aquifer Recharge -- 6.3 Results and Discussions -- 6.3.1 Spatial Datasets Used -- 6.3.2 Constraints Layer -- 6.3.3 Suitable Sites Ranking -- 6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Part IIIRS and GIS for Mapping and Modeling -- 7 Using RS and GIS to Mapping Land Cover of the Cap Bon (Tunisia) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Objectives of the Present Study -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.4 Documents Used -- 7.5 The Cap Bon as an Application Field -- 7.5.1 Overview of the Study Area -- 7.5.2 Model Space for a Better Understanding -- 7.5.3 The Conceptual, Logical and Physical Data Model -- 7.6 Creation of the Geodatabase -- 7.6.1 The Structure of the Geodatabase. , 7.6.2 The Image Processing and Loading of Datasets -- 7.6.3 The Implementation of the Geodatabase -- 7.7 Multiscalar Mapping of Land Cover and Land Use -- 7.7.1 Level 1 Mapping of the Land Cover and Land Use: Across the Cap Bon -- 7.7.2 Mapping Level 2 of the Land Cover and Land Use: Across the Plain of Grombalia -- 7.7.3 Mapping Level 3 of the Land Cover and Land Use: Local Delegation of Soliman -- 7.8 Conclusion -- 7.9 Recommendations -- References -- 8 A GIS Based DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC and SI Methods to Assess Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution: Case Study of Oued Laya (Central Tunisia) -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Assessment of Vulnerability of Shallow Aquifer to Pollution and Methodology -- 8.2.1 Study Area -- 8.2.2 Methodology -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Thematic Maps Presentation -- 8.4 Standard DRASTIC Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.5 Pesticide DRASTIC Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.6 SI Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.7 Standard DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC and SI Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.8 Conclusion -- 8.9 Recommendations -- References -- Part IVRS and GIS for Natural Risks Applications -- 9 Mapping Environmental Risk Degradation Under Climate Stress and Anthropogenic Pressure: Case Study of Abdeladim Watershed, Tunisia -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methodological Framework -- 9.2.1 GIS: The Study's Relevance to Agricultural Productivity -- 9.2.2 The Steps of the Work -- 9.3 Conceptual and Methodological Framework -- 9.3.1 Sensitivity and Potential Sensitivity to Degradation: The Study's Interest in Preserving Agricultural Productivity -- 9.4 Abdeladim Watershed: A Fragile Natural Balanced Environment Undergoing Significant Anthropic Pressure -- 9.5 Trends in the Evolution of the River System/Hydrographic Network -- 9.5.1 Linear Erosion -- 9.5.2 Regressive Erosion -- 9.5.3 Lateral Erosion. , 9.6 Potential Sensitivity to Degradation -- 9.6.1 Potential Sensitivity to Agricultural Land Degradation to Soil Quality Degradation -- 9.6.2 Sensitivity of Sloping Agricultural Land to Degradation by Soil Loss -- 9.6.3 Sensitivity to Watercourse Erosion Degradation -- 9.7 Measures to Combat the  Degradation of Agricultural Lands -- 9.7.1 The Extension of Information -- 9.7.2 Control of Potential Soil Quality Degradation -- 9.7.3 Control of Potential Degradation by Loss of Soil -- 9.7.4 Control of Potential Degradation by Stormwater -- 9.8 Discussions -- 9.9 Conclusion -- 9.10 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Risk Assessment in Monastir, Tunisia -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Case Study: Monastir, Tunisia -- 10.3 Methodology -- 10.3.1 Conceptual Risk Framework -- 10.3.2 Workflow -- 10.3.3 Data Acquisition and Development of a Geodatabase -- 10.3.4 Land Use/Land Cover Analysis Based on the Urban Atlas Standard -- 10.3.5 Hazard Analysis -- 10.3.6 Exposure Analysis -- 10.3.7 Vulnerability and Integrated Risk Assessment -- 10.4 Results -- 10.4.1 Flash Floods and Coastal Erosion in Monastir -- 10.4.2 Exposure to Flash Floods -- 10.4.3 Social Vulnerability and Flash Flood Risk -- 10.4.4 Web-Based Information System -- 10.5 Discussion and Lessons Learned -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part VSoil Degradation and Drought -- 11 Monitoring of Land Use-Land Cover Changes and Assessment of Soil Degradation Using Landsat TM and OLI Data in Zarzis Arid Region -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.2.1 Study Area -- 11.2.2 Land Degradation Constraints -- 11.2.3 Landsat Image Processing -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.3.1 ISOCLUST Classification -- 11.3.2 Land Use and Land Cover Maps of 2007 -- 11.3.3 Land Use and Land Cover of 2014 -- 11.3.4 Change Analysis Using the Land Change Modeler Tool. , 11.4 Conclusions -- 11.5 Recommendations -- References -- 12 Drought Assessment in Tunisia by Time-Series Satellite Images: An Ecohydrologic Approach -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Principles of the Ecohydrology -- 12.3 Remote Sensing Integration in Ecohydrological Approaches -- 12.3.1 Overview of Remote Sensing Principles -- 12.3.2 Concepts of Remote Sensing Uses in Ecohydrology -- 12.4 Humidity Canopy Assessment at the Ecoregion Level -- 12.5 Ecohydrology Equilibrium Assessment by Remote Sensing -- 12.5.1 Water Balance Modelling with Times-Series LAI-MODIS -- 12.5.2 Water Stress Index Effect on Ecohydrologic Equilibrium -- 12.6 Data Quality of MODIS -- 12.6.1 Calibration of LAI-MODIS -- 12.6.2 Quality Assessment of MODIS Time-Series Images -- 12.7 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Part VIRS and GIS to Assess and Monitor Dry, Arid and Wetlands -- 13 Monitoring of Dryland Vulnerability by Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Processing: Case of Wadi Bouhamed Watershed (Southern Tunisia) -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Global Overview of Dryland Degradation -- 13.2.1 Erosion -- 13.2.2 Desertification -- 13.2.3 Factors Affecting Land Degradation -- 13.3 Modeling and Mapping Land Degradation -- 13.3.1 Image Transformations -- 13.3.2 Image Classifications -- 13.4 Study Area: The Wadi Bouhamed Watershed -- 13.4.1 Climate Context of the Studied Area -- 13.4.2 Vegetation Cover -- 13.4.3 Slope -- 13.4.4 Human Issues -- 13.4.5 Soil Conservation Management -- 13.5 Land Degradation Over the Watershed of Wadi Bouhamed -- 13.5.1 Methods and Multi-sources Data -- 13.5.2 Land Uses Changes in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by Image Classification -- 13.5.3 Vegetation Cover in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by NDVI -- 13.5.4 Soils Distribution in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by Brightness Index -- 13.6 Conclusions -- 13.7 Recommendations. , References.