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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Operation and performance of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker in LHC Run 2
    IOP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Instrumentation Vol. 17, No. 01 ( 2022-01-01), p. P01013-
    Details
    In: Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 01 ( 2022-01-01), p. P01013-
    Abstract: The semiconductor tracker (SCT) is one of the tracking systems for charged particles in the ATLAS detector. It consists of 4088 silicon strip sensor modules. During Run 2 (2015–2018) the Large Hadron Collider delivered an integrated luminosity of 156 fb -1 to the ATLAS experiment at a centre-of-mass proton-proton collision energy of 13 TeV. The instantaneous luminosity and pile-up conditions were far in excess of those assumed in the original design of the SCT detector. Due to improvements to the data acquisition system, the SCT operated stably throughout Run 2. It was available for 99.9% of the integrated luminosity and achieved a data-quality efficiency of 99.85%. Detailed studies have been made of the leakage current in SCT modules and the evolution of the full depletion voltage, which are used to study the impact of radiation damage to the modules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-0221
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/P01013
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235672-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmaceutical Assessment Suggests Locomotion Hyperactivity in Zebrafish Triggered by Arecoline Might Be Associated with Multiple Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Activation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Toxins Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-04-03), p. 259-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-04-03), p. 259-
    Abstract: Arecoline is one of the nicotinic acid-based alkaloids, which is found in the betel nut. In addition to its function as a muscarinic agonist, arecoline exhibits several adverse effects, such as inducing growth retardation and causing developmental defects in animal embryos, including zebrafish, chicken, and mice. In this study, we aimed to study the potential adverse effects of waterborne arecoline exposure on zebrafish larvae locomotor activity and investigate the possible mechanism of the arecoline effects in zebrafish behavior. The zebrafish behavior analysis, together with molecular docking and the antagonist co-exposure experiment using muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists were conducted. Zebrafish larvae aged 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) of arecoline for 30 min and 24 h, respectively, to find out the effect of arecoline in different time exposures. Locomotor activities were measured and quantified at 120 hpf. The results showed that arecoline caused zebrafish larvae locomotor hyperactivities, even at a very low concentration. For the mechanistic study, we conducted a structure-based molecular docking simulation and antagonist co-exposure experiment to explore the potential interactions between arecoline and eight subtypes, namely, M1a, M2a, M2b, M3a, M3b, M4a, M5a, and M5b, of zebrafish endogenous muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Arecoline was predicted to show a strong binding affinity to most of the subtypes. We also discovered that the locomotion hyperactivity phenotypes triggered by arecoline could be rescued by co-incubating it with M1 to M4 mAChR antagonists. Taken together, by a pharmacological approach, we demonstrated that arecoline functions as a highly potent hyperactivity-stimulating compound in zebrafish that is mediated by multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040259
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OpenBloodFlow: A User-Friendly OpenCV-Based Software Package for Blood Flow Velocity and Blood Cell Count Measurement for Fish Embryos
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 1471-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 1471-
    Abstract: The transparent appearance of fish embryos provides an excellent assessment feature for observing cardiovascular function in vivo. Previously, methods to conduct vascular function assessment were based on measuring blood-flow velocity using third-party software. In this study, we reported a simple software, free of costs and skills, called OpenBloodFlow, which can measure blood flow velocity and count blood cells in fish embryos for the first time. First, videos captured by high-speed CCD were processed for better image stabilization and contrast. Next, the optical flow of moving objects was extracted from the non-moving background in a frame-by-frame manner. Finally, blood flow velocity was calculated by the Gunner Farneback algorithm in Python. Data validation with zebrafish and medaka embryos in OpenBloodFlow was consistent with our previously published ImageJ-based method. We demonstrated consistent blood flow alterations by either OpenBloodFlow or ImageJ in the dorsal aorta of zebrafish embryos when exposed to either phenylhydrazine or ractopamine. In addition, we validated that OpenBloodFlow was able to conduct precise blood cell counting. In this study, we provide an easy and fully automatic programming for blood flow velocity calculation and blood cell counting that is useful for toxicology and pharmacology studies in fish.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11101471
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiple Screening of Pesticides Toxicity in Zebrafish and Daphnia Based on Locomotor Activity Alterations
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-08-23), p. 1224-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-08-23), p. 1224-
    Abstract: Pesticides are widely used to eradicate insects, weed species, and fungi in agriculture. The half-lives of some pesticides are relatively long and may have the dire potential to induce adverse effects when released into the soil, terrestrial and aquatic systems. To assess the potential adverse effects of pesticide pollution in the aquatic environment, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Daphnia magna are two excellent animal models because of their transparent bodies, relatively short development processes, and well-established genetic information. Moreover, they are also suitable for performing high-throughput toxicity assays. In this study, we used both zebrafish larvae and water flea daphnia neonates as a model system to explore and compare the potential toxicity by monitoring locomotor activity. Tested animals were exposed to 12 various types of pesticides (three fungicides and 9 insecticides) for 24 h and their corresponding locomotor activities, in terms of distance traveled, burst movement, and rotation were quantified. By adapting principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis, we were able to minimize data complexity and compare pesticide toxicity based on locomotor activity for zebrafish and daphnia. Results showed distinct locomotor activity alteration patterns between zebrafish and daphnia towards pesticide exposure. The majority of pesticides tested in this study induced locomotor hypo-activity in daphnia neonates but triggered locomotor hyper-activity in zebrafish larvae. According to our PCA and clustering results, the toxicity for 12 pesticides was grouped into two major groups based on all locomotor activity endpoints collected from both zebrafish and daphnia. In conclusion, all pesticides resulted in swimming alterations in both animal models by either producing hypo-activity, hyperactivity, or other changes in swimming patterns. In addition, zebrafish and daphnia displayed distinct sensitivity and response against different pesticides, and the combinational analysis approach by using a phenomic approach to combine data collected from zebrafish and daphnia provided better resolution for toxicological assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom10091224
