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  • Articles  (4)
  • Symbiosis  (4)
  • 1
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    An endobiont-bearing allogromiid from the Santa Barbara Basin : implications for the early diversification of foraminifera (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (2006): G03002, doi:10.1029/2005JG000158.
    Description: Our current understanding of paleoecology and paleoceanography is largely based on the superb Phanerozoic fossil record of foraminiferan protists. The early history of the group is unresolved, however, because basal foraminiferans (allogromiids) are unmineralized and thus fossilize poorly. Molecular-clock studies date foraminiferal origins to the Neoproterozoic, but the deep sea – one of Earth’s most extensive habitats and presently a significant fraction of basal foraminiferal diversity— was probably anoxic at that time and, until now, anaerobic allogromiids were unknown. Molecular, cell and ecological analyses reveal the presence of a previously unknown allogromiid inhabiting anoxic, sulfidic deep-sea sediments (Santa Barbara Basin, California, USA). The fact that the new foraminifer harbors prokaryotic endobionts implicates symbiogenesis as a driving force in early foraminiferal diversification.
    Description: The Wadsworth Center’s Electron Microscopy, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics Core facilities, as well as its National Biotechnology Resource for the Visualization of Biological Complexity (supported by a NIH BRTP/NCRR grant) are gratefully acknowledged. Funded by NASA Exobiology NRA-01-01-EXB-057 (to J.M.B.); W. Storrs Cole Memorial Research Award (Geological Society of America, to J.M.B.); NSF DEB0445181 (to S.S.B.).
    Keywords: Foraminifera ; Santa Barbara Basin ; Symbiosis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Potential importance of physiologically diverse benthic foraminifera in sedimentary nitrate storage and respiration (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): G03002, doi:10.1029/2012JG001949.
    Description: Until recently, the process of denitrification (conversion of nitrate or nitrite to gaseous products) was thought to be performed exclusively by prokaryotes and fungi. The finding that foraminifera perform complete denitrification could impact our understanding of nitrate removal in sediments as well as our understanding of eukaryotic respiration, especially if it is widespread. However, details of this process and the subcellular location of these reactions in foraminifera remain uncertain. For example, prokaryotic endobionts, rather than the foraminifer proper, could perform denitrification, as has been shown recently in an allogromiid foraminifer. Here, intracellular nitrate concentrations and isotope ratios (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) were measured to assess the nitrate dynamics in four benthic foraminiferal species (Bolivina argentea, Buliminella tenuata, Fursenkoina cornuta, Nonionella stella) with differing cellular architecture and associations with microbial endobionts, recovered from Santa Barbara Basin, California. Cellular nitrate concentrations were high (12–217 mM) in each species, and intracellular nitrate often had elevated δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 values. Experiments including suboxic and anoxic incubations of B. argentea revealed a decrease in intracellular nitrate concentration and an increase in δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 over time, indicating nitrate respiration and/or denitrification within the foraminifera. Results illustrate that nitrate reduction occurs in a range of foraminiferal species, including some possessing endobionts (including a chloroplast-sequestering species) and others lacking endobionts, implying that microbial associates may not solely be responsible for this process in foraminifera. Furthermore, we show that benthic foraminifera may represent important reservoirs of nitrate storage in sediments, as well as mediators of its removal.
    Description: This research was supported by NSF grant EF-0702491 to JMB, KLC, and VPE.
    Description: 2013-01-03
    Keywords: SSU rRNA ; Santa Barbara Basin ; Denitrification ; NirK ; NirS ; Symbiosis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Prevalence of partnerships between bacteria and ciliates in oxygen-depleted marine water columns (2014)
    Frontiers Media
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 3 (2012): 341, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00341.
    Description: Symbioses between Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya in deep-sea marine environments represent a means for eukaryotes to exploit otherwise inhospitable habitats. Such symbioses are abundant in many low-oxygen benthic marine environments, where the majority of microbial eukaryotes contain prokaryotic symbionts. Here, we present evidence suggesting that in certain oxygen-depleted marine water-column habitats, the majority of microbial eukaryotes are also associated with prokaryotic cells. Ciliates (protists) associated with bacteria were found to be the dominant eukaryotic morphotype in the haloclines of two different deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. These findings are compared to associations between ciliates and bacteria documented from the permanently anoxic waters of the Cariaco Basin (Caribbean Sea). The dominance of ciliates exhibiting epibiotic bacteria across three different oxygen-depleted marine water column habitats suggests that such partnerships confer a fitness advantage for ciliates in these environments.
    Description: This work was funded by NSF grant OCE-0849578 and to Virginia P. Edgcomb and Joan M. Bernhard, and OCE-1061774 to Virginia P. Edgcomb and Craig Taylor (WHOI).
    Keywords: Ciliate ; SEM ; rRNA ; Anoxic ; OMZ ; Hypersaline ; Symbiosis ; CARD-FISH
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    Structured multiple endosymbiosis of bacteria and archaea in a ciliate from marine sulfidic sediments : a survival mechanism in low oxygen, sulfidic sediments? (2014)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 2 (2011): 55, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00055.
    Description: Marine micro-oxic to sulfidic environments are sites of intensive biogeochemical cycling and elemental sequestration, where prokaryotes are major driving forces mediating carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metal cycles, important from both biogeochemical and evolutionary perspectives. Associations between single-celled eukaryotes and bacteria and/or archaea are common in such habitats. Here we describe a ciliate common in the micro-oxic to anoxic, typically sulfidic, sediments of Santa Barbara Basin (CA, USA). The ciliate is 95% similar to Parduzcia orbis (18S rRNA). Transmission electron micrographs reveal clusters of at least three different endobiont types organized within membrane-bound sub-cellular regions. Catalyzed reporter deposition–fluorescent in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA clone libraries confirm the symbionts include up to two sulfate reducers (Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfobacteraceae), a methanogen (Methanobacteriales), and possibly a Bacteroidete (Cytophaga) and a Type I methanotroph, suggesting synergistic metabolisms in this environment. This case study is discussed in terms of implications to biogeochemistry, and benthic ecology.
    Description: This research was supported by grants from NSF (MCB-0604084 to Virginia P. Edgcomb and Joan M. Bernhard and MCB-0702491 to Joan M. Bernhard, Virginia P. Edgcomb, and K. L. Casciotti).
    Keywords: Ciliate ; Anoxia ; Symbiosis ; TEM ; SSU rRNA ; FISH
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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