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  • Articles  (13)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (8)
  • Renovascular hypertension  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Captopril ; Kidney function ; Essential hypertension ; Renovascular hypertension ; Renal parenchymatous hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study long-term effects of captopril on renal function in patients with various forms of severe hypertension, serum creatinine values were monitored in 76 patients under captopril therapy over a period of up to 3 years. Three different groups were formed: (1) patients with essential hypertension (n=37); (2) patients with renovascular hypertension (n=20); (3) patients with renal parenchymatous hypertension (n=19). In each of the three groups reduction in blood pressure was accompanied by increases in serum creatinine. However, both changes were more pronounced in patients with renovascular hypertension. In this group only the rise in creatinine was statistically significant and showed a slight progression with duration of captopril treatment. Group specific analysis revealed that the increase was smaller in patients with unilateral (n=16) renovascular disease than in those with bilateral (n=4) involvement, but in the former it was still significantly higher than in patients with essential or renal parenchymatous hypertension. Separation of patients according to the underlying disease of renovascular hypertension showed that renal function deteriorated less in patients with arteriosclerotic origin (n=10) than in those with fibromuscular dysplasia (n=8). Statistical evaluation of subjects with renovascular and essential hypertension still revealed significant differences in creatinine when the patients with initial plasma renin activity (PRA) below and above 6 ng/ml·3 h were compared separately. A significant correlation (r=0.73;P〈0.05) between blood pressure reduction and creatinine changes was obtained only for patients with renovascular hypertension. Finally, in all three groups of patients creatinine changes were statistically independent from daily dosages of captopril. From these data we conclude that sustained impairment of kidney function by captopril is mainly restricted to patients with renovascular hypertension and possibly results from the combined effects of low renal perfusion pressure and interference with intrarenal regulation of glomerular filtration rate by a postulated angiotensin-II-mediated mechanism.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renovascular hypertension ; Fibromuscular hyperplasia ; Coarctation of the aorta ; Renin angiotensin system ; Renovaskuläre Hypertonie ; Fibromuskuläre Dysplasie ; Coarctatio aortae ; Renin-Angiotensin-System
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 10 Fälle mit fibromuskulär bedingter renovaskulärer Hypertonie und gleichzeitigem Befall extrarenaler Arterien untersucht. Das Patientenkollektiv zeigte eine deutliche Prävalenz des weiblichen Geschlechts (90%), das mittlere Alter betrug 31,4±12,0 Jahre und die Hypertoniedauer 3,2±4,0 Jahre. 4 der 10 Patienten wiesen Stenosen einer und 6 Stenosen bzw. Verschlüsse beider Nierenarterien auf. 2 (20%) Patientinnen zeigten neben fibromuskulären Umbauprozessen der Nierenarterien eine abdonale Coarctatio aortae. Andere Körperarterien waren mit abnehmender Häufigkeit wie folgt befallen: Arteria mesenterica superior (50%), Arteria subclavia und/oder Truncus brachiocephalicus (40%), Arteriae carotides und/oder deren Äste (30%), Truncus coeliacus (30%), Arterien der Beckenstrombahn (30%), Arteriae vertebrales (10%) und Arteria mesenterica inferior (10%). Im Vordergrund der klinischen Symptomatik stand bei 8 der 10 Patienten die Hypertonie. Beschwerden von seiten extrarenaler Gefäßveränderungen waren in diesen Fällen bei Diagnosestellung gering. In 2 Fällen mit Befall von 2 bzw. aller 3 Intestinalgefäße bestand eine Angina abdominalis. 