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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Klimawandel in der Arktis : [wie sich Eisbären und Schlangensterne anpassen] ; Begleitheft zum Vortrag [am 02. Juni 2009] (2009)
    Kiel : Ozean der Zukunft, Die Kieler Meereswissenschaften
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource ( PDF-Datei : 16 S., 1,1 MB) , Ill.
    Series Statement: Kinder- und Schüleruni Kiel : für Schülerinnen und Schüler von 8 bis 16 Jahren 2009.06,02
    URL: http://www.ozean-der-zukunft.de/ausstellung-und-schule/schulprogramme/piepenburg-vortrag/
    Language: German
    Note: Auch als gedr. Dokument vorh
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  • 12
    Image
    Image
    Warnsignal Klima - die Polarregionen : wissenschaftliche Fakten (2014)
    Hamburg : Verl. Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Meereskunde ; Polargebiete ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Polargebiete ; Klimaschutz ; Meereskunde
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polarregionen üben trotz ihrer abgelegenen Lage einen erheblichen Einfluss auf das Weltklima aus. Dies hängt besonders mit den bedeutenden Kopplungsprozessen zwischen dem Eis (Eisschilde, Meereis, Schnee und Permafrost) und der atmosphärischen sowie ozeanischen Zirkulation zusammen. Das Abschmelzen aller polaren Eisschilde würde beispielsweise einen globalen Anstieg des Meeresspiegels um etwa 70 m bewirken. Aber auch schon geringe Schwankungen im polaren Eisvolumen führen zu merklichen Veränderungen des Meeresspiegels. Die Klima-Prognosen der letzten Jahre haben sich weitgehend bestätigt. Die heutigen Messungen zeigen sogar, dass sich das Klima eher schneller ändert als erwartet. Die beobachtete Erderwärmung während des 20. Jahrhunderts hat sich in diesem Jahrhundert fortgesetzt; zurzeit beträgt die mittlere globale Erwärmung über den Kontinenten bereits 0,9 °C. Diese Entwicklung wird sich fortsetzen, wenn die Anreicherung der Atmosphäre mit Treibhausgasen (vor allem CO2) anhält. Besorgniserregend ist die Tatsache, dass die heute emittierten CO2-Mengen Jahrhunderte in der Atmosphäre verbleiben. Eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme der Situation in den Polarregionen wird wiedergegeben. Insbesondere werden die heutigen und zukünftigen Folgen des Klimawandels aus unterschiedlicher Sicht beleuchtet. Daran haben sich 100 Autoren aus 42 Institutionen beteiligt.
    Type of Medium: Image
    Pages: 375 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 3980966860 , 9783980966863
    Series Statement: Warnsignale
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/777032325.pdf
    URL: http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4626641&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm
    DDC: 551.6998
    RVK:
    RZ 10438
    RVK:
    RY 20053
    RVK:
    RY 20438
    Language: German
    Note: In Kooperation mit GEO. - Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung ist zum Teil auf der Grundlage des im Jahr 2006 erschienenen Buches "Warnsignale aus den Polarregionen" konzipiert. Etwa die Hälfte der 52 Kapitel ist völlig neu und von anderen Autoren verfasst worden. Bei den restlichen Kapiteln handelt es sich um aktualisierte Texte , Laut Widmung 14. Band der "Warnsignale" [ungezählte Buchreihe] , Enthält: 255 Abbildungen, 20 Tabellen und 10 Tafeln , Literaturangaben , Literaturangaben. - Sachregister S. 370 - 375
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The role of hydrodynamic regimes and water properties on transports, retentions, and settlements of mollusc larvae at a lagoon and its adjacent open shore in Kai Islands, Indonesia (2003)
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Kaiinseln ; Meeresweichtiere
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary ; Zs.-Fassung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 88 S. = 2.52 MB, Text) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    URL: http://eldiss.uni-kiel.de/macau/receive/dissertation_diss_942
    URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-9422
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-9422
    Language: English
    Note: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2003
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of the benthic trachymedusa Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) off Northeast Greenland and in the northern Barents Sea (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 19 (1998), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The trachymedusa Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878 has been identified in seabed photographs from high-Arctic shelves and upper continental slopes off Northeast Greenland and in the northern Barents Sea. It was found to be a common epifaunal element, being present at 34 of 57 stations in 40- to 495-m depth and at 7 of 11 stations in 70- to 330-m depth, respectively. All specimens recorded in the photographs either sat directly at, or hovered very closely (≤ about 1 cm) over, the sea bed, indicating a primarily epibenthic life style of this hydrozoan species. The small-scale (i.e. within-station) distribution of medusae was rather patchy, with frequencies along photographic transects – consisting of 35–73 pictures distributed over seabed strips of 150- to 300-m length – varying from 1 to 58% off Northeast Greenland and from 1 to 34% in the Barents Sea. Absolute maximum density was 6 ind m−2, and station mean abundances ranged from 0.01 to 0.91 ind m−2 and from 0.01 to 0.52 ind m−2, respectively. Values tended to decrease with water depth, albeit significantly only off Northeast Greenland. Otherwise, no clear relationships to environmental conditions, such as geomorphology or near-bottom water hydrography, were detected. Circumstantial evidence suggests that seabed granulometry and potential food supply are important distribution determinants. However, further investigations are required to identify more stringently the key factors controlling the distribution of P. polaris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050234
