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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Singapore
    Keywords: Cytology ; Cytology ; Neurosciences ; Human physiology ; Biochemistry ; Human physiology ; Biochemistry ; Neurosciences ; Cell biology. ; Metabolism physiology ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Metabolic Diseases physiopathology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena physiology ; Signal Transduction physiology
    Description / Table of Contents: This book systemically describes the mechanisms underlying the neural regulation of metabolism. Metabolic diseases, including obesity and its associated conditions, currently affect more than 500 million people worldwide. Recent research has shown that the neural regulation of metabolism is a central mechanism that controls metabolic status physiologically and pathophysiologically. The book first introduces the latest studies on the neural and cellular mechanisms of hypothalamic neurons, hypothalamic glial cells, neural circuitries, cellular signaling pathways, and synaptic plasticity in the control of appetite, body weight, feeding-related behaviors and metabolic disorders. It then summarizes the humoral mechanisms by which critical adipocyte-derived hormones and lipoprotein lipase regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, and examines the role of the hypothalamus-sympathetic nerve, a critical nerve pathway from CNS to peripheral nervous system (PNS), in the regulation of metabolism in multiple tissues/organs. Furthermore, the book discusses the functions of adipose tissue in energy metabolism. Lastly, it explores dietary interventions to treat neural diseases and some of the emerging technologies used to study the neural regulation of metabolism. Presenting cutting-edge developments in the neural regulation of metabolism, the book is a valuable reference resource for graduate students and researchers in the field of neuroscience and metabolism
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 233 p. 30 illus., 21 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9789811312861
    Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1090
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan US
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (262 pages)
    ISBN: 9789811949531
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1794-1796 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We discuss the design and fabrication of an all-dielectric thin-film polarizer that is compatible with existing planar technologies. This polarizer consists of a stack of quarter-wave biaxial layers. Each quarter-wave layer is formed by reactive electron-beam evaporation, using a bideposition technique that causes a columnar structure to grow perpendicular to the substrate, produces large normal-incidence linear birefringence, and avoids thickness wedging that is inherent in tilted-columnar biaxial layers. p-polarized light that is incident on the polarizer encounters an index-matched stack and is transmitted, whereas s-polarized light is rejected by a coexisting high-reflectance stack. A fabrication figure-of-merit of ten film periods per decade in the extinction ratio has been achieved in practice for a titanium oxide/tantalum oxide polarizer. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 51 (2006), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) exist in insects and are encoded by multigene families that are expressed in the brain and other tissues. Upon secretion, these peptides likely serve as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors, but to date, few direct functions have been demonstrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, molecular genetic studies have revealed elements of a conserved insulin signaling pathway, and as in other animal models, it appears to play a key role in metabolism, growth, reproduction, and aging. This review offers (a) an integrated summary of the efforts to characterize the distribution of ILPs in insects and to define this pathway and its functions in Drosophila and (b) a few considerations for future studies of ILP endocrinology in insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 161 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: The murine B-lymphocyte differentiation antigen BP-1 /6C3, a homodimeric integral membrane protein composed of M, 140,000 sub-units, has been identified as glutamyl aminopeptidase (EAR EC 3,4. 11.7). This ecto-enzyme cleaves acidic amino acid residues from the amino terminal of polypeptide substrates such as angiotensin II and cholecystoki-nin-8. Although BP-1/6C3/EAP is expressed by cells in many tissues, among hematopoietic cell lineages this ecto-enzyme is restricted to immature B-lineage cells where its expression is upregulated by interleukin-7 and viral transformation, BP-1/6C3/EAP thus serves as a valuable marker of progression along the B-cell differentiation pathway, but a corresponding biological role has not yet been established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 189 (1998), S. 9-17 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: sarcoplasmic reticulum ; calcium uptake ; ryanodine ; thapsigargin ; cyclopiazonic acid ; heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thapsigargin is a natural product that specifically inhibits all known SERCA calcium pumps with high affinity. We investigated the effects of thapsigargin on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by measuring the oxalate-supported calcium uptake rate in the unfractionated homogenate and in the isolated SR fraction. The uptake rate in both the isolated SR and unfractionated homogenate are stimulated about two-fold by preincubation with high concentrations of ryanodine, which closes the SR efflux channel. Thapsigargin stoichiometrically and completely inhibited the calcium uptake rate in the isolated SR, both in the presence and absence of SR channel blockade. In contrast, thapsigargin nearly completely inhibited the homogenate calcium uptake only in the absence of SR channel blockade; in the presence of blockade, about 20% of the uptake activity was insensitive to thapsigargin. This result unmasks a thapsigargin-insensitive, ryanodine-sensitive component of calcium uptake in the heart. This activity is in an oxalate-permeable pool and is inhibited by cyclopiazonic acid, another inhibitor of the SERCA calcium pumps. There was no TG-insensitive activity in the rat EDL muscle homogenate. The absence of thapsigargin-insensitive uptake activity in the isolated SR can be attributed to its inactivation during the isolation of the SR. The oxalate permeability and ryanodine sensitivity suggest that the TG-insensitive calcium uptake activity is closely related to the classical SR. The different thapsigargin sensitivities suggests the existence of two kinds of intracellular calcium pumps in the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 4 (1988), S. 541-548 
