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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in the Total Solar Irradiance and climatic effects
    EDP Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate Vol. 11 ( 2021), p. 40-
    Details
    In: Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, EDP Sciences, Vol. 11 ( 2021), p. 40-
    Abstract: The correlation between the averaged reconstructed March temperature record for Kyoto, Japan, and the reconstructed Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) over 660 years from 1230 to 1890 gives evidence with 98% probability that the Little Ice Age with four cold periods is forced by variations of TSI. If the correlation is restricted to the period 1650–1890, with two cold periods in the 17th and 19th century and for which two independent reconstructed March temperature records are available, the probability of solar forcing increases to 99.99%. As solar irradiance variations have a global effect there has to be a global climatic solar forcing impact. However, by how much global temperature were lower during these minima and with what amplitude TSI was varying is not accurately known. The two quantities, global temperature and TSI, are linked by the energy equilibrium equation for the Earth system. The derivation of this equation with respect to a variation of the solar irradiance has two terms: A direct forcing term, which can be derived analytically and quantified accurately from the Stefan-Boltzmann law, and a second term, describing indirect influences on the surface temperature. If a small TSI variation should force a large temperature variation, then it has to be the second indirect term that strongly amplifies the effect of the direct forcing. The current knowledge is summarized by three statements: During the minima periods in the 13th, 15/16th, 17th, and 19th centuries the terrestrial climate was colder by 0.5–1.5 °C; Indirect Top-down and Bottom-up mechanisms do not amplify direct forcing by a large amount, i.e. indirect solar forcing is of the same magnitude (or smaller) as direct solar forcing; The radiative output of the Sun cannot be lower by more than 2 Wm −2 below the measured present-day TSI value during solar cycle minimum. These three statements contradict each other and it is concluded that at least one is not correct. Which one is a wrong statement is presently not known conclusively. It is argued that it is the third statement and it is speculated that over centennial time scales the Sun might vary its radiance significantly more than observed so far during the last 40 years of space TSI measurements. To produce Maunder minimum type cold climate excursions, a TSI decrease of the order of 10 Wm −2 is advocated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2115-7251
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2021016
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628166-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Die Industriestatistik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    JSTOR ; 1968
    In:  Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 1968), p. 105-
    Details
    In: Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute, JSTOR, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 1968), p. 105-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0373-1138
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/1401352
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1968
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2191346-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2191340-7
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  • 3
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    Modeling of the atmospheric response to a strong decrease of the solar activity
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Vol. 7, No. S286 ( 2011-10), p. 215-224
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 7, No. S286 ( 2011-10), p. 215-224
    Abstract: We estimate the consequences of a potential strong decrease of the solar activity using the model simulations of the future driven by pure anthropogenic forcing as well as its combination with different solar activity related factors: total solar irradiance, spectral solar irradiance, energetic electron precipitation, solar protons and galactic cosmic rays. The comparison of the model simulations shows that introduced strong decrease of solar activity can lead to some delay of the ozone recovery and partially compensate greenhouse warming acting in the direction opposite to anthropogenic effects. The model results also show that all considered solar forcings are important in different atmospheric layers and geographical regions. However, in the global scale the solar irradiance variability can be considered as the most important solar forcing. The obtained results constitute probably the upper limit of the possible solar influence. Development of the better constrained set of future solar forcings is necessary to address the problem of future climate and ozone layer with more confidence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1743-9213 , 1743-9221
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1743921312004863
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170724-8
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 4
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    Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Database Vol. 2019 ( 2019-01-01)
    Details
    In: Database, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 2019 ( 2019-01-01)
    Abstract: Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-0463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/database/baz085
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2496706-3
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  • 5
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    The Solar Orbiter EUI instrument: The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 642 ( 2020-10), p. A8-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 642 ( 2020-10), p. A8-
    Abstract: Context. The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) is part of the remote sensing instrument package of the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission that will explore the inner heliosphere and observe the Sun from vantage points close to the Sun and out of the ecliptic. Solar Orbiter will advance the “connection science” between solar activity and the heliosphere. Aims. With EUI we aim to improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere, globally as well as at high resolution, and from high solar latitude perspectives. Methods. The EUI consists of three telescopes, the Full Sun Imager and two High Resolution Imagers, which are optimised to image in Lyman- α and EUV (17.4 nm, 30.4 nm) to provide a coverage from chromosphere up to corona. The EUI is designed to cope with the strong constraints imposed by the Solar Orbiter mission characteristics. Limited telemetry availability is compensated by state-of-the-art image compression, onboard image processing, and event selection. The imposed power limitations and potentially harsh radiation environment necessitate the use of novel CMOS sensors. As the unobstructed field of view of the telescopes needs to protrude through the spacecraft’s heat shield, the apertures have been kept as small as possible, without compromising optical performance. This led to a systematic effort to optimise the throughput of every optical element and the reduction of noise levels in the sensor. Results. In this paper we review the design of the two elements of the EUI instrument: the Optical Bench System and the Common Electronic Box. Particular attention is also given to the onboard software, the intended operations, the ground software, and the foreseen data products. Conclusions. The EUI will bring unique science opportunities thanks to its specific design, its viewpoint, and to the planned synergies with the other Solar Orbiter instruments. In particular, we highlight science opportunities brought by the out-of-ecliptic vantage point of the solar poles, the high-resolution imaging of the high chromosphere and corona, and the connection to the outer corona as observed by coronagraphs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201936663