2 Patientinnen mit Stenosen der Beckengefäße zeigten eine Claudicatio intermittens, während Stenosen bzw. Verschlüsse im Subclaviabereich nur bei starker Belastung zu Claudicationsbeschwerden führten und deshalb über einen längeren Zeitpunkt unerkannt blieben. Eine Patientin mit Verschlüssen der Arteriae carotides internae hatte zweimal einen cerebralen Insult durchgemacht. Eine seitengetrennte Bestimmung der Plasma-Renin-Aktivität im Nierenvenenblut wurde bei 7 der 10 Patienten durchgeführt. Dabei zeigten 4 dieser 7 Fälle entweder unter Ausgangsbedingungen oder 15 bzw. 30 min nach intravenöser Stimulation mit 40 mg Furosemid einen signifikanten Seitenunterschied (≧ 1,5). Bei 5 der 10 Patienten wurde eine rekonstruktive Gefäßoperation an den Nierenarterien und bei einem Patienten ein solcher nur an den Intestinalarterien vorgenommen; dabei zeigte nur einer der 5 an den Nierenarterien operierten Fälle eine Heilung. Bei 3 der 5 medikamentös behandelten Patienten ließ sich eine Blutdrucknormalisierung durch Antihypertensiva erzielen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß bei Patienten mit fibromuskulär bedingter Nierenarterienstenose verschiedenste Körperarterien mitbeteiligt sein können, am häufigsten jedoch die Arteria mesenterica superior. Bei 2 der 10 Patienten fand sich neben der renovaskulären Hypertonie eine Coarctatio aortae. Wegen des schlechten Operationserfolges sollte zunächst der Versuch einer medikamentösen Blutdruckeinstellung unternommen werden. Wegen des hohen Anteils doppelseitiger Nierenarterienstenosen hat die seitengetrennte Bestimmung der Plasma-Renin-Aktivität im Nierenvenenblut nur eine beschränkte Aussagekraft.
    Notes: Summary In the present study 10 patients with renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular hyperplasia and fibromuscular lesions of extrarenal arteries were investigated. The 10 patients were predominantly female (90%), showed a mean age of 31.4±12.0 years and a mean duration of hypertension of 3.2±4.0 years. Four of the 10 patients (40%) showed unilateral and six (60%) bilateral stenosis or occlusions of the renal arteries. In two (20%) cases a combination of renal artery stenosis and coarctation of the abdominal aorta was observed. Other extrarenal arteries were affected as follows: mesenteric superior artery (50%), subclavian artery and/or arteria anonyma (40%), carotid arteries and/ or their branches (30%), vertebral arteries (10%), and mesenteric inferior artery (10%). In eight of the 10 patients the most prominent clinical symptom was hypertension. Clinical symptoms from extrarenal artery stenoses or occlusions were mild. Two patients with fibromuscular lesions of two and three intestinal arteries, respectively, suffered from angina abdominalis. In two cases with stenoses of the iliacal arteries intermittent claudicatio was observed, whereas involvement of the subclavian artery was associated with only mild symptoms. One patient with occlusions of both internal carotid arteries had two episodes of cerebrovascular ischemia. Plasma renin activity was determined in both renal veins in seven of the 10 patients (70%). Four of the seven patients (57%) showed a PRA-ratio of ≧1.5 either under basal conditions or 15 and/or 30 min after i.v. stimulation with 40 mg furosemide. Only one of the five patients with revascularization operations was cured postoperatively. In one patient only the intestinal arteries were operated. Three of five cases treated with various antihypertensive drugs were normotensive. Our results show that in patients with renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular hyperplasia extrarenal arteries may be frequently affected. The most frequent site of extrarenal lesions was the mesenteric superior artery. In two of the 10 patients renovascular hypertension was combined with a coarctation of