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body size, sex ratio and diet composition of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1874) (Pisces: Gadidae) in the Northeast Water Polynya (Greenland) (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 20 (1998), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Little is known about the biology and feeding ecology of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1874), an endemic gadid fish species occurring circumpolarly in both ice-free and ice-covered Arctic seas. In this study we analysed specimens sampled from bottom trawl and Agassiz trawl catches conducted at eight stations in water depths from 115 to 490 m in the Northeast Water Polynya off Greenland in August 1990. Size composition and sex ratios were assessed for 585 fish with standard lengths ranging from 7.8 to 34.5 cm. Median fish sizes at the stations ranged between 8.6 and 18.8 cm. Quantitative stomach content analyses of a subsample of 175 specimens revealed that in the Northeast Water A. glacialis fed almost exclusively on pelagic prey. Truly benthic organisms were not found in the stomachs, and sympagic species were rarely recorded. Overall, calanoid copepods were the major prey in terms of numbers. However, stomach contents varied considerably between fish size groups. In terms of prey biomass, copepods dominated the diet of small fish (〈12 cm), primarily occurring at shallow stations (115–250 m), whereas amphipods and mysids were relatively more important for larger fish (〉16 cm), which dominated the catches at deep stations (360–480 m). The broad variety of diet composition indicated an opportunistic pelagic feeding pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050314
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution, standing stock, growth, mortality and production of Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the northern Barents Sea (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 20 (1998), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The regular sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus pallidus (G.O. Sars, 1871), is a widespread epibenthic species in high-Arctic waters. However, little is known about its distribution, standing stock, population dynamics and production. In the northern Barents Sea, S. pallidus was recorded on seabed still photographs at 10 out of 11 stations in water depths of 80–360 m. Mean abundances along photographic transects of 150–300 m length ranged between 〈0.1 and 14.7 ind. m−2 yielding a grand average of 3.6 ind. m−2. The small-scale distribution along the transects was patchy, with densities varying from nil to an overall maximum of 25.5 ind. m−2, and exhibited a significant relation to the number of stones present. Sea urchin test diameters, measured on scaled photographs, extended from 7 to 90 mm. Median values at single stations varied from 14 to 46 mm, showing a significant inverse relationship to water depth. Biomass, estimated by combining photographic abundances, size frequencies and a size-mass function established with trawled specimens, ranged between 〈0.1 and 3.0 g ash-free dry mass m−2, averaging about 1.0 g ash free dry mass m−2. An analysis of skeletal growth bands in genital plates was carried out with 143 trawled individuals ranging in test diameter (D) from 4 to 48 mm. Assuming these bands to represent annual growth marks, the ages of the specimens analysed ranged between 3 and 42 years. A von Bertalanffy function was fitted to size-at-age data to model individual growth pattern (D∞ = 102.3 mm, k = 0.011 year−1, t0 = 0.633 year). The annual mortality rate Z of the population in the northern Barents Sea was estimated from a size-converted catch curve to be 0.08 year−1. Applying the weight-specific growth rate method, the average P/B ratio and the mean annual production of this population were estimated as 0.07 year−1 and 0.076 g AFDM m−2 year−1, respectively. In conclusion, S. pallidus is characterized by slow growth, low mortality, high longevity and low productivity. Because of its relatively high biomass, it is considered to contribute significantly to total benthic standing stock and carbon flux in the study area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050310
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abundance, biomass and spatial distribution pattern of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) on the Kolbeinsey Ridge north of Iceland (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Species composition, abundance, biomass and spatial distribution pattern of brittle star assemblages of the Kolbeinsey Ridge, north of Iceland, were investigated by analysing seafloor photographs and epibenthic sled catches. Sampling was conducted in July 1992 along a 34 km long cross-ridge transect at 67°55′N in depths ranging from 830 to 1100 m. Five brittle star species were found. Only one species, Ophiocten gracilis, occurred with densities of more than 1 ind m−2. Both ridge slopes were characterized by soft bottom habitats, the ophiuroid distribution, however, revealed differences between slopes. Generally, brittle star densities were significantly higher on the eastern slope. There, the highest mean abundance per station of O. gracilis was 497 ind m−2. Except for one station, a distinct patchiness on the 100 m-scale was obvious in the spatial distribution of O. gracilis. Small settling stages with disc diameters 〈1 mm accounted for up to 98% of the population of O. gracilis near the ridge top, but their abundance share decreased with depth to only 6% on the eastern slope foot. Biomasses of O. gracilis were extrapolated by combining abundances estimated from photographic counts with a size-weight relationship and size frequencies established from sled catches. The highest value (120 mg AFDW m−2) was found on the deep eastern slope where large O. gracilis with disc diameters 〉4 mm were most abundant. Our findings reflect a cross-ridge gradient in terms of hydrographic regime and, hence, probably pattern of food supply for the benthos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240523
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assemblages of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) and brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and off Northeast Greenland (Arctic): a comparison of diversity and abundance (1997)
    Springer
