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  • 1
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    Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx): 2. Evaluating Linear Kinematic Features in High‐Resolution Sea Ice Simulations (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Simulating sea ice drift and deformation in the Arctic Ocean is still a challenge because of the multiscale interaction of sea ice floes that compose the Arctic Sea ice cover. The Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx) is a model intercomparison project of the Forum of Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS). In SIREx, skill metrics are designed to evaluate different recently suggested approaches for modeling linear kinematic features (LKFs) to provide guidance for modeling small‐scale deformation. These LKFs are narrow bands of localized deformation that can be observed in satellite images and also form in high resolution sea ice simulations. In this contribution, spatial and temporal properties of LKFs are assessed in 36 simulations of state‐of‐the‐art sea ice models and compared to deformation features derived from the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System. All simulations produce LKFs, but only very few models realistically simulate at least some statistics of LKF properties such as densities, lengths, or growth rates. All SIREx models overestimate the angle of fracture between conjugate pairs of LKFs and LKF lifetimes pointing to inaccurate model physics. The temporal and spatial resolution of a simulation and the spatial resolution of atmospheric boundary condition affect simulated LKFs as much as the model's sea ice rheology and numerics. Only in very high resolution simulations (≤2 km) the concentration and thickness anomalies along LKFs are large enough to affect air‐ice‐ocean interaction processes.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Winds and ocean currents continuously move and deform the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean. The deformation eventually breaks an initially closed ice cover into many individual floes, piles up floes, and creates open water. The distribution of ice floes and open water between them is important for climate research, because ice reflects more light and energy back to the atmosphere than open water, so that less ice and more open water leads to warmer oceans. Current climate models cannot simulate sea ice as individual floes. Instead, a variety of methods is used to represent the movement and deformation of the sea ice cover. The Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx) compares these different methods and assesses the deformation of sea ice in 36 numerical simulations. We identify and track deformation features in the ice cover, which are distinct narrow areas where the ice is breaking or piling up. Comparing specific spatial and temporal properties of these features, for example, the different amounts of fractured ice in specific regions, or the duration of individual deformation events, to satellite observations provides information about the realism of the simulations. From this comparison, we can learn how to improve sea ice models for more realistic simulations of sea ice deformation.
    Description: Key Points: All models simulate linear kinematic features (LKFs), but none accurately reproduces all LKF statistics. Resolved LKFs are affected strongest by spatial and temporal resolution of model grid and atmospheric forcing and rheology. Accurate scaling of deformation rates is a proxy only for realistic LKF numbers but not for any other LKF static.
    Description: DOE
    Description: HYCOM NOPP
    Description: Innovation Fund Denmark and the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union
    Description: National centre for Climate Research, SALIENSEAS, ERA4CS
    Description: German Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change)
    Description: Gouvernement du Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038
    Description: Environment and Climate Change Canada Grants & Contributions program
    Description: Office of Naval Research Arctic and Global Prediction program
    Description: U.S. Department of Energy Regional and Global Model Analysis program
    Description: National Science Foundation Arctic System Science program
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://zenodo.org/communities/sirex
    Keywords: ddc:550.285
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
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    Impact of Cyclonic Wind Anomalies Caused by Massive Winter Sea Ice Retreat in the Barents Sea on Atlantic Water Transport Toward the Arctic: A Model Study (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: The Arctic is warming much faster than the global average. This is known as Arctic Amplification and is caused by feedbacks in the local climate system. In this study, we explore a previously proposed hypothesis that an associated wind feedback in the Barents Sea could play an important role by increasing the warm water inflow into the Barents Sea. We find that the strong recent decrease in Barents Sea winter sea ice cover causes enhanced ocean‐atmosphere heat flux and a local air temperature increase, thus a reduction in sea level pressure and a local cyclonic wind anomaly with eastward winds in the Barents Sea Opening. By investigating various reanalysis products and performing high‐resolution perturbation experiments with the ocean and sea ice model FESOM2.1, we studied the impact of cyclonic atmospheric circulation changes on the warm Atlantic Water import into the Arctic via the Barents Sea and Fram Strait. We found that the observed wind changes do not significantly affect the warm water transport into the Barents Sea, which rejects the wind‐feedback hypothesis. At the same time, the cyclonic wind anomalies in the Barents Sea increase the amount of Atlantic Water recirculating westwards in Fram Strait by a downslope shift of the West Spitsbergen Current, and thus reduce Atlantic Water reaching the Arctic basin via Fram Strait. The resulting warm‐water anomaly in the Greenland Sea Gyre drives a local anticyclonic circulation anomaly.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The Barents Sea has been experiencing a rapid decrease in its winter sea ice extent during the last 30 years. The loss of sea ice creates new areas where, in winter, the relatively warm ocean loses heat to the cold atmosphere. As warm air rises, the warming reduces the sea level air pressure, changing the atmospheric circulation to develop a local anticlockwise wind system centered over the northern Barents Sea. The associated eastward winds in the Barents Sea Opening and southeastward winds in Fram Strait affect how warm water from the North Atlantic moves toward the Arctic. There has been a long debate on whether this wind anomaly can increase the warm Atlantic Water transport into the Barents Sea and thus cause a positive feedback mechanism for further reducing the sea ice through melting. We find that the observed atmospheric circulation changes have no significant impact on the Barents Sea warm water inflow and thus reject the wind feedback as a strong player in contributing to Arctic Amplification. However, strong anomalous southeastward winds in Fram Strait and the northern Nordic Seas cause a southward shift of the warm Atlantic Water recirculation and reduce its flow toward the Arctic.
