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  • 1
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    Summertime precipitation deficits in the southern Peruvian highlands since 1964
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 39, No. 11 ( 2019-09), p. 4497-4513
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 11 ( 2019-09), p. 4497-4513
    Abstract: Precipitation deficits remain a concern to the rural population in the southern Peruvian highlands and knowledge about their occurrence is lacking because of scarce data availability. For mountainous regions with sparse station networks, reanalyses can provide valuable information; however, known limitations in reproducing precipitation are aggravated due to unresolved topographical effects. In this study, we assess in a first step the representation of precipitation during the rainy season (January–February–March) in seven reanalysis data sets in comparison to a newly generated gridded precipitation data set for Peru. In a second step, we assess summer precipitation deficits in Peru during the second half of the 20th century. In the reanalyses data sets, we find biases strongly influenced by the topography of the models and low correlations for the rainy season. Thus, reanalyses do not solve the problem of data scarcity for this region either. Furthermore, we confirm that El Niño is not a sufficient stratification criterion for precipitation deficits during the rainy season (JFM) in the southern Peruvian highlands. Based on observational records and reanalyses, a considerable fraction of inter‐annual variability of precipitation can be explained through upper‐tropospheric zonal wind anomalies. Westerly wind anomalies, often related to the warming of the troposphere during an El Niño event, lead to dry conditions, but not all El Niño events produce these westerly wind anomalies. Atmospheric simulations indicate differences between precipitation deficits in central Pacific and eastern Pacific El Niño flavours, which cannot be addressed in observations due to reduced record length: Droughts in the southern Peruvian Andes during eastern Pacific El Niño events seem to be related to a stronger warming in the troposphere above the central Pacific ocean, whereas this is not the case for droughts during central Pacific El Niño events. These results, however, need to be further corroborated by model studies and palaeoclimatological research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v39.11
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.6087
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
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  • 2
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    A Simplified PET/CT Measurement Routine with Excellent Diagnostic Accuracy for the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-17), p. 728-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-17), p. 728-
    Abstract: We previously proposed standard uptake value (SUV) ratio-based cut-off values for [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for diagnosing giant cell arteritis (GCA) with high diagnostic accuracy. Here we confirm our findings in an independent cohort and report a simplified procedure for using a SUV ratio to diagnose LV-GCA. Patients with suspected GCA were consecutively included. The ‘peak SUV ratio’ was defined in a two-step approach. First, the vessel with the visually brightest radiotracer uptake in the supra-aortic (SA) and in the aorto-iliofemoral (AIF) region was identified. Here, the maximum SUV of the vessel was measured and divided by the mean SUV of the liver (SUVratio). A ratio 〉 1.0 in the SA or 〉 1.3 in the AIF region was scored as vasculitis. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the ‘peak SUV ratio’ in the SA and AIF region was assessed. From 2015 to 2019, 50 patients (24 female, median age 71 years) with suspicion of GCA were included, 28 patients with GCA and 22 patients with exclusion of GCA. Peak SUV had an AUC of 0.91, a sensitivity of 0.89, and a specificity of 0.73 for diagnosing GCA. Peak SUV accuracy of the AIF arteries was lower (AUC 0.81) than of the SA arteries (AUC 0.95). Our SUV ratio cut-off values for diagnosing GCA are consistently valid, also when applied in a time-efficient clinical procedure focusing on the peak SUV ratio. The diagnostic performance of PET/CT in this validation cohort was even higher, compared to the inception cohort (AUC of 0.83).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030728
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
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    18F-FDG PET/CT compared with ultrasound and biopsy for detection of vasculitis of the temporal artery branches
    SMW Supporting Association ; 2021
    In:  Swiss Medical Weekly Vol. 151, No. 2324 ( 2021-06-23), p. w20512-
    Details
    In: Swiss Medical Weekly, SMW Supporting Association, Vol. 151, No. 2324 ( 2021-06-23), p. w20512-
    Abstract: AIMS To describe the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) of the temporal artery compared with temporal artery ultrasound and histology of the temporal artery in patients with suspicion of having giant cell arteritis (GCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with suspected GCA were included. PET/CT standard uptake value ratios and the compression sign on ultrasound were assessed for the trunk, and parietal and frontal branches of the temporal artery. Temporal artery biopsies were systematically re-assessed, if available. RESULTS In 17/34 patients, GCA was confirmed. Temporal artery PET/CT confirmed vasculitis in 9/17 patients and was negative in all 17 controls. Nineteen of 34 subjects had a temporal artery biopsy, which was positive in 7 patients. Five of these seven were negative in the preceding PET/CT. Ultrasound confirmed vasculitis in 9/17 patients and was negative in 16/17 controls. In 7/17 patients, PET/CT and ultrasound were positive for temporal arteritis. Two patients had positive findings only on temporal artery PET/CT and two patients showed vasculitis only on temporal artery ultrasound. No temporal artery segments 〈 1.4 mm were positive on PET/CT. The parietal branches were PET/CT-positive in two patients only. In contrast, on ultrasound vasculitic findings were equally distributed amongst all branches. Sensitivity and specificity for identification of temporal artery involvement was 53% and 100% for PET/CT, and 53% and 94% for ultrasound, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of the temporal artery with PET/CT is a valuable extension in the diagnostic workup for GCA. PET/CT and ultrasound have comparable diagnostic accuracy, but differ on a segment and a patient level and may thus be used as complementary tests. PET/CT has a lower sensitivity for the parietal branch than ultrasound and histology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-3997
