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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanoreceptive sensillum fields at the tarsal tip of insect legs
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Morphology Vol. 279, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1654-1664
    Details
    In: Journal of Morphology, Wiley, Vol. 279, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1654-1664
    Abstract: Groups of mechanoreceptive sensilla form small sensory fields on the ventral rim of the most distal tarsomeres in insects. Within these fields two or three sensilla are located closely together. Anterior and posterior fields are found in all three pairs of legs with only a few exceptions. The composition, exact location, and morphology of the fields were studied in representative species of several insect orders using light and scanning electron microscopy. There was no obvious correlation between field morphology and insect phylogenetic relationships.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0362-2525 , 1097-4687
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.v279.11
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20898
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479991-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cribellate thread production as model for spider’s spinneret kinematics
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Comparative Physiology A Vol. 207, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 127-139
    Details
    In: Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 207, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 127-139
    Abstract: Spider silk attracts researchers from the most diverse fields, such as material science or medicine. However, still little is known about silk aside from its molecular structure and material strength. Spiders produce many different silks and even join several silk types to one functional unit. In cribellate spiders, a complex multi-fibre system with up to six different silks affects the adherence to the prey. The assembly of these cribellate capture threads influences the mechanical properties as each fibre type absorbs forces specifically. For the interplay of fibres, spinnerets have to move spatially and come into contact with each other at specific points in time. However, spinneret kinematics are not well described though highly sophisticated movements are performed which are in no way inferior to the movements of other flexible appendages. We describe here the kinematics for the spinnerets involved in the cribellate spinning process of the grey house spider, Badumna longinqua , as an example of spinneret kinematics in general. With this information, we set a basis for understanding spinneret kinematics in other spinning processes of spiders and additionally provide inspiration for biomimetic multiple fibre spinning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0340-7594 , 1432-1351
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01460-4
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459295-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Morphological adaptation of the calamistrum to the cribellate spinning process in Deinopoidae (Uloboridae, Deinopidae)
    The Royal Society ; 2016
    In:  Royal Society Open Science Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 150617-
    Details
    In: Royal Society Open Science, The Royal Society, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 150617-
    Abstract: Spiders are famous for their silk with fascinating mechanical properties. However, some can further produce, process and handle nano fibres, which are used as capture threads. These ‘cribellate spiders’ bear a specialized setae comb on their metatarsus (calamistrum), which modifies cribellate nano fibres to assemble a puffy structure within the capture thread. Among different species, the calamistrum morphology can differ remarkably. Although a model of thread production has been established for Uloborus plumipes , it is not resolved if/how different shaped calamistra influence the production process. We were able to transfer the model without restrictions to spiders with different shaped calamistra. Fibres are not locked between setae but are passing across a rather smooth surface-like area on the calamistrum. This area can be relocated, explaining the first morphological difference between calamistra, without changing the influence of the calamistrum on fibres. By performing an elongated leg movement, contact between fibres and calamistrum could be adjusted after finishing thread production. This movement has to bring the thread in contact with the second morphological peculiarity: cribellate teeth. We suggest these teeth are used to handle the thread independently of the spinnerets, a feature only necessary for spiders, which do not move during web construction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2054-5703
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150617
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2787755-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Robust substrate anchorages of silk lines with extensible nano-fibres
    Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) ; 2021
    In:  Soft Matter Vol. 17, No. 34 ( 2021), p. 7903-7913
    Details
    In: Soft Matter, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Vol. 17, No. 34 ( 2021), p. 7903-7913
    Abstract: Living systems are built of multiscale-composites: materials formed of components with different properties that are assembled in complex micro- and nano-structures. Such biological multiscale-composites often show outstanding physical properties that are unachieved by artificial materials. A major scientific goal is thus to understand the assembly processes and the relationship between structure and function in order to reproduce them in a new generation of biomimetic high-performance materials. Here, we tested how the assembly of spider silk nano-fibres ( i.e. glue coated 0.5 μm thick fibres produced by so-called piriform glands) into different micro-structures correlates with mechanical performance by empirically and numerically exploring the mechanical behaviour of line anchors in an orb weaver, a hunting spider and two ancient web builders. We demonstrate that the anchors of orb weavers exhibit outstanding mechanical robustness with minimal material use by the indirect attachment of the silk line to the substrate through a soft domain (‘bridge’). This principle can be used to design new artificial high-performance attachment systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-683X , 1744-6848
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1039/D1SM00552A
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2191476-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Small behavioral adaptations enable more effective prey capture by producing 3D-structured spider threads
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-11-21)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-11-21)
    Abstract: Spiders are known for producing specialized fibers. The radial orb-web, for example, contains tough silk used for the web frame and the capture spiral consists of elastic silk, able to stretch when prey impacts the web. In concert, silk proteins and web geometry affects the spider’s ability to capture prey. Both factors have received considerable research attention, but next to no attention has been paid to the influence of fiber processing on web performance. Cribellate spiders produce a complex fiber alignment as their capture threads. With a temporally controlled spinneret movement, they connect different fibers at specific points to each other. One of the most complex capture threads is produced by the southern house spider, Kukulcania hibernalis (Filistatidae). In contrast to the so far characterized linear threads of other cribellate spiders, K. hibernalis spins capture threads in a zigzag pattern due to a slightly altered spinneret movement. The resulting more complex fiber alignment increased the thread’s overall ability to restrain prey, probably by increasing the adhesion area as well as its extensibility. Kukulcania hibernalis ' cribellate silk perfectly illustrates the impact of small behavioral differences on the thread assembly and, thus, of silk functionality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53764-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Insect cuticular hydrocarbon composition influences their interaction with spider capture threads
