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Treatment of first-episod psychosis: Efficacy and toleabilty of a long-acting typical antipsychotic 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 B Chiliza, R Schoeman, R Emsey, P Oosthuizen, L KOen, D Niehaus, S Hawkridge 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 7. Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the young child 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Helen Clark 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 8. Holistic/ Alternative treatment in psychiatry: The value of indigenous knowledge systems in cllaboration with moral, ethical and religious approaches in the military services 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 J Dill 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 9. Treating Schizophrenia: Have we got it wrong? 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Robin Emsley 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 10.Terminal questions in the elderly 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Mike Ewart Smith 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 11. Mental Health Policy development and implementation in Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Alan J Flisher, Crick Lund, Michelle Frank, Arvin Bhana, Victor Doku, Natalie Drew, Fred N Kigozi, Martin Knapp, Mayeh Omar, Inge Petersen, Andrew Green andthe MHaPP Research Programme Consortium 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 12. What indicators should be used to monitor progress in scaling uo services for people with mental disorders? 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Lancet Global Mental Health Group (Alan J Flisher, Dan Chisholm, Crick Lund, Vikram Patel, Shokhar Saxena, Graham Thornicroft, Mark Tomlinson) 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 13. Does unipolar mania merit research in South Africa? A look at the literature 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Christoffel Grobler 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 14. Revisiting the Cartesian duality of mind and body 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Oye Gureje 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 15. Child and adolescent psychopharmacology: Current trends and complexities 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 S M Hawkridge 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 16. Integrating mental illness, suicide and religion 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 Volker Hitzeroth 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 17. Cost of acute inpatient mental health care in a 72-hour assessment uniy 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 A B R Janse van Rensburg, W Jassat 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 18. Management of Schizophrenia according to South African standard treatment guidelines 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 A B R Janse van Rensburg 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 19. Structural brain imaging in the clinical management of psychiatric illness 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 F Y Jeenah 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 20. ADHD: Change in symptoms from child to adulthood 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 S A Jeeva, A Turgay 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 21. HIV-Positive psychiatric patients in antiretrovirals 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 G Jonsson, F Y Jeenah, M Y H Moosa 〈 /p 〉 〈 p 〉 〈 strong 〉 22. 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Abstract: Mediterranean Overflow Water was governed by precession‐driven freshwater forcing Ice sheets meltwater modified middepth Atlantic density and forced vertical changes in the settling depth of the MOW in the Atlantic Millennial‐scale climate change interacted with precession to control the Mediterranean overflow during MIS 3 to 5

Abstract: There is an urgent global need for accessible and cost-effective pro-mental health infrastructure. Public green spaces were officially designated in the 19th century, informed by a belief that they might provide health benefits. We outline modern research evidence that greenspace can play a pivotal role in population-level mental health.

Abstract: We present the first speleothem-derived central North Africa rainfall record for the last glacial period. The record reveals three main wet periods at 65-61 ka, 52.5-50.5 ka and 37.5-33 ka that lead obliquity maxima and precession minima. We find additional minor wet episodes that are synchronous with Greenland interstadials. Our results demonstrate that sub-tropical hydrology is forced by both orbital cyclicity and North Atlantic moisture sources. The record shows that after the end of a Saharan wet phase around 70 ka ago, North Africa continued to intermittently receive substantially more rainfall than today, resulting in favourable environmental conditions for modern human expansion. The encounter and subsequent mixture of Neanderthals and modern humans – which, on genetic evidence, is considered to have occurred between 60 and 50 ka – occurred synchronously with the wet phase between 52.5 and 50.5 ka. Based on genetic evidence the dispersal of modern humans into Eurasia started less than 55 ka ago. This may have been initiated by dry conditions that prevailed in North Africa after 50.5 ka. The timing of a migration reversal of modern humans from Eurasia into North Africa is suggested to be coincident with the wet period between 37.5 and 33 ka.

Abstract: Critical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype that we have previously shown 1 to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations 2 . Despite the advanced stage of illness at presentation, we have shown that host genetics in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 can identify immunomodulatory therapies with strong beneficial effects in this group 3 . Here we analyse 24,202 cases of COVID-19 with critical illness comprising a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequencing data from cases of critical illness in the international GenOMICC (11,440 cases) study, combined with other studies recruiting hospitalized patients with a strong focus on severe and critical disease: ISARIC4C (676 cases) and the SCOURGE consortium (5,934 cases). To put these results in the context of existing work, we conduct a meta-analysis of the new GenOMICC genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with previously published data. We find 49 genome-wide significant associations, of which 16 have not been reported previously. To investigate the therapeutic implications of these findings, we infer the structural consequences of protein-coding variants, and combine our GWAS results with gene expression data using a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) model, as well as gene and protein expression using Mendelian randomization. We identify potentially druggable targets in multiple systems, including inflammatory signalling ( JAK1 ), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability ( PDE4A ), immunometabolism ( SLC2A5 and AK5 ), and host factors required for viral entry and replication ( TMPRSS2 and RAB2A ).