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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the microped size distributions of desert soils erodible by wind (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The microped size distribution of erodible soils is one of the main factors controlling the emissions of mineral aerosol. To date, the microped size distributions of desert soils in natural field conditions are not well known and thus the existing dust source models cannot be applied to natural sites. Based on dry sieving and elemental analysis of 26 soil samples collected in arid and semiarid regions, it is shown that the microped size distributions of these desert soil samples involve a combination of four major mass size populations. These four size populations correspond to salty soils, fine quartz sand, coarse dune sand and aluminosilicate silt. We show that the microped size distributions of the various desert soils, according to their mineralogical characteristics, can be calculated by a mixture involving two or three of these four populations. The main field of application for this scheme is the characterization of the erodible soil size distributions for modelling the atmospheric dust cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1996.tb01509.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-steady-state biological removal of atmospheric particles from Mediterranean surface waters (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 340 (1989), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sampling and analysis of total (wet + dry) atmospheric depo-sition samples for aluminium, an indicator of aluminosilicate minerals, have been described elsewhere1. Samples have been collected with a hemispheric plastic collector (of area 0.1 m2) at Capo Cavallo (42° 31' N, 8° 40' E), ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/340131a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametrization of the increase of the aeolian erosion threshold wind friction velocity due to soil moisture for arid and semi-arid areas (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1998), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Atmospheric composition and structure (Aerosols and particles) ; Hydrology (soil moisture)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Large-scale simulation of the soil-derived dust emission in semi-arid regions needs to account for the influence of the soil moisture on the wind erosion threshold. Soil water retention consists of molecular adsorption on the soil grain surface and capillary forces between the grain. Interparticle capillary forces (characterized by the moisture tension) are the main factor responsible for the increase of the wind erosion threshold observed when the soil moisture increases. When the soil moisture content is close to but smaller than the maximum amount of adsorbed water, w′ (depending on the soil texture), these capillary forces are considered as not strong enough to significantly increase the erosion threshold. An expression of the moisture tension as a function of soil moisture and w′ is derived from retention curves. From this expression, a parametrization of the ratio of the wet to dry erosion thresholds has been developed as a function of soil moisture and soil texture. The coefficients of this parametrization have been determined by using experimental data from the literature. An empirical relationship between w′ and soil clay content has been established. The erosion threshold ratios simulated for different soil textures were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0149-7
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mesoscale study of the elemental composition of aerosols emitted from Mt. Etna Volcano (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 1107-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract An aircraft survey was carried out for the study of the gaseous and particulate emissions over Mt Etna Volcano in September 1983. Samples were collected in the range from 10 to 300 km; a satisfying conservation of the elemental composition of the aerosol has been observed. Some activity fluctuation, 150 km from the emitter, was attributed to an ash fall episode. Sampling assumed that some crustal elements in the volcanic aerosol can be used to measure the plume dilution factor. New estimations of volcanic particulate fluxes are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952366
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of atmospheric particulate matter over the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 15 (1992), S. 333-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Marine aerosol ; Saharan dust ; trace metals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During the ANT VII/1 cruise of the RV Polarstern from Bremerhaven (Germany) to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), atmospheric particulate matter was collected by bulk filtration with a time step of 36 hours. Elemental analyses were performed in order to determine atmospheric aerosol concentrations of Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Zn over the North Sea, the Channel, and the North and South Atlantic. The slight and continuous moving in latitude, associated with the large variability in concentration levels and chemical composition, allow us to point out the relative influence of the major sources of particulate matter: desert soil-dust in the tropical North Atlantic, anthropogenic emissions in the North Sea and the Channel, and biomass burning and continental biogenic activity in the tropical South Atlantic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Source, transport and deposition of atmospheric phosphorus over the Northwestern Mediterranean (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 14 (1992), S. 501-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Atmospheric concentrations and total deposition (wet+dry) of phosphorus were measured over the northwestern Mediterranean between april 1985 and march 1988. A seasonal cycle of both atmospheric concentrations and total deposition is observed, the higher values being recorded during the dry season. Air-mass trajectory analyses allow an identification of the major sources of atmospheric phosphorus: soil-derived dust from desert areas of north Africa and anthropogenic emissions from european countries. The impact of the atmospheric input as a source of phosphorus for surface Mediterrancan waters is tentatively assessed on both annual and seasonal time scales. The results suggest that the atmospheric input of phosphorus could be significant to Mediterranean oligotrophic zones, especially during summer when phosphorus input from deeper waters into the photic layer is minimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115254
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium solubility in rainwater and molten snow (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 17 (1993), S. 29-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: rainwater chemistry ; solubility ; aluminium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Large variations of aluminium solubilities are found in marine and rural precipitations. The results of seven field experiments are used to produce a model of the solubilization of aluminium independent of the sampling site. Large variations of solubility appear, and the pH seems to be a major factor explaining this solubility changes. Thermodynamic calculations at T=278K suggest that, at higher pHs (〉5), equilibrium with gibbsite (αAl(OH)3) or a trivalent alkaline insoluble form acts as a limiting of aluminium solubility and at lower pHs (〈5), Al could be in equilibrium with a hydroxysulfate salt Al(OH)1.5(SO4)0.75.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699112
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