Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Services - Theory and Practice -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Ecological Engineering: History and Definition -- 1.3 Ecosystem Services: History, Concepts, and Dimensions -- 1.3.1 Sizing Ecosystem Services -- 1.3.2 Agriculture and Ecosystem Services -- 1.4 Final Considerations: Challenges for the Future -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering for Economic-Environmental Revitalization -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Revitalization of Physical/Environmental Factors -- 2.2.1 Low Temperature -- 2.2.2 Limited Soil Drainage and Shallow Rooting Depth -- 2.2.3 Unfavorable Texture and Stoniness -- 2.2.4 Sloping Areas -- 2.2.5 Dryness -- 2.2.6 Waterlogging -- 2.3 Revitalization of Chemical Factors -- 2.3.1 Acidity -- 2.3.2 Heavy Metals and Organic Contaminants -- 2.3.3 Salinity and Sodicity -- 2.4 Economic Revitalization of Degraded Soil Ecosystems -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Environmental Issues and Priority Areas for Ecological Engineering Initiatives -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Concepts of Ecological Engineering -- 3.3 Practice and Implication of Ecological Engineering -- 3.4 Priority Areas for Ecological Engineering -- 3.4.1 Coastal Ecosystem Restoration -- 3.4.2 Mangrove Restoration -- 3.4.3 River and Wetland Restoration -- 3.4.4 Ecological Engineering in Soil Restoration and Agriculture -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Soil Meso- and Macrofauna Indicators of Restoration Success in Rehabilitated Mine Sites -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Restoration to Combat Land Degradation -- 4.3 Mine Rehabilitation -- 4.3.1 Mine Tailings -- 4.3.2 Rehabilitation of Mine Tailings -- 4.3.3 The Challenge of Metal Mine Rehabilitation. , 4.4 Restoration Success Assessment: Monitoring Diversity, Vegetation, and Ecological Processes -- 4.4.1 Monitoring Diversity -- 4.4.2 Vegetation -- 4.4.3 Ecological Processes -- 4.5 Gaps in the Assessment of Restoration Success in Mine Sites -- 4.6 Increasing Restoration Success by Enhancing Soil Biodiversity and Soil Multifunctionality -- 4.7 Using Keystone Species and Ecosystem Engineers in Restoration -- 4.7.1 Earthworms -- 4.7.2 Ants -- 4.7.3 Termites -- 4.7.4 Collembola and Mites -- 4.8 Conclusions and Further Perspective for the Restoration of Metalliferous Tailings -- References -- Chapter 5 Ecological Engineering and Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Emerging Urban Environmental Threats -- 5.1 Dimensions of Ecological Engineering in the Frame of Ecosystem Service Provision -- 5.2 Landfill Afteruse Practices Based on Ecological Engineering and Green Infrastructure -- 5.2.1 Old Landfill Closure and Rehabilitation Procedures -- 5.2.2 Landfill Restoration Examples Around the World -- 5.2.2.1 Conventional Landfill Closure (Campulung, Romania) -- 5.2.2.2 Elbauenpark Including Am Cracauer Anger Landfill (Magdeburg, Germany) -- 5.2.2.3 World Cup Park (Nanjido Landfill, Seoul, South Korea) -- 5.2.2.4 Fudekeng Environmental Restoration Park (Taiwan) -- 5.2.2.5 Hong Kong -- 5.2.2.6 Hyria Landfill Site (Tel Aviv, Israel) -- 5.2.2.7 Valdemingomez Forest Park (Madrid, Spain) -- 5.2.2.8 Freshkills Park - A Mega Restoration Project in the US -- 5.3 Role of Ecological Engineering in Transforming Brownfields into Greenfields -- 5.3.1 UGI Options for Brownfield Recycling -- 5.3.2 Pilot Case: Restoration of a Brownfield to Provide ES - Albert Railway Station (Dresden, Germany) Transformation into the Weißeritz Greenbelt -- 5.4 Green Infrastructures for Mitigating Urban Transport-Induced Threats -- 5.4.1 Transportation Heritage from the Industrial Period. , 5.4.2 The Cases of the Rose Kennedy Greenway and Cheonggyecheon River Restoration -- 5.4.2.1 The Concept: Expressway-to-Greenway Conversion -- 5.4.2.2 Environmental Efficiency and Effectiveness -- 5.4.2.3 Social Impact -- 5.4.2.4 Economic Efficiency -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Urban Environmental Issues and Mitigation by Applying Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering -- 6.1 Urbanization -- 6.2 Global Trends of Urbanization and Its Consequences -- 6.3 Urban Environmental Issues -- 6.3.1 Physical Urban Environmental Issues -- 6.3.1.1 Urban Heat Islands -- 6.3.1.2 Urban Flooding -- 6.3.1.3 Urban Pollution (Air, Water, Noise) and Waste Management -- 6.3.2 Biological Urban Environmental Issues -- 6.3.2.1 Declining Urban Ecosystem Services Due to Loss of Biodiversity -- 6.3.2.2 Increasing Disease Epidemiology -- 6.4 Ecosystem Engineering -- 6.5 Approaches for Mitigation of Urban Environmental Issues -- 6.5.1 Nature-Based Solutions -- 6.5.1.1 Green Infrastructure (GI) -- 6.5.1.2 