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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Operation and performance of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker in LHC Run 2
    IOP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Instrumentation Vol. 17, No. 01 ( 2022-01-01), p. P01013-
    Details
    In: Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 01 ( 2022-01-01), p. P01013-
    Abstract: The semiconductor tracker (SCT) is one of the tracking systems for charged particles in the ATLAS detector. It consists of 4088 silicon strip sensor modules. During Run 2 (2015–2018) the Large Hadron Collider delivered an integrated luminosity of 156 fb -1 to the ATLAS experiment at a centre-of-mass proton-proton collision energy of 13 TeV. The instantaneous luminosity and pile-up conditions were far in excess of those assumed in the original design of the SCT detector. Due to improvements to the data acquisition system, the SCT operated stably throughout Run 2. It was available for 99.9% of the integrated luminosity and achieved a data-quality efficiency of 99.85%. Detailed studies have been made of the leakage current in SCT modules and the evolution of the full depletion voltage, which are used to study the impact of radiation damage to the modules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-0221
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/P01013
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2235672-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstract 3077: Preclinical characterization of BGB-11417, a potent and selective Bcl-2 inhibitor with superior antitumor activities in haematological tumor models
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2020
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 80, No. 16_Supplement ( 2020-08-15), p. 3077-3077
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 80, No. 16_Supplement ( 2020-08-15), p. 3077-3077
    Abstract: The ability to evade apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), an anti-apoptosis protein, is overexpressed and leads to oncogenesis or drug resistance in various tumor types, including lymphoma and leukemia. Bcl-2 is a well-validated target for B cell malignancies as demonstrated by a Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax which was recently approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is currently in phase III clinical development for other hematologic malignancies. With longer term treatment, recurrent mutation G101V in Bcl-2 has been reported to mediate resistance to venetoclax in patients with CLL. Herein, we report the pharmacological properties of BGB-11417, a highly potent and selective BCL-2 inhibitor, in preclinical models. BGB-11417 potently inhibited both wildtype and G101V-mutated Bcl-2 in SPR binding assay with IC50 of 0.035 and 0.28 nM, respectively. BGB-11417 was a more potent Bcl-2 inhibitor than venatoclax in both enzymatic and cellular assays. In a binding assay for BH3 peptide and Bcl-2, BGB-11417 and venatoclax showed an IC50 of 0.014 nM and 0.2 nM, respectively. In addition, BGB-11417 potently inhibited the proliferation of a Bcl-2 dependent acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) cell line RS4;11 with an IC50 of 0.81 nM, but not a Bcl-xL dependent T-ALL cell line Molt-4. Moreover, BGB-11417 exhibited potent cell killing activity against a variety of lymphoma and leukemia cell lines, including follicular lymphomas (FL), mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukemias (AML). BGB-11417 was also highly selective, showing ≥2000 folds selectivity to Bcl-xL, BCL-W, MCL-1 and BCL2A1. In pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) studies, oral administration of BGB-11417 displayed a clear PK and PD correlation in RS4;11 ALL xenografts as shown by the increase of cleaved caspase 3 level with the increase of BGB-11417 concentration in tumor tissue. Furthermore, BGB-11417 demonstrated significantly greater efficacy than venetoclax in human ALL, MCL and DLBCL xenograft models without body weight loss. Collectively, BGB-11417 is a potent and highly selective Bcl-2 inhibitor with superior anti-tumor activities compared with venetoclax in preclinical studies. The phase I study of BGB-11417 for treatment of hematological cancers is ongoing. Citation Format: Nan Hu, Yunhang Guo, Hai Xue, Ye Liu, Yin Guo, Fan Wang, Xiaomin Song, Ying Guo, Shuaishuai Chen, Haipeng Xu, Taichang Zhang, Yanwen Ma, Xuebing Sun, Yuan Hong, Yutong Zhu, Aiying Xu, Zhenzhen Cheng, Haimei Xing, Zhiwei Wang, Xuesong Liu, Lai Wang. Preclinical characterization of BGB-11417, a potent and selective Bcl-2 inhibitor with superior antitumor activities in haematological tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3077.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2020-3077
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultra-High Resolution SVBRDF Recovery from a Single Image
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2023
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 42, No. 3 ( 2023-06-30), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 42, No. 3 ( 2023-06-30), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Existing convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in recovering Spatially Varying Bidirectional Surface Reflectance Distribution Function (SVBRDF) maps from a single image. However, they mainly focus on handling low-resolution (e.g., 256 × 256) inputs. Ultra-High Resolution (UHR) material maps are notoriously difficult to acquire by existing networks because (1) finite computational resources set bounds for input receptive fields and output resolutions, and (2) convolutional layers operate locally and lack the ability to capture long-range structural dependencies in UHR images. We propose an implicit neural reflectance model and a divide-and-conquer solution to address these two challenges simultaneously. We first crop a UHR image into low-resolution patches, each of which are processed by a local feature extractor to extract important details. To fully exploit long-range spatial dependency and ensure global coherency, we incorporate a global feature extractor and several coordinate-aware feature assembly modules into our pipeline. The global feature extractor contains several lightweight material vision transformers that have a global receptive field at each scale and have the ability to infer long-term relationships in the material. After decoding globally coherent feature maps assembled by coordinate-aware feature assembly modules, the proposed end-to-end method is able to generate UHR SVBRDF maps from a single image with fine spatial details and consistent global structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/3593798
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 625686-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fractional gaussian fields for modeling and rendering of spatially-correlated media