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4414/smw.2021.20512
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: SMW Supporting Association
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031164-3
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  • 4
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    Prior polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with sonographic vasculitic changes in newly diagnosed patients with giant cell arteritis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Rheumatology ( 2023-08-30)
    Details
    In: Rheumatology, Oxford University Press (OUP), ( 2023-08-30)
    Abstract: To investigate the hypothesis that a history of PMR is associated with a more severe and damaging disease course in newly diagnosed GCA patients. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of GCA patients diagnosed between December 2006 and May 2021. We compared vascular ultrasound findings (presence of vasculitis and vascular stenosis) in GCA patients with and without prior PMR. Results Forty-nine of 311 GCA patients (15.8%) had prior PMR in a median of 30.6 (IQR 7.1–67.3) months before GCA diagnosis. Patients with prior PMR more often had large vessel vasculitis (LVV) (51.0% vs 25.0%, P  & lt; 0.001) and stenosis within the vasculitic segments (18.4% vs 3.1%, P  & lt; 0.001) on ultrasound. In multivariable analysis, prior PMR remained significantly associated with LVV (odds ratio 7.65, 95% CI: 2.72, 23.97, P  & lt; 0.001). Polymyalgic symptoms at GCA diagnosis in the patients without prior PMR were not associated with a higher prevalence of LVV (P = 0.156). Conclusion Patients with a diagnosis of PMR before GCA diagnosis had two times more often large vessel involvement and significant more vasculitic stenoses on ultrasound examination than patients without prior PMR. Pre-existing PMR is an independent risk factor for more extensive and advanced ultrasound findings at GCA diagnosis. The contribution of subclinical vasculitis to disease associated damage should be further studied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-0324 , 1462-0332
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead450
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474143-X
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  • 5
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    The rainy season in the Southern Peruvian Andes: A climatological analysis based on the new Climandes index
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2023-05), p. 3005-3022
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2023-05), p. 3005-3022
    Abstract: The rainy season is of high importance for livelihoods in the Southern Peruvian Andes (SPA), especially for agriculture, which is mainly rain fed and one of the main income sources in the region. Therefore, knowledge and predictions of the rainy season such as its onset and ending are crucial for planning purposes. However, such information is currently not readily available for the local population. Moreover, an evaluation of existing rainy season indices shows that they are not optimally suited for the SPA and may not be directly applicable in a forecasting context. Therefore, we develop a new index, named Climandes index, which is tailored to the SPA and designed to be of use for operational monitoring and forecasting purposes. Using this index, we analyse the climatology and trends of the rainy season in the SPA. We find that the rainy season starts roughly between September and January with durations between 3 and 8 months. Both onset and duration show a pronounced northeast‐southwest gradient, regions closer to the Amazon Basin have a considerably longer rainy season. The inter‐annual variability of the onset is very high, that is, 2–5 months depending on the station, while the end of the rainy season shows a much lower variability (i.e., 1.5–3 months). The spatial patterns of total precipitation amount and dry spells within the rainy season are only weakly related to its timing. Trends in rainy season characteristics since 1965 are mostly weak and not significant, but generally indicate a tendency towards a shortening of the rainy season in the whole study area due to a later onset and an increase in precipitation sums during the rainy season in the northwestern study area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v43.6
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.8013
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
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    Statistical reconstruction of daily temperature and sea level pressure in Europe for the severe winter 1788/89
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Climate of the Past Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 2545-2565
    Details
    In: Climate of the Past, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 2545-2565
    Abstract: Abstract. The winter 1788/89 was one of the coldest winters Europe had witnessed in the past 300 years. Fortunately, for historical climatologists, this extreme event occurred at a time when many stations across Europe, both private and as part of coordinated networks, were making quantitative observations of the weather. This means that several dozen early instrumental series are available to carry out an in-depth study of this severe cold spell. While there have been attempts to present daily spatial information for this winter, there is more to be done to understand the weather variability and day-to-day processes that characterised this weather extreme. In this study, we seek to reconstruct daily spatial high-resolution temperature and sea level pressure fields of the winter 1788/89 in Europe from November through February. The reconstruction is performed with an analogue resampling method (ARM) that uses both historical instrumental data and a weather type classification. Analogue reconstructions are then post-processed through an ensemble Kalman fitting (EnKF) technique. Validation experiments show good skill for both reconstructed variables, which manage to capture the dynamics of the extreme in relation to the large-scale circulation. These results are promising for more such studies to be undertaken, focusing on different extreme events and other regions in Europe and perhaps even further back in time. The dataset presented in this study may be of sufficient quality to allow historians to better assess the environmental and social impacts of the harsh weather.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1814-9332
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-18-2545-2022
