Description: In this dataset we present high resolution elemental concentrations of major elements from cores in the Mackenzie Delta area and the Amundsen Gulf. Here we present the authigenic as well as the detrital elemental composition. Both components can be used for an environmental reconstruction.

Description: In this dataset we present high resolution Pb isotope records from the Mackenzie Delta area and the Amundsen Gulf. Here we present the authigenic as well as the detrital isotopic composition. With both components it is possible to give an accurate interpretation of meltwater runoff into the Arctic.

Description: In this dataset we present high resolution Pb isotope records from the Mackenzie Delta area and the Amundsen Gulf. Here we present the authigenic as well as the detrital isotopic composition. With both components it is possible to give an accurate interpretation of meltwater runoff into the Arctic.

Description: We conducted a multidisciplinary study to provide the stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic context of monsoonal rainfall dynamics and their responses to orbital forcing for the Bay of Bengal. Using sediment lightness we established an age model at orbital resolution for International Ocean Discovery Programme (IODP) Core U1452C-1H that covers the last 200 ka in the lower Bengal Fan. The low-resolution δ18O of G. sacculifer is consistent with global δ18O records, at least for major glacial-to-interglacial transitions. The variability of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and the δ13C composition of organic matter indicate the marine origin of organic matter. Marine primary productivity likely increased during insolation minima, indicative for an enhanced NE monsoon during glacials and stadials. Pristine insolation forcing is also documented for wet-bulk density, red-green color variability, and grain-size variations, indicating that darker and coarser-grained material deposited at higher sedimentation rates during insolation minima. Stronger NE monsoon likely amplified ocean-atmosphere interactions over the Indian Ocean, leading to stronger upwelling through shoaling the thermocline, and higher delivery of sediment to the Bay of Bengal due to higher soil erosion on land. In addition, lower glacial and stadial sea levels as well as stronger westward surface circulation favored delivery of coarser-grained fluvial material to the lower Bengal Fan. At the same time the stronger NE monsoon might have increased the aeolian supply. Total inorganic carbon, the Ca/Ti ratio, and biogenic silica vary dominantly on obliquity frequencies, suggesting mobilization and transport of lithogenic material primarily during lowered sea levels and/or higher influence of the Northern Hemisphere westerlies on the dust transport from the Tibetan Plateau. The close resemblance of sediment lightness and the climate record of Antarctic ice cores over multiple glacial cycles indicate close relationship between high southern latitude and tropical Asian climate through shifts in position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The Bengal Fan monsoonal record shows very clear and strict responses to insolation forcing in the lower part from ~200 ka to the Younger Toba Tuff during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 – 5, and less distinct response patterns after deposition of the ash during MIS 4 – 2, consistent with low-amplitude changes in insolation.

Description: The Bengal Fan contains the most complete record of Himalayan climate and tectonics. As the largest fan system of the world it is fed by the Ganges-Brahmaputra river systems. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 354 retrieved seven sites along an east-west core transect at 8°N in the lower Bengal Fan. We studied the Pleistocene sections of these sites to provide constraints on the depositional history of the last 1.25 Ma. Lowresolution bio- and magnetostratigraphic constraints identified two regionally extensive hemipelagic units and intercalated turbidite deposits that provide a chronostratigraphic framework for the 320 km transect. Using a combination of lithostratigraphy and sediment physical properties that vary on orbital timescales, we tuned highresolution data sets to the LR04 benthic isotope stack to obtain new constraints on the timing of depositional changes. Above the underlying Unit 1, which consists of Early to Middle Pleistocene turbiditic deposits, we divide four more units for the last 1.25 Ma: Unit 2, a Middle Pleistocene hemipelagic layer deposited at all sites from Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 37 to ~17 (~1.24–0.68 Ma) during the entire time of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, when the Bengal Fan depocenter must have been distal to our transect; Unit 3, mostly turbidites with some intercalated hemipelgic sediments deposited from ~MIS 16–~13 (~0.68–0.48 Ma), with sandy lithologies only found at the easternmost site on the west flank of the Ninetyeast Ridge; Unit 4, massive turbiditic sediments that started to dominate deposition with the Mid-Brunhes Transition (~MIS 12) until MIS 7/8 (~0.48–0.25 Ma), when the channel-levee system was focused east of the 85°E basement ridge at 8°N; and Unit 5, a Late Pleistocene hemipelagic layer at the top that spans MIS 7/8–1 (~0.25 Ma to present) while the turbidite deposition was focused west of the 85°E basement ridge at 8°N. We find evidence that, on these timescales, deposition across the lower Bengal Fan changed with the evolution Pleistocene climate and hence responded to external controls on sediment accumulation and fan architecture rather than faninternal autocyclic mechanisms.

Description: In this dataset we present high resolution elemental concentrations of major elements from cores in the Mackenzie Delta area and the Amundsen Gulf. Here we present the authigenic as well as the detrital elemental composition. Both components can be used for an environmental reconstruction.

Description: In this dataset we present high resolution Pb isotope records from the Mackenzie Delta area and the Amundsen Gulf. Here we present the authigenic as well as the detrital isotopic composition. With both components it is possible to give an accurate interpretation of meltwater runoff into the Arctic.

Description: Radiocarbon ages of sediment cores HLY1302-JPC19 and HLY1302-JPC9 from the Mackenzie Delta area and the Amundsen Gulf. Dates given here are uncalibrated 14C ages.