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biology Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-06-18), p. 548-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-06-18), p. 548-
    Abstract: Artificial sweeteners are widely used food ingredients in beverages and drinks to lower calorie intake which in turn helps prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. However, as their popularity has increased, the release of artificial sweetener to the aquatic environment has also increased at a tremendous rate. Thus, our study aims to systematically explore the potential cardiovascular physiology alterations caused by eight commercial artificial sweeteners, including acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, dulcin, neotame, saccharine and sucralose, at the highest environmentally relevant concentration on cardiovascular performance using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system. Embryonic zebrafish were exposed to the eight artificial sweeteners at 100 ppb and their cardiovascular performance (heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output, heartbeat variability, and blood flow velocity) was measured and compared. Overall, our finding supports the safety of artificial sweetener exposure. However, several finding like a significant increase in the heart rate and heart rate variability after incubation in several artificial sweeteners are noteworthy. Biomarker testing also revealed that saccharine significantly increase the dopamine level in zebrafish larvae, which is might be the reason for the cardiac physiology changes observed after saccharine exposure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology10060548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Establishment of an Immunocompetent Metastasis Rat Model with Hepatocyte Cancer Stem Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-11), p. 3721-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-11), p. 3721-
    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the maintenance, metastasis, and relapse of various tumors. The effects of CSCs on the tumorigenesis of HCC are still not fully understood, however. We have recently established two new rat HCC cell lines HTC and TW-1, which we isolated from diethylnitrosamine-induced rat liver cancer. Results showed that TW-1 expressed the genetic markers of CSCs, including CD133, GSTP1, CD44, CD90, and EpCAM. Moreover, TW-1 showed higher tolerance to sorafenib than HTC did. In addition, tumorigenesis and metastasis were observed in nude mice and wild-type rats with TW-1 xenografts. Finally, we combined highly expressed genes in TW-1/HTC with well-known biomarkers from recent HCC studies to predict HCC-related biomarkers and able to identify HCC with AUCs 〉 0.9 after machine learning. These results indicated that TW-1 was a novel rat CSC line, and the mice or rat models we established with TW-1 has great potential on HCC studies in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123721
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can we use PBS as an alternative to Dextran in Ektacytometric measurement?
    IOS Press ; 1991
    In:  Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 1991), p. 459-464
    Details
    In: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, IOS Press, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 1991), p. 459-464
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1386-0291
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11523
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026405-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The influence of different suspending media on Ektacytometric osmoscan curve
    IOS Press ; 1991
    In:  Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 1991), p. 507-510
    Details
    In: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, IOS Press, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 1991), p. 507-510
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1386-0291
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11528
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026405-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Momordica cochinchinensis Aril Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Modulating Gut Microbiota
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2021-03-05), p. 2640-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2021-03-05), p. 2640-
    Abstract: Obesity and its associated conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a particular worldwide health problem at present. Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) is consumed widely in Southeast Asia. However, whether it has functional effects on fat-induced metabolic syndrome remains unclear. This study was conducted to examine the prevention effect of Momordica cochinchinensis aril (MCA) on obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver and insulin resistance in mice. MCA protected the mice against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced body weight gain, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, compared with mice that were not treated. MCA inhibited the expansion of adipose tissue and adipocyte hypertrophy. In addition, the insulin sensitivity-associated index that evaluates insulin function was also significantly restored. MCA also regulated the secretion of adipokines in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, hepatic fat accumulation and liver damage were reduced, which suggested that fatty liver was prevented by MCA. Furthermore, MCA supplementation suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation by activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) signaling pathway in the human fatty liver HuS-E/2 cell model. Our data indicate that MCA altered the microbial contents of the gut and modulated microbial dysbiosis in the host, and consequently is involved in the prevention of HFD-induced adiposity, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052640
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Helminthostachys zeylanica alleviates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2019-12)
    Abstract: Obesity and its associated health conditions, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are worldwide health problems. It has been shown that insulin resistance is associated with increased hepatic lipid and causes hepatic steatosis through a myriad of mechanisms, including inflammatory signaling. Methods Helminthostachys zeylanica (HZ) is used widely as a common herbal medicine to relieve fever symptoms and inflammatory diseases in Asia. In the present study, we evaluated whether HZ has therapeutic effects on obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. The protective effects of HZ extract were examined using free fatty acid-induced steatosis in human HuS-E/2 cells and a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. Results The major components of the HZ extract are ugonins J and K, confirmed by HPLC. Incubation of human hepatocytes, HuS-E/2 cells, with palmitate markedly increased lipid accumulation and treatment with the HZ extract significantly decreased lipid deposition and facilitated AMPK and ACC activation. After 12 weeks of a high-fat diet with HZ extract treatment, the HFD mice were protected from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. HZ extract prevented body weight gain, adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte hypertrophy in the HFD mice. In addition, fat accumulation was reduced in mice livers. Moreover, the insulin sensitivity-associated index, which evaluates insulin function, was also significantly restored. Conclusions These results suggest that HZ has a promising pharmacological effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, which may have the potential for clinical application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6882
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2782-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050429-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3037610-5
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