the abdominal aorta. In this study the effect of reconstructive renovascular surgery was insufficient. Thus, these cases should first be treated with antihypertensive drugs. The diagnostic validity of renal venous renin activity was limited because of the high percentage of bilateral renovascular lesions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 863-873 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renovascular hypertension ; Renal venous renin activity ; Effect of surgery ; Renovaskuläre Hypertonie ; Nierenvenenreninaktivität ; Operationserfolg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde das postoperative Blutdruckverhalten bei 35 Patienten mit renovaskulärer Hypertonie untersucht: 17 Patienten mit fibromuskulärer Dysplasie (FMD) und 18 mit arteriosklerotischen Gefäßwandveränderungen (ASS). Patienten mit FMD waren im Mittel jünger (31,8 Jahre), zeigten eine kürzere Hypertonieanamnese (1,8 Jahre) und waren prävalent weiblich (82%), während Patienten mit ASS deutlich älter waren (48,2 Jahre), eine längere Hypertoniedauer (2,6 Jahre) zeigten und bevorzugt männlich (78%) waren. In beiden Gruppen zeigte das intravenöse Pyelogramm einen vergleichbar hohen Anteil positiver Befunde (FMD=64%, ASS=61%). Postoperativ waren in der Gruppe mit FMD 47% (n=8) geheilt, 47% (n=8) gebessert und nur 6% (n=1) der Patienten geringgradig gebessert. Die vergleichbaren Werte für die Gruppe mit ASS betrugen 28, 55 und 17%. Für das Gesamtkollektiv war folglich ein guter Operationserfolg (geheilt und gebessert) in 88,5% der Fälle zu beobachten. Patienten mit ASS und postoperativ nur geringgradiger Besserung (n=3) zeigten eine auffallend lange Hypertonieanamnese (7,0±1,4 Jahre). Bei allen Patienten wurde präoperativ die seitengetrennte Bestimmung der Renin-Aktivität (PRA) im Nierenvenenblut durchgeführt und aus den Werten die PRA-Quotienten (PRA betroffene/nicht betroffene Seite) errechnet. Bei 27 Patienten wurde die Bestimmung 15 und 30 min nach intravenöser Stimulation mit 40 mg Furosemid wiederholt. PRA-Quotienten von ≧1,5 wurden als signifikant bezeichnet. Bei 31 Patienten mit einseitiger renovaskulärer Hypertonie wurde die Höhe des PRA-Quotienten zum postoperativen Blutdruckverhalten korreliert. Dabei zeigte sich zwischen der Gruppe der postoperativ Geheilten und der der postoperativ Gebesserten kein signifikanter Unterschied im mittleren PRA-Quotienten. Ferner ließen sich für das Gesamtkollektiv der 31 Patienten mit einseitiger renovaskulärer Hypertonie unter Ausgangs- und Stimulationsbedingungen keine signifikanten Korrelationen zwischen Höhe der PRA-Quotienten und postoperativem Blutdruckabfall ermitteln. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstützen nicht die weit verbreitete Ansicht, daß sich die seitengetrennte Bestimmung der PRA im Nierenvenenblut als Parameter für den zu erwartenden Operationserfolg bei Patienten mit einseitiger renovaskulärer Hypertonie eignet. Die Methode kann deshalb nach unserer Ansicht nicht mehr als obligater Bestandteile der präoperativen Diagnostik der renovaskulären Hypertonie empfohlen werden.
    Notes: Summary In the present study the effect of surgery on blood pressure was investigated in 35 patients with renovascular hypertension: 17 patients with fibromuscular hyperplasia (FMD) and 18 with atherosclerosis (ASS) of the renal artery. Patients with FMD were younger (31,8 years), showed a shorter duration of hypertension (1.8 years) and were prevalently female (82%), whereas patients with ASS were markedly older (48.2 years), showed a longer duration of hypertension (2.6 years) and were most often male (78%). In both groups of patients the intravenous urogram was positive in a comparable high percentage (FMD=64%, ASS=61%). Following surgical intervention 47% (n=8) of the 17 patients with FMD were cured, 47% (n=8) were improved and only 6% (n=1) showed insufficient reduction of blood pressure values. In ASS the respective values were 28, 55 and 17%. Consequently a good effect of surgery (cured and improved) was observed in 88.5% of all patients. Patients with ASS who failed to respond to surgery (n=3) showed a remarkable long duration of hypertension (7.0±1.4 years). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined preoperatively in both renal veins in all 35 patients. From these values the PRA-ratio (PRA affected/unaffected side) was calculated. In 27 patients PRA determinations were repeated following (15 and 30 min) intravenous injection of 40 mg furosemide. PRA-ratios of ≧1.5 were considered to be significant. In 31 patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension PRA-ratios were correlated to the postoperative blood pressure reduction. No significant differences in mean PRA-ratios were observed between cured and improved patients. Furthermore, for the total group of 31 patients no significant correlations were obtained between PRA-ratios and postoperative blood pressure reduction. Our results do not support the widespread opinion that PRA determinations in both renal veins are useful to predict the effect of surgery in patients with unilateral renovascular disease. Therefore, from our experience this method should not be recommended as obligatory in the diagnostic work-up of renovascular hypertension.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 59-67 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Captopril-treatment resistant hypertension ; Essential hypertension ; Renalparenchymatous hypertension ; Renovascular hypertension ; Captopril ; therapieresistente Hypertonie ; Essentielle Hypertonie ; Renalparenchymatöse Hypertonie ; Renovaskuläre Hypertonie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 51 Patienten mit schwerer, auf eine standardisierte Dreiertherapie resistente Hypertonie (20 mit essentieller, 15 mit renovaskulärer und 16 mit renalparenchymatöser Hypertonie) mit dem oralen Converting enzyme Inhibitor Captopril behandelt. Die mittlere Behandlungszeit betrug 8,6 Monate für Patienten mit essentieller, 8,9 Monate für solche mit renovaskulärer und 9,9 Monate für Fälle mit renalparenchymatöser Hypertonie. In allen 3 Patientengruppen konnte ein ausgeprägter und anhaltender Blutdruckabfall beobachtet werden. Allerdings war sowohl der absolute Blutdruckabfall als auch die individuelle Blutdruckantwort bei Patienten mit renovaskulärer Hypertonie ausgeprägter als bei solchen mit essentieller und renalparenchymatöser Hypertonie. Diese Ergebnisse weisen damit auf einen stärkeren antihypertensiven Effekt von Captopril bei Patienten mit renovaskulärer Hypertonie hin. Unsere Resultate zeigen weiter, daß eine Monotherapie mit Captopril eher die Ausnahme als die Regel war. So benötigten über 90% der Patienten zusätzliche Gabe eines Diuretikums und ein weiterer Anteil der Patienten darüberhinaus die Gabe eines Betablockers (50% der Patienten mit essentieller, 38% der Fälle mit renalparenchymatöser und 26% der Patienten mit renovaskulärer Hypertonie). Die Plasma-Renin-Aktivität stieg unter Captoprilbehandlung erwartungsgemäß an, während die Plasma-Aldosteron-Konzentration und die Converting enzyme Aktivität abfielen. In 17,6% (n=9) der 51 Patienten konnten Nebenwirkungen (Exanthem, Pruritus, supraventrikuläre Extrasystolen, Tachykardie, Wasser- und Flüssigkeitsretention, Raynaud-Phänomen, unvollständiger und vollständiger Geschmacksverlust und Leukopenie) beobachtet werden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Captopril bei schwerer therapieresistenter Hypertonie ein potentes Antihypertensivum ist. Dabei war bei unseren Patienten eine Monotherapie mit Captopril eher die Ausnahme als die Regel. So benötigten die meisten Patienten zusätzlich ein Diuretikum und/oder einen Betablocker. Allerdings erfordern die Nebenwirkungen des Medikaments eine engmaschige und genaue Überwachung aller Patienten.