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 6
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    The Solar Orbiter EUI instrument: The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (Corrigendum)
    EDP Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 665 ( 2022-9), p. C1-
    Details
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 665 ( 2022-9), p. C1-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201936663e
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    US 1090
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 7
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    The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2007
    In:  Science Vol. 318, No. 5848 ( 2007-10-12), p. 245-250
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 318, No. 5848 ( 2007-10-12), p. 245-250
    Abstract: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the ∼120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1143609
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 8
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    Slow Solar Wind Connection Science during Solar Orbiter’s First Close Perihelion Passage
    American Astronomical Society ; 2023
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Vol. 267, No. 1 ( 2023-07-01), p. 11-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 267, No. 1 ( 2023-07-01), p. 11-
    Abstract: The Slow Solar Wind Connection Solar Orbiter Observing Plan (Slow Wind SOOP) was developed to utilize the extensive suite of remote-sensing and in situ instruments on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission to answer significant outstanding questions regarding the origin and formation of the slow solar wind. The Slow Wind SOOP was designed to link remote-sensing and in situ measurements of slow wind originating at open–closed magnetic field boundaries. The SOOP ran just prior to Solar Orbiter’s first close perihelion passage during two remote-sensing windows (RSW1 and RSW2) between 2022 March 3–6 and 2022 March 17–22, while Solar Orbiter was at respective heliocentric distances of 0.55–0.51 and 0.38–0.34 au from the Sun. Coordinated observation campaigns were also conducted by Hinode and IRIS. The magnetic connectivity tool was used, along with low-latency in situ data and full-disk remote-sensing observations, to guide the target pointing of Solar Orbiter. Solar Orbiter targeted an active region complex during RSW1, the boundary of a coronal hole, and the periphery of a decayed active region during RSW2. Postobservation analysis using the magnetic connectivity tool, along with in situ measurements from MAG and SWA/PAS, showed that slow solar wind originating from two out of three of the target regions arrived at the spacecraft with velocities between ∼210 and 600 km s −1 . The Slow Wind SOOP, despite presenting many challenges, was very successful, providing a blueprint for planning future observation campaigns that rely on the magnetic connectivity of Solar Orbiter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-0049 , 1538-4365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/acd24b
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006860-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207650-5
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 9
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    The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 〈i〉past1000〈/i〉 simulations
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Geoscientific Model Development Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2017-11-07), p. 4005-4033
    Details
    In: Geoscientific Model Development, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2017-11-07), p. 4005-4033
    Abstract: Abstract. The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too different from today, and to discriminate between forced and internally generated variability on interannual to centennial timescales. This paper describes the motivation and the experimental set-ups for the PMIP4-CMIP6 past1000 simulations, and discusses the forcing agents orbital, solar, volcanic, and land use/land cover changes, and variations in greenhouse gas concentrations. The past1000 simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium from 850 Common Era (CE) to 1849 CE have to be complemented by historical simulations (1850 to 2014 CE) following the CMIP6 protocol. The external forcings for the past1000 experiments have been adapted to provide a seamless transition across these time periods. Protocols for the past1000 simulations have been divided into three tiers. A default forcing data set has been defined for the Tier 1 (the CMIP6 past1000) experiment. However, the PMIP community has maintained the flexibility to conduct coordinated sensitivity experiments to explore uncertainty in forcing reconstructions as well as parameter uncertainty in dedicated Tier 2 simulations. Additional experiments (Tier 3) are defined to foster collaborative model experiments focusing on the early instrumental period and to extend the temporal range and the scope of the simulations. This paper outlines current and future research foci and common analyses for collaborative work between the PMIP and the observational communities (reconstructions, instrumental data).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1991-9603
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
    DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2456725-5
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  • 10
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    MLR data to "An Upper-branch Brewer Dobson Circulation index for attribution of stratospheric variability and improved ozone and temperature trend analysis"
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 16, No. 24 ( 2016-12-15), p. 15485-15500
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 24 ( 2016-12-15), p. 15485-15500
    Abstract: Abstract. We find that wintertime temperature anomalies near 4 hPa and 50° N/S are related, through dynamics, to anomalies in ozone and temperature, particularly in the tropical stratosphere but also throughout the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. These mid-latitude anomalies occur on timescales of up to a month, and are related to changes in wave forcing. A change in the meridional Brewer–Dobson circulation extends from the middle stratosphere into the mesosphere and forms a temperature-change quadrupole from Equator to pole. We develop a dynamical index based on detrended, deseasonalised mid-latitude temperature. When employed in multiple linear regression, this index can account for up to 60 % of the total variability of temperature, peaking at  ∼  5 hPa and dropping to 0 at  ∼  50 and  ∼  0.5 hPa, respectively, and increasing again into the mesosphere. Ozone similarly sees up to an additional 50 % of variability accounted for, with a slightly higher maximum and strong altitude dependence, with zero improvement found at 10 hPa. Further, the uncertainty on all equatorial multiple-linear regression coefficients can be reduced by up to 35 and 20 % in temperature and ozone, respectively, and so this index is an important tool for quantifying current and future ozone recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-15485-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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