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Transcriptional shifts highlight the role of nutrients in harmful brown tide dynamics (2019)

Wurch, Louie L. ; Alexander, Harriet ; Frischkorn, Kyle R. ; [et al.]

Frontiers Media

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wurch, L. L., Alexander, H., Frischkorn, K. R., Haley, S. T., Gobler, C. J., & Dyhrman, S. T. Transcriptional shifts highlight the role of nutrients in harmful brown tide dynamics. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, (2019):136, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00136.

Description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) threaten ecosystems and human health worldwide. Controlling nitrogen inputs to coastal waters is a common HAB management strategy, as nutrient concentrations often suggest coastal blooms are nitrogen-limited. However, defining best nutrient management practices is a long-standing challenge: in part, because of difficulties in directly tracking the nutritional physiology of harmful species in mixed communities. Using metatranscriptome sequencing and incubation experiments, we addressed this challenge by assaying the in situ physiological ecology of the ecosystem destructive alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens. Here we show that gene markers of phosphorus deficiency were expressed in situ, and modulated by the enrichment of phosphorus, which was consistent with the observed growth rate responses. These data demonstrate the importance of phosphorus in controlling brown-tide dynamics, suggesting that phosphorus, in addition to nitrogen, should be evaluated in the management and mitigation of these blooms. Given that nutrient concentrations alone were suggestive of a nitrogen-limited ecosystem, this study underscores the value of directly assaying harmful algae in situ for the development of management strategies.

Description: This research was funded by NOAA Grant NA15NOS4780199 (SD), NA09NOA4780206 (SD and CG), and NA15NOS4780183 (CG) through the ECOHAB Program, publication number ECO929. Partial support was also provided by the World Surf League through the Columbia Center for Climate and Life, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Coastal Ocean Institute, and the Link Foundation. Kyle Frischkorn was funded under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.

Keywords: harmful algal bloom ; Aureococcus anophagefferens ; brown tide ; nutrient physiology ; metatranscriptomics

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

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Niche of harmful alga Aureococcus anophagefferens revealed through ecogenomics (2011)

Gobler, Christopher J. ; Berry, Dianna L. ; Dyhrman, Sonya T. ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (2011): 4352-4357, doi:10.1073/pnas.1016106108.

Description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause significant economic and ecological damage worldwide. Despite considerable efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the factors that promote these blooms has been lacking because the biochemical pathways that facilitate their dominance relative to other phytoplankton within specific environments have not been identified. Here, biogeochemical measurements demonstrated that the harmful 43 Aureococcus anophagefferens outcompeted co-occurring phytoplankton in estuaries with elevated levels of dissolved organic matter and turbidity and low levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. We subsequently sequenced the first HAB genome (A. anophagefferens) and compared its gene complement to those of six competing phytoplankton species identified via metaproteomics. Using an ecogenomic approach, we specifically focused on the gene sets that may facilitate dominance within the environmental conditions present during blooms. A. anophagefferens possesses a larger genome (56 mbp) and more genes involved in light harvesting, organic carbon and nitrogen utilization, and encoding selenium- and metal-requiring enzymes than competing phytoplankton. Genes for the synthesis of microbial deterrents likely permit the proliferation of this species with reduced mortality losses during blooms. Collectively, these findings suggest that anthropogenic activities resulting in elevated levels of turbidity, organic matter, and metals have opened a niche within coastal ecosystems that ideally suits the unique genetic capacity of A. anophagefferens and thus has facilitated the proliferation of this and potentially other HABs.

Description: Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Efforts were also supported by awards from New York Sea Grant to Stony Brook University, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research award #NA09NOS4780206 to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, NIH grant GM061603 to Harvard University, and NSF award IOS-0841918 to The University of Tennessee.

Keywords: Harmful algal blooms ; HABs ; Genome sequence ; Ecogenomics ; Metaproteomics ; Eutrophication ; Aureococcus anophagefferens