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-18-2545-2022-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2217985-9
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  • 7
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    Twinning SENAMHI and MeteoSwiss to co-develop climate services for the agricultural sector in Peru
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Climate Services Vol. 20 ( 2020-12), p. 100195-
    Details
    In: Climate Services, Elsevier BV, Vol. 20 ( 2020-12), p. 100195-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2405-8807
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100195
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2858351-6
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  • 8
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    Intercomparisons, error assessments, and technical information on historical upper-air measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-06-03), p. 2471-2485
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-06-03), p. 2471-2485
    Abstract: Abstract. Upper-air data form the backbone of weather analysis and reanalysis products, particularly in the pre-satellite era. However, they are particularly prone to errors and uncertainties, especially data from the early days of aerology. Information that allows us to better characterize the errors of radiosonde data is important. This paper reports on an attempt to collect data from historical upper-air intercomparisons and from historical error assessments reaching back to the 1930s. The digitized numerical data will be made available through Copernicus Climate Change Services; here we publish the full information that includes images, literature, and other metadata that may be relevant and can be used to inform homogenization approaches or reanalysis production. The data collection described in this paper is available on PANGAEA: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.925860 (Imfeld et al., 2021).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-13-2471-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2475469-9
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  • 9
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    Long delay from symptom onset to first consultation contributes to permanent vision loss in patients with giant cell arteritis: a cohort study
    BMJ ; 2023
    In:  RMD Open Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. e002866-
    Details
    In: RMD Open, BMJ, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. e002866-
    Abstract: To characterise factors associated with permanent vision loss (PVL) and potential reasons for the therapeutic delay contributing to PVL in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods Retrospective analysis of GCA patients diagnosed at the University Hospital Basel between December 2006 and May 2021. Results Of 282 patients with GCA (64% females), 49 (17.4%) experienced PVL. In 43/49 (87.8%) PVL occurred before treatment. Of these, 24 (55.8%) patients had first non-ocular symptoms and eventually sought consultation when PVL occurred in a median of 21 (IQR 14.75–31.0) days after the first symptoms. Only five of the 24 patients had consulted a physician before PVL, but GCA diagnosis was missed. Treatment was initiated rapidly after diagnosis (median 1 day (IQR 0.0–7.0)). PVL on therapy occurred in six patients in a median of 40 (IQR 20.5–67.3) days after treatment started. In two of those, glucocorticoids were tapered too quickly. In multivariable analysis, patients with PVL were older (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.29, p=0.001) and reported more frequently jaw claudication (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.02 to 13.16, p=0.051). PVL was present in 18 (42.9%) of the 42 patients with vasculitic ultrasound findings in all six temporal artery segments. The incidence of PVL over 15 years did not decline (Spearman rank=0.3, p=0.68). Conclusion The prevalence of GCA-associated PVL remains high. Associated factors were advanced age, jaw claudication and ultrasound findings consistent with vasculitis in all six temporal artery segments. Despite preceding non-ocular GCA symptoms weeks before the onset of PVL, most patients were not seen by a rheumatologist before PVL occurred.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2056-5933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002866
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2812592-7
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  • 10
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    Rapid glucocorticoid tapering regimen in patients with giant cell arteritis: a single centre cohort study
    BMJ ; 2023
    In:  RMD Open Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-07), p. e003301-
    Details
    In: RMD Open, BMJ, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-07), p. e003301-
    Abstract: We evaluated the feasibility of a rapid glucocorticoid tapering regimen to reduce glucocorticoid exposure in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) treated with glucocorticoids only. Methods Newly diagnosed patients with GCA treated with a planned 26-week glucocorticoid tapering regimen at the University Hospital Basel were included. Data on relapses, cumulative steroid doses (CSD) and therapy-related adverse effects were collected from patients’ records. Results Of 47 patients (64% women, median age 72 years), 32 patients (68%) had relapsed. Most relapses were minor (28/32) and 2/3 of those were isolated increased inflammatory markers (19/32). Among major relapses, one resulted in permanent vision loss. The median time until relapse was 99 days (IQR 71–127) and median glucocorticoid dose at relapse was 8 mg (IQR 5–16). Nine of 47 patients stopped glucocorticoids after a median duration of 35 weeks and did not relapse within 1 year. Median CSD at 12 months was 4164 mg which is lower compared with published data. Glucocorticoid-associated adverse effects occurred in 40% of patients, most frequently were new onset or worsening hypertension (19%), diabetes (11%) and severe infections (11%). Conclusion We could demonstrate that 32% of patients remained relapse-free and 19% off glucocorticoids at 1 year after treatment with a rapid glucocorticoid tapering regimen. Most relapses were minor and could be handled with temporarily increased glucocorticoid doses. Consequently, the CSD at 12 months was much lower than reported in published cohorts. Thus, further reducing treatment-associated damage in patients with GCA by decreasing CSD seems to be possible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2056-5933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003301
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2812592-7
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