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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Water availability mediates functional shifts across ontogenetic stages in a regenerating seasonally dry tropical forest
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1088-1099
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1088-1099
    Abstract: Community assembly in regenerating forests is a key topic in ecology. Most studies examine the assembly process, assessing adult individuals along the forest succession. Although the adult stage is the final outcome of the assembly process, both abiotic and biotic filters can affect community assembly during early ontogenetic stages. Here, we investigate whether the functional composition and trait assembly patterns (trait convergence or divergence) change across ontogenetic stages along regenerating forest stands exposed to precipitation and chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) gradients. Location Caatinga dry forest, Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods Seeds (rain and bank), seedlings and adults of woody plant species were recorded across 15 forest regenerating stands (4–70 years since land abandonment) exposed to precipitation and CAD gradients. Seven functional traits related to species dispersal, establishment and resource use were measured for adult individuals and used to calculate the trait values for seeds and seedlings. Twenty old‐growth forest stands were used as a regional flora. Results Functional composition (community weighted mean, CWM) varied across ontogenetic stages as wood density increased from seeds to seedlings, while seed mass increased from seeds to both seedlings and adults. The CWM also varied along precipitation/disturbance gradients but not along forest regeneration regardless the ontogenetic stage. Among seeds, dispersal distance increased towards wetter forest stands and decreased towards disturbed sites, while adult wood density increased from drier to wetter regenerating forest stands. Traits converged along the precipitation gradient but not in response to time since land abandonment. Conclusions Caatinga dry forest regeneration is functionally structured across ontogenetic stages mediated mostly by water availability, but not over time since land abandonment. The effect of water availability on forest regeneration across ontogenetic stages highlights the complexity of species assembly in human modified landscapes, imposing important consequences considering the expected increasing aridity in the Caatinga.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12896
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
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    The importance of dispersal and species establishment in vegetation dynamics and resilience
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 935-942
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 935-942
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12958
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
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  • 3
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    Human‐mediated dispersal as a driver of vegetation dynamics: A conceptual synthesis
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 943-953
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 943-953
    Abstract: Human‐mediated dispersal (HMD) comprises human‐vectored dispersal (HVD; direct movement of organisms by people) and human‐altered dispersal (HAD; indirect change in dispersal patterns through human alteration of ecosystems). In the vegetation dynamics literature, human influence has primarily been studied in terms of perturbations to natural communities. Except for non‐native invasions, the role of HMD in vegetation dynamics has rarely been considered. Given the increasing human population and its pervasive impacts across the world, it is necessary to understand the different ways in which HMD drives changes in vegetation dynamics. Importantly how large are these influences and how do they disrupt natural processes? Method We reviewed studies examining aspects of HMD in relation to vegetation dynamics and used the broader literature to inform a conceptual synthesis of the impacts of HMD on vegetation dynamics. Results & Conclusions The propensity to be affected by HMD varies among species, and this is related to seed and plant traits. Together, these effects combine to determine whether HMD disrupts or enhances seed dispersal into a community. The ultimate consequences of changed arrival of seeds into a community are determined by the strength of the environmental and biotic filters, which govern the establishment and persistence of species. The effect of accidental HVD depends whether it follows the same rules as for natural dispersal; indeed humans might replace lost natural dispersers and thus enhance community resilience. Intentional HVD through sowing or planting will generally be highly disruptive especially as it often involves associated management. Traditionally, HAD has been considered to disrupt vegetation dynamics through, e.g., fragmentation or loss of natural dispersers. However, an HMD perspective can inform actions related to HAD that increase resilience, e.g., green infrastructure or vegetation management. Our framework encourages researchers to consider HMD holistically, to understand how the increasing human footprint might affect vegetation dynamics and resilience under future change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12888
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
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    Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2021-07)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2021-07)
    Abstract: Understanding fine‐grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine‐grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m 2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi‐natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open‐access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online ( https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer ) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high‐quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation‐plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v32.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13050