    The Company of Biologists ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 225, No. 5 ( 2022-03-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 225, No. 5 ( 2022-03-01)
    Abstract: Insects represent the main prey of spiders, and spiders and insects co-diversified in evolutionary history. One of the main features characterizing spiders is their web as a trap to capture prey. Phylogenetically, the cribellate thread is one of the earliest thread types that was specialized to capture prey. In contrast to other capture threads, it lacks adhesive glue and consists of nanofibres, which do not only adhere to insects via van der Waals forces but also interact with the insects' cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) layer, thus enhancing adhesion. The CHC layer consists of multiple hydrocarbon types and is highly diverse between species. In this study, we show that CHC interaction with cribellate capture threads is affected by CHC composition of the insect. We studied the interaction in detail for four insect species with different CHC profiles and observed a differential migration of CHCs into the thread. The migration depends on the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon types as well as their viscosity, influenced by the ambient temperature during the interaction. As a consequence, adhesion forces to CHC layers differ depending on their chemical composition. Our results match predictions based on biophysical properties of hydrocarbons, and show that cribellate spiders can exert selection pressure on the CHC composition of their insect prey.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0949 , 1477-9145
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242514
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomimetic Combs as Antiadhesive Tools to Manipulate Nanofibers
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2020
    In:  ACS Applied Nano Materials Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 2020-04-24), p. 3395-3401
    Details
    In: ACS Applied Nano Materials, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 2020-04-24), p. 3395-3401
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2574-0970 , 2574-0970
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00130
    DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00130.s001
    DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00130.s002
    DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00130.s003
    DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00130.s004
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2916552-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nanofibre production in spiders without electric charge
    The Company of Biologists ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists
    Abstract: Technical nanofibre production is linked to high voltage, because they are typically produced by electrospinning. Spiders on the contrary have evolved a way to produce nanofibres without high voltage. These spiders are called cribellate spiders and produce nanofibres within their capture thread production. It is suggested that their nanofibres are frictionally charged when being brushed over a continuous area on the calamistrum, a comb-like structure at the metatarsus of the fourth leg. Although there are indications that electrostatic charges are involved in the formation of the threads structure, final proof is missing. We proposed three claims to validate this hypothesis: 1. The removal of any charge during or after thread production has an influence on the structure of the thread, 2. The characteristic structure of the thread can be regenerated by charging, and 3. The thread is attracted to, respectively repelled from differently charged objects. None of these three claims were proven true. Furthermore, mathematical calculations reveal that even at low charges, the calculated structural assembly of the thread does not match the observed reality. Electrostatic forces are therefore not involved in the production of cribellate capture threads.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.157594
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Uncoiling springs promote mechanical functionality of spider cribellate silk
    The Company of Biologists ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists
    Abstract: Composites, both natural and synthetic, achieve novel functionality by combining two or more constituent materials. For example, the earliest adhesive silk in spider webs – cribellate silk – is composed of stiff axial fibers and coiled fibers surrounded by hundreds of sticky cribellate nanofibrils. Yet little is known of how fiber types interact to enable capture of insect prey with cribellate silk. To understand the roles of each constituent fiber during prey capture, we compared the tensile performance of native-state and manipulated threads produced by Psechrus clavis, and the adhesion of native threads along a smooth surface and hairy bee thorax. We found that the coiled fiber increases the work to fracture of the entire cribellate thread by up to 20-fold. We also found that the axial fiber breaks multiple times during deformation, an unexpected observation that indicates: i) the axial fiber continues to contribute work even after breakage, ii) the cribellate nanofibrils may perform a previously unidentified role as a binder material that distributes forces throughout the thread. Work of adhesion increased on surfaces with more surface structures (hairy bee thorax) corresponding to increased deformation of the coiled fiber. Together, our observations highlight how the synergistic interactions among the constituents of this natural composite adhesive enhance functionality. These highly extensible threads may serve to expose additional cribellate nanofibrils to form attachment points with prey substrata while also immobilizing prey as they sink into the web due to gravity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.215269
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Biocompatible Micron‐Scale Silk Fibers Fabricated by Microfluidic Wet Spinning
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Advanced Healthcare Materials Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2021-10)
    Details
    In: Advanced Healthcare Materials, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2021-10)
    Abstract: For successful material deployment in tissue engineering, the material itself, its mechanical properties, and the microscopic geometry of the product are of particular interest. While silk is a widely applied protein‐based tissue engineering material with strong mechanical properties, the size and shape of artificially spun silk fibers are limited by existing processes. This study adjusts a microfluidic spinneret to manufacture micron‐sized wet‐spun fibers with three different materials enabling diverse geometries for tissue engineering applications. The spinneret is direct laser written (DLW) inside a microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip using two‐photon lithography, applying a novel surface treatment that enables a tight print‐channel sealing. Alginate, polyacrylonitrile, and silk fibers with diameters down to 1 µm are spun, while the spinneret geometry controls the shape of the silk fiber, and the spinning process tailors the mechanical property. Cell‐cultivation experiments affirm bio‐compatibility and showcase an interplay between the cell‐sized fibers and cells. The presented spinning process pushes the boundaries of fiber fabrication toward smaller diameters and more complex shapes with increased surface‐to‐volume ratio and will substantially contribute to future tailored tissue engineering materials for healthcare applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-2640 , 2192-2659
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/adhm.v10.20
    DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100898
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2645585-7
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