    Polar biology 17 (1997), S. 305-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Composition and distribution of asteroid and ophiuroid assemblages were investigated by means of Agassiz trawl catches at 34 stations in 220- to 1,200-m depth in the Weddell Sea and at 17 stations in 90- and 830-m depth off Northeast Greenland. A total of 86 species (48 sea stars, 38 brittle stars) were identified in the Weddell Sea whereas off Northeast Greenland a total of 26 species (16 sea stars, 10 brittle stars) were recorded. In both study areas, brittle stars were numerically more important than sea stars, and abundances generally decreased with water depths. Multivariate analyses revealed a conspicuous depth zonation of sea and brittle stars off Greenland. Very high abundances of Ophiocten sericeum and Ophiura robusta characterized the assemblages on shallow shelf banks whereas in greater depths Ophiopleura borealis, Ophioscolex glacialis and Ophiacantha bidentata became dominant, albeit at significantly lower densities. Mass occurrences of brittle stars, such as those recorded on Greenlandic shelf banks, have not been discovered in the Weddell Sea, where distinct assemblages were discriminated in deep shelf trenches as well as on the eastern and southern shelf. Ophioplocus incipiens, Ophiurolepis martensi and Ophiurolepis brevirima were the most prominent species on the eastern shelf. Ophiacantha antarctica, Ophiurolepis gelida and Ophionotus victoriae on the southern shelf, and Ophiosparte gigas as well as the asteriod Hymenaster sp., in the shelf trenches. Overall, the Weddell Sea housed conspicuously more asterozoan species than the waters off Greenland. Higher species diversity was also evident at both a regional and local scale, especially for the eastern Weddell Sea shelf. However, because many species from the Weddell Sea are closely related, the Weddell Sea assemblages were not significantly different from the Greenland ones in terms of taxonomic diversity and distinctness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013372
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  • 19
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    Evidence for a pan-Arctic sea-ice diatom diet in Strongylocentrotus spp (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 35 (8). pp. 1281-1287.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: The Arctic marine food web is based on organic matter produced by both phytoplankton and sea-ice algae. With the decline of Arctic sea ice, the sustained availability of organic carbon of sea-ice origin is unclear. Recently, the detection of the sea-ice diatom biomarker IP25 in a range of Arctic benthic macrofauna indicated that this is a highly suitable biomarker for the identification of organic carbon derived from sea-ice primary production in Arctic food webs. However, the data presented previously were restricted to a single geographical region in the Canadian Arctic. Here, we show that IP25 is present in sea urchins of the genus Strongylocentrotus collected from ten locations with seasonal sea-ice cover from the Canadian Archipelago, Greenland and Spitsbergen. In contrast, IP25 was not found in specimens of Echinus esculentus collected from the southwest UK, where sea ice is absent. Our findings provide evidence that the presence of IP25 in macrobenthic organisms can be used across different Arctic regions as a versatile indicator of a diet containing carbon of sea-ice origin.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1164-9
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  • 20
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    Multivariate benthic ecosystem functioning in the Arctic - benthic fluxes explained by environmental parameters in the southeastern Beaufort Sea (2013)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 10 (9). pp. 5911-5929.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-03
    Description: The effects of climate change on Arctic marine ecosystems and their biogeochemical cycles are difficult to predict given the complex physical, biological and chemical interactions among the ecosystem components. We studied benthic biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic and the influence of short-term (seasonal to annual), long-term (annual to decadal) and other environmental variability on their spatial distribution to provide a baseline for estimates of the impact of future changes. In summer 2009, we measured fluxes of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, soluble reactive phosphate and silicic acid at the sediment–water interface at eight sites in the southeastern Beaufort Sea at water depths from 45 to 580 m. The spatial pattern of the measured benthic boundary fluxes was heterogeneous. Multivariate analysis of flux data showed that no single or reduced combination of fluxes could explain the majority of spatial variation, indicating that oxygen flux is not representative of other nutrient sink–source dynamics. We tested the influence of eight environmental parameters on single benthic fluxes. Short-term environmental parameters (sinking flux of particulate organic carbon above the bottom, sediment surface Chl a) were most important for explaining oxygen, ammonium and nitrate fluxes. Long-term parameters (porosity, surface manganese and iron concentration, bottom water oxygen concentrations) together with δ13Corg signature explained most of the spatial variation in phosphate, nitrate and nitrite fluxes. Variation in pigments at the sediment surface was most important to explain variation in fluxes of silicic acid. In a model including all fluxes synchronously, the overall spatial distribution could be best explained (57%) by the combination of sediment Chl a, phaeopigments, δ13Corg, surficial manganese and bottom water oxygen concentration. We conclude that it is necessary to consider long-term environmental variability along with rapidly ongoing environmental changes to predict the flux of oxygen and nutrients across Arctic sediments even at short timescales. Our results contribute to improve ecological models predicting the impact of climate change on the functioning of marine ecosystems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-5911-2013
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