    Notes: Summary In this study 51 patients with severe hypertension (20 essential, 15 renovascular and 16 renalparenchymatous) resistant to a standardized triple therapy were treated with the oral converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Mean treatment period was 8.6 in essential, 8.9 in renovascular and 9.9 months in renalparenchymatous hypertension. In each of the 3 groups a marked and sustained blood pressure reduction was observed promptly after introducing captopril. However, absolute fall in mean blood pressure as well as individual blood pressure response were more pronounced in renovascular than in essential and in renalparenchymatous hypertension demonstrating a higher blood pressure lowering activity of the converting enzyme inhibitor in the former. In addition, our results document that monotherapy with captopril was rather the exception than the rule. More than 90% of all patients required at least the addition of a diuretic and even a substantial percentage of patients needed as a third drug a betablocker (50% in essential, 38% in renalparenchymatous and 26% in renovascular hypertension). As expected renin activity increased under captopril whereas plasma aldosterone and converting enzyme activity decreased. Side-effects (skin rash, pruritus, supraventricular extrasystoles, tachycardia, water and fluid retention, Raynaud-phenomenon, incomplete and complete taste loss and leucopenia) occurred in 17.6% (n=9) of the 51 patients. Our results show that captopril is a potent blood pressure lowering agent in severe and therapy resistant hypertension. The vast majority of patients, however, required concomitant therapy with a diuretic and/or a betablocker. Finally, the frequency of drug induced side-effects necessitates a close and careful monitoring of all patients.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renovaskuläre Hypertonie ; Renin ; Perkutane transluminale Dilatation ; Isotopennephrogramm ; Renovascular hypertension ; Renin ; Percutaneous transluminal dilatation ; Radionephrogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a left sided renal artery stenosis was performed in a 61 year old patient with hypertension. Biochemical and hemodynamic activity of the renal artery stenosis was demonstrated by measurement of renal venous renin-activity and determination of renal plasma flow and of pre- and poststenotic blood pressure values. Shortly after the dilatation procedure hypertension disappeared and renal plasma flow increased. The described procedure might be an alternative method to renal vascular surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 61jährigen Patienten mit renovasculärer Hypertonie bei linksseitiger arteriosklerotischer Nierenarterienstenose wurde eine perkutane transluminale Dilatation der Stenose vorgenommen. Die biochemische und hämodynamische Aktivität der Nierenarterienstenose wurde durch Messung der Plasmareninaktivität im Nierenvenenblut, Bestimmung des renalen Plasmaflusses und der prä- und poststenotischen Blutdruckwerte in der Nierenarterie belegt. Kurz nach der Dilatation der Stenose normalisierte sich der Blutdruck, und es kam zu einem Anstieg des renalen Plasmaflusses. Weitere Untersuchungen werden zeigen, ob die beschriebene Methode eine Alternative zur operativen Korrektur der Nierenarterienstenose bietet.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 144 (1990), S. 115-121 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Alkaline phosphatase, long implicated in biomineralization, is a feature of the osteoblast phenotype. Yet in cultured bone cells, only a fraction stain positive histochemically. To determine whether osteoblast enzyme expression reflects cellular heterogeneity with respect to cell cycle distribution or length of time in culture, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant and -sensitive acid phosphatases, and non-specific esterases were assayed kinetically and histo-chemically. In asynchronous subconfluent cultures, 〈 15% of the cells stained positive and assayed activity was 0.04 IU/106 cells/cm2. After 1 week, the percent of alkaline phosphatase positive-staining cells increased 5-fold, while activity increased 10-fold. Non-specific esterases and tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase were constitutive throughout time in culture, whereas tartrate-resistant acid phos-phatase activity appeared after 2 weeks. Cell cycle analysis of human bone cells revealed a growth fraction of 80%, an S phase of 8.5 h, G2 + 1/2 M of 4 h, and a G1 of 25-30 h. In synchronous cultures induced by a thymidine-aphidicolin protocol, alkaline phosphatase activity dropped precipitously at M phase and returned during G1. A majority of the alkaline phosphatase activity lost from the cell surface at mitosis was recovered in the medium. Tartrate-sensitive acid phos-phatase and non-specific esterase levels were relatively stable throughout the cell cycle, while tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was not assavable at the density used in synchronous cultures. From these data, variations in alkaline phosphatase activity appear to reflect the distribution of cells throughout the cell cycle.