Urban Wetlands and Riparian Forests -- 6.5.1.3 Solar Energy -- 6.5.2 Artificial Engineering Approaches -- 6.5.3 Landfill Gas as an Alternative Source of Energy: Waste to Wealth -- 6.5.3.1 Wastewater/Sewage Treatment Plants as Sources of Energy -- 6.5.3.2 Rainwater Harvesting -- 6.5.3.3 Constructed Floating Islands for Water Treatment -- 6.5.3.4 Microgrids -- 6.6 Future Perspective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Soil Fertility Restoration, Theory and Practice -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Materials and Methods -- 7.3 Results -- 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 8 Extracellular Soil Enzymes Act as Moderators to Restore Carbon in Soil Habitats -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Soil Organic Matter (SOM) -- 8.3 Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) -- 8.4 Soil Carbon Sequestration -- 8.5 Extracellular Soil Enzymes. , 8.6 Interactive Role of Extracellular Soil Enzymes in Soil Carbon Transformation -- 8.6.1 Cellulase -- 8.6.2 -Glucosidase -- 8.6.3 Invertase -- 8.6.4 Amylase -- 8.6.5 Xylanase -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Ecological Engineering for Solid Waste Segregation, Reduction, and Resource Recovery - A Contextual Analysis in Brazil -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Municipal Solid Waste in Brazil -- 9.3 Compostable Waste -- 9.4 Anaerobic Digestion -- 9.5 Recycling -- 9.6 Burning Waste Tires -- 9.7 Energy Recovery -- 9.8 Coprocessing Industrial Waste in Cement Kilns -- References -- Chapter 10 Urban Floods and Mitigation by Applying Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering -- 10.1 Sustainable Ecosystems through Engineering Approaches -- 10.2 Flooding and, Specifically, Urban Flooding as a Problem of Interest -- 10.3 Causes and Impacts of Urban Flooding -- 10.4 Protection Against and Mitigation of Urban Flooding in the Context of Sustainability -- 10.4.1 Living with Floods as a Sustainable Approach -- 10.4.2 Urban Flood Risk Management -- 10.4.3 Integrated and Interactive Flood Management -- 10.4.4 Structural and Nonstructural Measures for Flood Control -- 10.4.5 River and Wetland Restoration -- 10.4.6 Low Impact Development (LID) and Best Management Practices (BMPs) -- 10.5 Conclusions and Future Scope -- References -- Chapter 11 Ecological Engineering and Restoration of Mine Ecosystems -- 11.1 Background and Definitions -- 11.2 Ecological Criteria for Successful Mine Site Restoration -- 11.3 Examples of Reclamation Technology and Afforestation in Mining Areas -- 11.4 Selected Reclamation Practices Versus Mining Extraction and Environmental Conditions -- 11.5 Final Comments and Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12 Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Mine Land: Theory to Practice -- 12.1 Introduction. , 12.2 Integration of Ecology Theory, Restoration Ecology, and Ecological Restoration -- 12.2.1 Disturbance -- 12.2.2 Succession -- 12.2.3 Fragmentation -- 12.2.4 Ecosystem Functions -- 12.2.5 Restoration -- 12.2.6 Reclamation -- 12.2.7 Rehabilitation -- 12.2.8 Regeneration -- 12.2.9 Recovery -- 12.3 Restoration Planning -- 12.4 Components of Restoration -- 12.4.1 Natural Processes -- 12.4.2 Physical and Nutritional Constraints -- 12.4.3 Species Diversity -- 12.5 Afforestation of Mine-Degraded Land -- 12.5.1 Miyawaki Planting Methods -- 12.6 Methods of Evaluating Ecological Restoration Success -- 12.6.1 Criteria for Restoration Success -- 12.6.2 Indicator Parameters of a Restored Ecosystem -- 12.6.3 Soil Quality Index -- 12.7 Development of a Post-Mining Ecosystem: A Case Study in India -- 12.8 Conclusions and Future Research -- References -- Chapter 13 Wetland, Watershed, and Lake Restoration -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Renovation of Wastewater -- 13.2.1 Physical Methods -- 13.2.2 Chemical Methods -- 13.2.3 Biological Methods -- 13.2.4 Other Methods -- 13.3 Restoration of Bodies of Water -- 13.3.1 Watersheds -- 13.3.2 Wetlands -- 13.3.2.1 Methods of Restoring Wetlands -- 13.3.3 Rivers -- 13.3.4 Lakes -- 13.3.5 Streams -- 13.3.6 Case Studies -- 13.4 Problems Encountered in Restoration Projects -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Restoration of Riverine Health: An Ecohydrological Approach -Flow Regimes and Aquatic Biodiversity -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Habitat Ecology -- 14.2.1 Riverine Habitats -- 14.2.2 Linked Ecosystems -- 14.3 Riverine Issues -- 14.3.1 Bank Erosion, Siltation, and Aggradations of Rivers -- 14.3.2 Deforestation in Catchment Areas -- 14.3.3 River Pollution and Invasive Species -- 14.3.4 Fishing Pressure -- 14.3.5 Status of Wetlands (FPLs) -- 14.3.6 Regulated Rivers and Their Impacts. , 14.4 Ecorestoration of River Basins.