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2019
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2019-08-31), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2019-08-31), p. 1-13
    Abstract: Transmission of radiation through spatially-correlated media has demonstrated deviations from the classical exponential law of the corresponding uncorrelated media. In this paper, we propose a general, physically-based method for modeling such correlated media with non-exponential decay of transmittance. We describe spatial correlations by introducing the Fractional Gaussian Field (FGF), a powerful mathematical tool that has proven useful in many areas but remains under-explored in graphics. With the FGF, we study the effects of correlations in a unified manner, by modeling both high-frequency, noise-like fluctuations and k -th order fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with a stochastic continuity property. As a result, we are able to reproduce a wide variety of appearances stemming from different types of spatial correlations. Compared to previous work, our method is the first that addresses both short-range and long-range correlations using physically-based fluctuation models. We show that our method can simulate different extents of randomness in spatially-correlated media, resulting in a smooth transition in a range of appearances from exponential falloff to complete transparency. We further demonstrate how our method can be integrated into an energy-conserving RTE framework with a well-designed importance sampling scheme and validate its ability compared to the classical transport theory and previous work.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/3306346.3323031
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 625686-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficient Light Probes for Real-Time Global Illumination
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2022
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Reproducing physically-based global illumination (GI) effects has been a long-standing demand for many real-time graphical applications. In pursuit of this goal, many recent engines resort to some form of light probes baked in a precomputation stage. Unfortunately, the GI effects stemming from the precomputed probes are rather limited due to the constraints in the probe storage, representation or query. In this paper, we propose a new method for probe-based GI rendering which can generate a wide range of GI effects, including glossy reflection with multiple bounces, in complex scenes. The key contributions behind our work include a gradient-based search algorithm and a neural image reconstruction method. The search algorithm is designed to reproject the probes' contents to any query viewpoint, without introducing parallax errors, and converges fast to the optimal solution. The neural image reconstruction method, based on a dedicated neural network and several G-buffers, tries to recover high-quality images from low-quality inputs due to limited resolution or (potential) low sampling rate of the probes. This neural method makes the generation of light probes efficient. Moreover, a temporal reprojection strategy and a temporal loss are employed to improve temporal stability for animation sequences. The whole pipeline runs in realtime ( 〉 30 frames per second) even for high-resolution (1920×1080) outputs, thanks to the fast convergence rate of the gradient-based search algorithm and a light-weight design of the neural network. Extensive experiments on multiple complex scenes have been conducted to show the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-arts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/3550454.3555452
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 625686-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Physically‐based Appearance Model for Special Effect Pigments
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Computer Graphics Forum Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2018-07), p. 67-76
    Details
    In: Computer Graphics Forum, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2018-07), p. 67-76
    Abstract: An appearance model for materials adhered with massive collections of special effect pigments has to take both high‐frequency spatial details (e.g., glints) and wave‐optical effects (e.g., iridescence) due to thin‐film interference into account. However, either phenomenon is challenging to characterize and simulate in a physically accurate way. Capturing these fascinating effects in a unified framework is even harder as the normal distribution function and the reflectance term are highly correlated and cannot be treated separately. In this paper, we propose a multi‐scale BRDF model for reproducing the main visual effects generated by the discrete assembly of special effect pigments, enabling a smooth transition from fine‐scale surface details to large‐scale iridescent patterns. We demonstrate that the wavelength‐dependent reflectance inside the pixel's footprint follows a Gaussian distribution according to the central limit theorem, and is closely related to the distribution of the thin‐film's thickness. We efficiently determine the mean and the variance of this Gaussian distribution for each pixel whose closed‐form expressions can be derived by assuming that the thin‐film's thickness is uniformly distributed. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed model is compared against some previous methods and photographs of actual materials. Furthermore, since our method does not require any scene‐dependent precomputation, the distribution of thickness is allowed to be spatially‐varying.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-7055 , 1467-8659
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cgf.2018.37.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/cgf.13476
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246488-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rendering Thin Transparent Layers with Extended Normal Distribution Functions
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2017
    In:  IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2017-9-1), p. 2108-2119
    Details
    In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2017-9-1), p. 2108-2119
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1077-2626
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2016.2617872
    RVK:
    SQ 1100
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027333-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rendering discrete participating media using geometrical optics approximation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Computational Visual Media Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 425-444
    Details
    In: Computational Visual Media, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 425-444