    Description: Key Points: A hypothesis that a wind feedback contributes to Arctic Amplification is rejected by performing dedicated wind perturbation simulations. Winter sea ice retreat in the northern Barents Sea causes anomalous cyclonic winds by locally enhancing ocean heat loss. Anomalous cyclonic winds result in less Atlantic Water transport through Fram Strait.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: North‐German Supercomputing Alliance
    Description: https://github.com/FESOM/fesom2
    Description: https://doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5065/D6HH6H41
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5065/D6WH2N0S
    Description: https://github.com/FESOM/pyfesom2
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7458143
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Barents Sea ; Arctic Amplification ; feedback ; Atlantic water ; modeling ; Fram Strait
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical resistivity of molten indium–antimony alloys (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4623-4625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The resistivity of liquid indium–antimony (In1−xSbx) alloys has been measured as a function of temperature and concentration. On the In-rich side, the resistivity increases linearly with raising temperature and rapidly with addition of Sb concentration. For Sb-rich alloys, clear turning points are found in the temperature coefficient of resistivity; the resistivity behaves smoothly with concentration and shows a peak around x=0.8. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPID AND EFFICIENT GENERATION OF PCR TEMPLATES FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI, SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AND ORYZA SATIVA USING A MICROWAVE AND BY BOILING (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Simple methods for the preparation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) templates from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Oryza sativa using a microwave and by boiling are described without the need for any special chemical reagent such as a detergent. The microwave and boiling methods were robust for the preparation of both plasmid and genomic templates of E. coli, as was the boiling approach for S. cerevisiae DNA. The microwave procedure was only suitable for dry yeast colonies with fair efficiency as absence of water (H2O) was critical for a successful PCR. Oryza sativa genomic DNA was amplified with both approaches with satisfactory efficiency. Escherichia coli plasmids can be prepared using a microwave with a yield equivalent to 15–20% of an alkaline lysis mini-prep. PCR templates were also efficiently generated from Pichia pastoris and Ganoderma lucidum by using the boiling method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2005.00003.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetric diblock copolymer thin films confined between homogeneous and patterned surfaces: Simulations and theory (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9996-10010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have investigated the ability of a simple phenomenological theory to describe the behavior of symmetric diblock copolymer thin films confined between two hard surfaces. Prior knowledge of the morphology in the confined films is crucial for applying this theory to predict the phase diagram of such systems. Taking advantage of our observations in Monte Carlo simulations, we use the theory to construct phase diagrams for thin films confined between patterned-homogeneous surfaces, and obtain good agreement with our results of simulations. Two conditions are essential for obtaining long-range ordered perpendicular lamellae: a lower stripe-patterned surface with the surface pattern period Ls comparable to the bulk lamellar period L0, and an upper neutral or weakly preferential surface. We have also examined the undulation of perpendicular lamellae between two hard surfaces. For the cases of two homogeneous (preferential) surfaces and patterned-preferential surfaces, our calculations using the phenomenological theory indicate that the amplitudes of the undulation are on the same order of magnitude as observed in our Monte Carlo simulations, and are one order of magnitude larger than previously reported. The theory, however, is unable to capture the shape of the undulation. For the case of patterned-neutral surfaces, we find that an earlier analysis is unable to yield the undulations that would stabilize the perpendicular lamellar morphology. We have addressed this issue and obtained undulations that are consistent with our observations from Monte Carlo simulations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481635