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The generalized cell mapping method used in solving non-linear dynamical systems is also a powerful means of determining the state volume in which strange attractors reside. Several methods of refining the size of cells are proposed in this paper. With the aid of these methods it is possible to describe the shape of a strange attractor in however much detail is required. Any part of the cell state space can be enlarged by the suggested zoom technique when the finte structure of this strange attractor is going to be studied. By using the limiting probability distribution calculated from the persistent group, the statistical meaning of the attractor is revealed. Results of examples which were computed on an IBM PC computer show the validity and efficiency of the methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-12-20
    Description: Background: Recent studies have revealed that Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein plays an essential role in the inhibition of viral infection through type I interferon (IFN) pathway. It has been shown that 3C (pro) cysteine protease of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) cleaves MAVS to inhibit type I IFNs induction. Other workers also found that MAVS knock-out mice suffered CVB3 susceptibility and severe histopathological change. Accordingly,our experiments were designed to explore the protection of over-expressing MAVS against CVB3 infection and the possible mechanism. Results: In this study, HeLa cells (transfected with MAVS constructs pre- or post- exposure to CVB3) were used to analyze the function of exogenous MAVS on CVB3 infection. The results revealed that though CVB3 infection induced production of type I IFNs, viral replication and cell death were not effectively inhibited. Similarly, exogenous MAVS increased type I IFNs moderately. Morever, we observed robust production of type I IFNs in CVB3 post-infected HeLa cells thereby successfully inhibiting CVB3 infection, as well formation of cytopathic effect (CPE) and cell death. Finally, introduction of exogenous MAVS into CVB3 pre-infected cells also restricted viral infection efficiently by greatly up-regulating IFNs. Conclusions: In summary, exogenous MAVS effectively prevents and controls CVB3 infection by modulating and promoting the production of type I IFNs. The IFNs level in MAVS over-expressing cells is still tightly regulated by CVB3 infection. Thus, the factors that up-regulate MAVS might be an alternative prescription in CVB3-related syndromes by enhancing IFNs production.
    Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: A kind of surface plasmon resonance sensor based on grapefruit photonic crystal fiber (PCF) filled with different numbers of silver nanowires has been studied in this paper. The surface plasmon resonance modes and the sensing properties are investigated comprehensively using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that the intensity sensitivity is related to nanowire numbers and the distance between two nanowires. The optimum value obtained is 2,400 nm/RIU, corresponding to a resolution of 4.51 × 10−5 RIU with a maximum distance of 2 μm. To a certain extent, the PCF filled with more nanowires is better than with just one. Furthermore, the air holes of grapefruit PCF are large enough to operate in practice. Moreover, the irregularity of the filled nanowires has no effect on sensitivity, which will be very convenient for the implementation of experiments.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: ABSTRACT While both the 2012 and 2014 Consumer Reports concerned arsenic levels in US rice, no previous study has evaluated long-term consumption of total rice, white rice and brown rice in relation to risk of developing cancers. We investigated this in the female Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010), and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2009), and the male Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008), which included a total of 45,231 men and 160,408 women, free of cancer at baseline. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to measure rice consumption at baseline and repeated almost every 4 years thereafter. We employed Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). During up to 26 years of follow-up, we documented 31,655 incident cancer cases (10,833 in men and 20,822 in women). Age-adjusted results were similar to multivariable-adjusted results. Compared to participants with less than one serving per week, the multivariable RRs of overall cancer for individuals who ate at least 5 servings per week were 0.97 for total rice (95% CI: 0.85-1.07), 0.87 for white rice (95% CI: 0.75-1.01), and 1.17 for brown rice (95% CI: 0.90-1.26). Similar non-significant associations were observed for specific sites of cancers including prostate, breast, colon and rectum, melanoma, bladder, kidney, and lung. Additionally, the null associations were observed among European Americans and non-smokers, and were not modified by BMI. Long-term consumption of total rice, white rice or brown rice was not associated with risk of developing cancer in US men and women. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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