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Germination response of invasive plants to soil burial depth and litter accumulation is species‐specific
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1079-1087
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1079-1087
    Abstract: Plant invasions are considered among the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide. In a full‐factorial greenhouse experiment we analysed the effect of soil burial depth and litter cover on the germination of invasive plants. We hypothesised that: (a) burial depth and litter cover affect the germination of the studied species; (b) the effects of burial and litter cover interact with each other, and (c) the effects are species‐specific, but dependent on seed size. Methods We tested the germination and seedling growth of 11 herbaceous invasive species in a full‐factorial experiment using four levels of seed burial depths and litter cover. We analysed the effect of burial, litter cover, and their interactions on germination, seedling length and biomass across species and at the species level. Results Soil burial depth and litter cover had a significant effect on the germination of the studied species, but there were considerable differences between species. We observed a general trend of species with bigger seeds being not or less seriously affected by soil burial and litter cover than smaller‐seeded species. Correlations between seed weight and effect sizes mostly confirmed this general trend, but not in the case of soil burial. Conclusions Our findings confirmed that seed size is a major driver of species’ response to litter cover and to the combined effects of litter cover and soil burial, but there is no general trend regarding the response to soil burial depth. Despite its very small seeds, the germination of Cynodon dactylon was not affected by soil burial. The germination of Ambrosia artemisiifolia was hampered by both soil burial and litter cover despite its relatively large seeds. Thus, specific information on species’ response to burial depth and litter accumulation is crucial when planning management or restoration in areas threatened by plant invasions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12891
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    A new aspect of grassland vegetation dynamics: cyanobacterium colonies affect establishment success of plants
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2017-05), p. 475-483
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2017-05), p. 475-483
    Abstract: Cyanobacteria may have considerable effects on community functioning, mostly because they produce various metabolites that adversely affect other organisms. Here we synthesized existing knowledge about the effects of toxic cyanobacteria on the germination and growth of terrestrial plants. We also aimed to test the chemical effects of a Nostoc (Cyanobacteria) extract on the germination and growth of species of alkali habitats to investigate whether cyanobacteria can alter community structure and diversity via affecting the establishment success of plants. Location Cyanobacterium colonies from the Hortobágy National Park, east Hungary; indoor experiments at the University of Debrecen, Hungary. Methods To review the effects of toxic cyanobacteria on terrestrial plants, we conducted a literature search. To test these effects on native plants, field‐collected Nostoc colonies were used to prepare a cell‐free water extract, and treatments (watering with Nostoc extract and watering with tap water) were tested on 3 × 100 seeds of nine alkali grassland species. After 5 wk, seedling number, seedling length and fresh and dry weights were measured. Results We collected data on the effects of cyanobacteria on 27 species, but they were mostly focused on crops irrigated with cyanobacteria‐containing water, not on floras native to natural ecosystems. In the germination experiment species identity and treatment had a significant effect on almost all variables, but their interaction only affected germination rate and fresh weight. Fresh weight decreased significantly only in the invasive Hordeum jubatum , but germination rate decreased significantly in five species. Conclusions Based on our findings, terrestrial cyanobacterium colonies can affect the establishment success of grassland plants, through which they may be important in determining which species can be incorporated into the community. Thus, cyanobacteria might play an important role in shaping diversity, species composition and the structure of natural plant communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.2017.28.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12503
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
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    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Scale dependence of species–area relationships is widespread but generally weak in Palaearctic grasslands
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: Species–area relationships (SARs) are fundamental for understanding biodiversity patterns and are generally well described by a power law with a constant exponent z . However, z ‐values sometimes vary across spatial scales. We asked whether there is a general scale dependence of z ‐values at fine spatial grains and which potential drivers influence it. Location Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods We used 6,696 nested‐plot series of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens from the GrassPlot database with two or more grain sizes, ranging from 0.0001 m² to 1,024 m² and covering diverse open habitats. The plots were recorded with two widespread sampling approaches (rooted presence = species “rooting” inside the plot; shoot presence = species with aerial parts inside). Using Generalized Additive Models, we tested for scale dependence of z ‐values by evaluating if the z ‐values differ with