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulations of diblock copolymer thin films confined between two homogeneous surfaces (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 450-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin films of symmetric diblock copolymers confined between two hard, flat and homogeneous surfaces have been investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations on a simple cubic lattice. For such simulations, the match between bulk lamellar period L0 and the simulation box size is crucial to obtain meaningful results. The simulations have been performed in an expanded grand-canonical ensemble, where the chemical potential and the temperature of the confined films are specified and the density is allowed to fluctuate. The dependence of morphology, density, and chain conformation in the confined films on the type of surfaces, surface separation, and the strength of surface-block interactions has been studied systematically. Our results are consistent with experimental findings. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480639
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal cord injury induces expression of RGS7 in microglia/macrophages in rats (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 15 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: RGS proteins regulate G protein-mediated signalling pathways through direct interaction with the Gα subunits and facilitation of GTP hydrolysis. An RGS subfamily consisting of RGS 6, 7, 9, and 11 also interacts with the G protein β subunit Gβ5 via a characteristic Gγ-like domain. Thus far, these complexes were found only in neurons, with RGS7 being the most widely distributed in the brain. Here we confirm the expression of RGS7 in spinal neurons and show as a novel finding that following an experimental spinal cord injury in rats, expression of RGS7 is induced in a subpopulation of other cells. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy using a series of cell specific antibodies identified these RGS7 positive cells as activated microglia and/or invading peripheral macrophages. To rule out interference from the adjacent neurons and confirm the presence of RGS7-Gβ5 complex in inflammatory cells, we performed immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunoprecipitation using microglial (BV2) and peripheral macrophage (RAW) cell lines. Expression of RGS7 mRNA and protein are nearly undetectable in non-stimulated BV2 and RAW cells, but remarkably increased after stimulation with LPS or TNF-α In addition, RGS7-positive cells were also found in the perinodular rim in the rat spleen. Our findings show that RGS7-Gβ5 complex is expressed in immunocompetent cells such as resident microglia and peripheral macrophages following spinal cord injury. This expression might contribute to the post-traumatic inflammatory responses in the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.01916.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rationally designed anti-HER2/neu peptide mimetic disables P185 HER2/neu tyrosine kinases in vitro and in vivo (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 18 (2000), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Monoclonal antibodies specific for the p185HER2/neu growth factor receptor represent a significant advance in receptor-based therapy for p185HER2/neu-expressing human cancers. We have used a structure-based approach to develop a small (1.5 kDa) exocyclic anti-HER2/neu peptide mimic (AHNP) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/72651
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of satellite imagery to monitoring of sea ice motion in North China Sea
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 12 (1992), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(92)90212-G
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biopathologic characteristics of DNA content in crypt cells of transitional mucosa adjacent to carcinomas of the rectum and rectosigmoid (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 670-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal carcinomas ; Transitional mucosa ; DNA content ; Sialomucin ; Image cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The transitional mucosa (TM) adjacent to carcinomas of the large bowel shows histologic and mucin histochemical changes that may indicate premalignant change and may be of prognostic value after radical resection. In this study, 10 anterior resection specimens from patients with carcinomas of the rectum and rectosigmoid were used to compare the nuclear DNA content in TM with those in cancer tissue and with those in nontransitional mucosa (N-TM; i.e.,uninvolved mucosa remote from tumors showing normal histologic and mucin histochemical features). The nuclear DNA content was assessed using DNA image cytometry on Feulgen-stained sections. As compared with N-TM, crypts in TM contained greater numbers of cells, were elongated, and were more likely to be branched with marked sialomucin secretion, accompanied by a marked reduction in the normal sulfomucin content. The mean nuclear DNA content in the upper, middle, and lower thirds of crypts was significantly higher in TM than in N-TM, and the nuclear DNA content in TM exhibited no correlation to that in tumors. The results suggest that TM adjacent to carcinomas of the rectum and rectosigmoid has higher proliferative activity, providing further evidence that TM may be an unstable premalignant change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053758
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