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A morphological and histochemical investigation was conducted on the pronephros and mesonephros of the mouse embryo from 8.5 through 16.5 days. The pronephros appeared between days 8.5 and 9.5 as a thickening of the somatic layer of the intermediate cell mass. It consisted of three small clusters of cells on either side of the midline dorsally between the somite and the coelom, at the level of somites 8 and 9. The mesonephros arose during day 9 and persisted until day 16. In the male the anterior three tubules were incorporated into the testis at 15.5-16.5 days. The mesonephros consisted of approximately 11 tubules located between somites 10-17. The tubules possessed lumina and connected with the Wolffian duct. Indications of internal and external glomeruli were noted on day 11. The Wolffian duct reached the cloaca at ten days.Strong alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in the differentiating tubules. Cytoplasmic and luminal enzyme activity was observed between 9.3 and 12.5 days indicating possible function at this time. Acid phosphatase was demonstrable in the tubules and duct only on day 11. Ribonucleic acid was observed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the mesodermal cells as they differentiated into tubules and duct. A decrease in RNA was noted after differentiation was complete. Periodic acid-Schiff material (diastase-stable) was localized in the basement membrane of the tubule and duct cells. A faint positive reaction was also found at the luminal border of the tubules. The strongest reaction was noted in the luminal border at 11.5-12.5 days. Those tubules being incorporated into the genital system in the male were also PAS positive. Morphological and histochemical evidence suggested that the mouse mesonephros, though quasi vestigial, may function for a short time.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied the expression of osteoblastic markers in cultured cells isolated from the bone of 15 patients with different clinical forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and of seven fetal and postnatal controls. Cultured bone cells of ten OI patients produced abnormal collagen type I. Similar to controls, OI bone cells produced predominantly collagen type I with traces of collagen types III and V. The 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3-stimulated synthesis of osteocalcin, a specific osteoblastic marker protein, was similar in OI bone cells and age-matched controls. Bone cells from fetal controls and from patients with the perinatal lethal OI type II produced less osteocalcin than bone cells from postnatal controls and surviving OI patients. OI bone cells responded to parath.yroid hormone (PTH) by increased production of cAMP similar to controls. Bone cells from fetal controls and from OI type II donors showed a decreased response to PTH. Activity of the bone-liver-kidney isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) was detected in all control and OI bone cells. The expression of all osteoblastic markers was similar in bone cells producing abnormal collagen type I. These observations show that OI bone cells in vitro express a pattern of osteoblastic markers similar to age-matched control bone cells indicating that osteoblastic differentiation is not altered by the underlying defects of collagen type I metabolism in OI bone cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 151 (1992), S. 215-227 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human bone cells grown in culture, representative of a preosteoblastic stage of maturation, produce an extracellular matrix composed of collagen several noncollagenous glycoproteins, hyaluronan, and four distinct proteoglycans (PGs). The influence of donor age on the levels of expression of these molecules in vitro has not been well characterized. In this study, human bone cells derived from sources ranging from fetal to 60-year-old donors were grown in culture, radiolabeled for 24 h, and the amount of incorporation of [35S]sulfate into PGs, [3H]glucosamine into hyaluronan, [3H]leucine/proline into osteonectin, and [3H]proline into collagen was determined. Cell proliferation was most rapid in fetal-derived bone cells and decreased with increasing age. Total protein and PG synthesis also decreased with increasing age, falling to 1/3 and 1/4, respectively, of fetal levels after age 30. A large chondroitin sulfate PG (Mr ∼ 600,000 Da) was the major fetal PG and its levels were highly correlated with cellular proliferation. [3H]Collagen and [35S]decorin levels increased with the increasing age of the donor, reached a maximum in puberty-derived cells, and decreased to 1/3 maximal levels after age 20. The heparan sulfate PG (Mr ∼ 400,000 Da) exhibited steadystate levels regardless of donor age. [3H]Osteonectin and [35S]biglycan levels were high in fetal-derived cells and in cells derived from pubescent donors. The percentage of collagen and four proteoglycans associated with the cell layer pool changed with donor age. All fetal-derived PG core proteins possessed more N- and O-linked oligosaccharides than newborn or adult derived PGs. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Threonine metabolism ; amino acid biosynthesis ; homologous domains ; chromosome III ; gene organisation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene encoding theonine synthase (THR4) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by complementation of a thr4 mutant. This gene was also found on a lambda clone (5239) consisting of a fragment of chromosome III inserted in the vector lambda MG3. The THR4 gene encodes a protein of 514 amino acids (M.W. 58 kDa), which has extensive homologies with E. coli threonine synthase (thrC) and B. subtilis threonine synthase. The 5′ flanking region of the gene contains three regulatory sequences. [TGACT(C)] for the general amino acid control (GCN).About 130 bp downstream of the THR4 gene another open reading frame (563 amino acids) is found in the opposite orientation. This may imply that this open reading frame, called CTR86, shares a terminator region with THR4. The function of the protein encoded by CTR86 is not yet clear, but the fact that the upstream region contains a GCN4 responsive site that the gene product may also be involved in amino acid biosynthesis.
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