gran size and tested for differences between the sampling approaches. The response shapes of z‐ values to grain were classified by fitting Generalized Linear Models with logit link to each series. We tested whether the grain size where the maximum z‐ value occurred is driven by taxonomic group, biogeographic or ecological variables. Results For rooted presence, we found a strong monotonous increase of z ‐values with grain sizes for all grain sizes below 1 m². For shoot presence, the scale dependence was much weaker, with hump‐shaped curves prevailing. Among the environmental variables studied, latitude, vegetation type, naturalness and land use had strong effects, with z ‐values of secondary peaking at smaller grain sizes. Conclusions The overall weak scale dependence of z ‐values underlines that the power function generally is appropriate to describe SARs within the studied grain sizes in continuous open vegetation, if recorded with the shoot presence method. When clear peaks of z ‐values occur, this can be seen as an expression of granularity of species composition, partly driven by abiotic environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v32.3
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13044
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    The germination niche of coastal dune species as related to their occurrence along a sea–inland gradient
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1112-1121
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1112-1121
    Abstract: The early phases in the life cycle of a plant are the bottleneck for successful species establishment thereby affecting population dynamics and distribution. In coastal environments, the spatial pattern of plant communities (i.e. vegetation zonation) follows the ecological gradient of abiotic stress changing with the distance from the sea. This pattern has been mainly explained based on the adaptation and tolerance to the abiotic stress of adult plants. However, the adult niche may considerably differ from the germination niche of a plant species. The aim of this work was to investigate to what extent abiotic factors (specifically salinity, temperature, nitrogen and their interactions) constrain seed germination along the sea–inland gradient. Location Latium coast (Central Italy). Methods Germination tests were performed on seeds of focal species of three different plant communities which establish at increasing distances from the coastline: Cakile maritima subsp . maritima , Elymus farctus , Crucianella maritima . We tested increasing concentrations of NaCl (one of the main abiotic factors which decrease across the sea–inland gradient), and their interactions with temperature and KNO 3 , to consider other factors which drive germination processes. Results The tolerance to salinity significantly decreased in relation to the position of species along the coastal zonation. Crucianella maritima was shown to be the least tolerant species, having a decrease in germination 〉 80% across all conditions. KNO 3 significantly (although slightly) increased the germination percentage in Cakile maritima subsp . maritima and Elymus farctus . When combined with NaCl, KNO 3 alleviated the negative effects of salinity only in Cakile maritima subsp . maritima . Conclusions The germination responses to the interaction among the tested factors suggest that the germination niche may explain vegetation zonation filtering species at their early stages. Quantifying environmental niches in different phases of the life cycle of plants may provide important insights into community assembly processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12899
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Zoochory on and off: A field experiment for trait‐based analysis of establishment success of grassland species
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2021-07)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2021-07)
    Abstract: We tested the establishment success of grassland species in the presence or absence of zoochory by livestock and identified the traits associated with successful establishment. Location Hortobágy National Park, Hungary. Methods In six restored species‐poor grasslands we established two species‐rich 4 m × 4 m source plots per site in 2013. One source plot was managed by extensive cattle grazing (“zoochory on”), the other one was fenced and protected from grazers (“zoochory off”). We monitored the vegetation development in the source plots (2014–2018), and the establishment success of sown species (2016–2018) in adjacent dispersal plots in four, 20‐m‐long strips per source plot in a total of 960 dispersal plots. We calculated community‐weighted means of thirteen plant traits related to regeneration and competitive ability. The effect of grazing, year, distance from source plots, grazing–year and grazing–distance interactions on population and trait dynamics in the source and dispersal plots were analysed with generalized linear mixed‐effect models. Results Although grazing reduced the cover and flowering success of sown species in the source plots, the number of successful establishment events was higher in dispersal plots next to grazed source plots. The sown species were the most abundant in plots adjacent to source plots, but occurred at all monitored distances. Zoochory favoured perennial plants with high specific leaf area (SLA), low leaf dry matter content (LDMC), short stature, light seeds, early flowering period, high clonal index and anemochory index. Conclusions We showed that species that can colonize the matrix with and without zoochory have contrasting trait syndromes. In grazing‐adapted ecosystems, fencing source populations of target species does not always seem to be a good option. It was a good tool for increasing the cover and flowering success of the sown species in the short run, but it significantly decreased their chance to colonize the surrounding area in the long run.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v32.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13051
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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