    Abstract: We consider the scattering of light in participating media composed of sparsely and randomly distributed discrete particles. The particle size is expected to range from the scale of the wavelength to several orders of magnitude greater, resulting in an appearance with distinct graininess as opposed to the smooth appearance of continuous media. One fundamental issue in the physically-based synthesis of such appearance is to determine the necessary optical properties in every local region. Since these properties vary spatially, we resort to geometrical optics approximation (GOA), a highly efficient alternative to rigorous Lorenz—Mie theory, to quantitatively represent the scattering of a single particle. This enables us to quickly compute bulk optical properties for any particle size distribution. We then use a practical Monte Carlo rendering solution to solve energy transfer in the discrete participating media. Our proposed framework is the first to simulate a wide range of discrete participating media with different levels of graininess, converging to the continuous media case as the particle concentration increases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2096-0433 , 2096-0662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s41095-021-0253-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844021-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table_2.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Vol. 13 ( 2023-3-9)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-3-9)
    Abstract: China was declared malaria free in June of 2021. In the post-elimination setting, vigilant surveillance is essential to sustain malaria free status. Serological surveillance has been recognized as an efficient tool for assessing the immunity levels and exposure risk in a population. In this study, a cross-sectional serological survey was conducted in Yingjiang County, China, in August–September, 2021. The study sites were villages along the borders with Myanmar, which have no local transmission since the last indigenous case registered in 2016. A total of 923 participants from six villages were enrolled. The majority was aged & gt; 36 years (56.12%) and 12.46% (115/923) participants had experienced malaria infection at least once. A magnetic- bead-based assay was used to test antibodies against Plasmodium vivax antigen PvMSP-1 19 to evaluate the prevalence of antibody positive subjects. A reversible catalytic model was used to assess the risk of exposure. The prevalence of anti-PvMSP-1 19 IgG was 12.84% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.22%–16.47%], 13.93% (95% CI: 10.11%–17.74%), and 3.57% (95% CI: 1.40%–5.75%) in three different line-of-defense areas, which differed significantly ( P & lt; 0.0001). The prevalence of anti-PvMSP-1 19 IgG increased with age and no statistically significant difference was detected between the sexes. The reversible catalytic model indicated that the seropositive conversion rate and seronegative reversion rate were 0.0042, 0.0034, 0.0032 and 0.0024, 0.0004, 0.0065 in the first-, second-line-of-defense area and total areas, respectively, and the fitted value did not differ significantly from the observed value ( P & gt; 0.1). Although this study found the prevalence of antibody-positive subjects and the seroconversion rate in this post-elimination setting were lower than that in transmission setting, the population still had an exposure risk. Serological surveillance should be considered in post-elimination settings to provide valuable information with which to evaluate the risk of malaria re-establishment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2235-2988
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1132917
    DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1132917.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1132917.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2619676-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Super Dominant Pathobiontic Bacteria in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Cause Secondary Bacterial Infection in COVID-19 Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-06-29)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-06-29)
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease responsible for many infections worldwide. Differences in respiratory microbiota may correlate with disease severity. Samples were collected from 20 severe and 51 mild COVID-19 patients. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to analyze the bacterial community composition of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The indices of diversity were analyzed. When one genus accounted for 〉 50% of reads from a sample, it was defined as a super dominant pathobiontic bacterial genus (SDPG). In the upper respiratory tract, uniformity indices were significantly higher in the mild group than in the severe group ( P 〈 0.001). In the lower respiratory tract, uniformity indices, richness indices, and the abundance-based coverage estimator were significantly higher in the mild group than in the severe group ( P 〈 0.001). In patients with severe COVID-19, SDPGs were detected in 40.7% of upper and 63.2% of lower respiratory tract samples. In patients with mild COVID-19, only 10.8% of upper and 8.5% of lower respiratory tract samples yielded SDPGs. SDPGs were present in both upper and lower tracts in seven patients (35.0%), among which six (30.0%) patients possessed the same SDPG in the upper and lower tracts. However, no patients with mild infections had an SDPG in both tracts. Staphylococcus , Corynebacterium , and Acinetobacter were the main SDPGs. The number of SDPGs identified differed significantly between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 ( P 〈 0.001). SDPGs in nasopharyngeal microbiota cause secondary bacterial infection in COVID-19 patients and aggravate pneumonia. IMPORTANCE The nasopharyngeal microbiota is composed of a variety of not only the true commensal bacterial species but also the two-face pathobionts, which are one a harmless commensal bacterial species and the other a highly invasive and deadly pathogen. In a previous study, we found that the diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiota was lost in severe influenza patients. We named the genus that accounted for over 50% of microbiota abundance as super dominant pathobiontic genus, which could invade to cause severe pneumonia, leading to high fatality. Similar phenomena were found here for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diversity of nasopharyngeal microbiota was lost in severe COVID-19 infection patients. SDPGs in nasopharyngeal microbiota were frequently detected in severe COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the SDPGs in nasopharynx microbiota might invade into low respiratory and be responsible for secondary bacterial pneumonia in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01956-21
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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