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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Ergebnisse  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Cochlear Implant ; Ambulante Rehabilitation ; Kinder ; Erwachsene ; Ergebnisse ; Keywords Cochlear implant ; Outpatient rehabilitation ; Cost effectiveness ; Results ; Children ; Adults
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background and objective. This study compares the results of the outpatient-based program of the Cochlear Implant Center Ruhr with inpatient-based rehabilitation, which is almost exclusively performed in Germany. Patients/methods. The Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Essen in Germany provided 52 patients with either 22- or 24-channel Nucleus cochlear implants from March 1996 to July 1999. Almost all patients (n=49) were rehabilitated on an outpatient basis, which is the standard in many cochlear implant centers outside Germany. Results. The longest follow-up period at the University of Essen Department of Otorhinolaryngology was 36 months. Minor complications occurred in 10% of the patients. After 24 months, the first three implanted patients were able to discriminate 100% of numbers and over 60% of syllables in the Freiburg speech discrimination test. The patients who developed an understanding of open speech were able to discriminate 31 words per minute with cochlear implant and without lipreading after 24 months. Children were seen to double their Schmid-Giovannini scores at 6 months postimplantation. Conclusions. The Essen outpatient-based cochlear implant program demonstrates results in speech development and speech understanding equal to those of centers providing inpatient rehabilitation. A special advantage is continuous rehabilitation with professionals known to the child for several years. In children especially, exhaustive commuting reduces school attendance and is a burden on the accompanying guardians. As an inpatient, however, the child is torn from his familiar environment. Parents with several children have particular difficulties in accompanying their child and indeed this may not always be possible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung. In dieser Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse der ambulanten Rehabilitation nach Cochlear-Implant-Versorgung mit denen der stationären Rehabilitation verglichen, die bisher in Deutschland fast ausschließlich durchgeführt wird. Von März 1996 bis Juli 1999 wurden an der Universitäts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik Essen 52 taube oder an Taubheit grenzende Patienten mit einem 22-kanaligen bzw. 24-kanaligen Nucleuscochlear-Implant versorgt. Fast alle Patienten (n=49) konnten wohnortnah ambulant rehabilitiert werden, wie dies dem internationalen Standard entspricht. Ergebnisse. Der längste bisherige Nachbeobachtungszeitraum an der Universitäts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik Essen sind 36 Monate. Nach 2 Jahren wurden von den 3 am längsten nachbeobachteten Patienten 100% der Zahlen und über 60% der Einsilber im Freiburger Sprachtest verstanden. Im “speech tracking” erreichten Patienten mit CI und ohne Lippenabsehen nach 24 Monaten 31 Wörter/min. Die Kinder zeigten 6 Monate nach Implantation eine Verdopplung des Scores im Test nach Schmid-Giovannini. Schlussfolgerungen. Das Essener Modell zeigt, dass eine ambulante Rehabilitation nach CI zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen in der Sprachentwicklung und im Sprachverstehen führt, wie sie von anderen Zentren vorgelegt wurden, in denen fast ausschließlich stationär rehabilitiert wird. Besonders bei Kindern bedeuten lange Anfahrtswege mit einwöchigem stätionärem Aufenthalt Schulausfälle und eine Belastung für die begleitenden Eltern und Familienangehörigen zu Hause, sowie erhebliche Fahrtkosten. Stationäre Aufenthalte zur Rehabilitation reißen zudem das Kind aus seiner gewohnten Umgebung und sind für Eltern mit mehreren Kindern oft unmöglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 361 (1983), S. 717-717 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Iliofemoral thrombosis ; Thrombectomy ; Results ; Bein-Beckenvenenthrombose ; Thrombektomie ; Ergebnisse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse der operativen Thrombektomie sind mit nur 30–50% Langzeiterfolgen unbefriedigend. Die Ursache hierfür liegt einerseits im evolutiven Charakter der Thrombose, andererseits in den Unsicherheitsfaktoren wie Alter der Thrombose, Vollständigkeit der Ausräumung und Grundleiden. Eine Verbesserung der Ergebnisse ist möglich durch temporäre av-Fistel, endothelschonende Technik, distale Ausräumung, zusätzliche periphere Thrombolyse und in manchen Fällen (Trauma) die „aufgehängte Naht”.
    Notes: Summary The results of surgical thrombectomy are insatisfactory, as they only show a long-term success rate of 30–50 %. The reasons for this lie, on the one hand, in the evolution character of thrombosis, on the other, in such factors of uncertainty as the age of the thrombosis, how complete the removal is, and the underlying disease itself. The results may be improved by temporary arteriovenous fistula, endothelium-sparing techniques, distal removal, additional peripheral thrombolysis, and in trauma cases, the “suspended suture.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1228-1229 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Blends aus Polystyrol (PS) und Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) sind aus thermodynamischen Gründen unverträglich und weisen deshalb nur schlechte mechanische Eigenschaften wie mangelnde Schlagzähigkeits- und Reißdehnungswerte auf. Der Grund hierfür liegt in der Natur der Grenzfläche solcher unverträglicher, heterogener Polymer-Blends. Hohe Grenzflächenspannungen und eine geringe Phasenadhäsion führen zu groben Phasenmorphologien, die kinetisch und thermodynamisch instabil sind. Jedoch gelingt es mit maßgeschneiderten Block-Pfropfcopolymeren P(S-b-(B-g-CHMA, MMA)) auf Basis von Styrol/Butadien-Blockcopolymeren P(S-b-B), auf die Polycyclohexylmethacrylat (PCHMA) oder Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) radikalisch ge-pfropft wurden, die Phasenmorphologien drastisch zu verfeinern, was zu einem duktilen Verhalten der modifizierten Blends führt. So steigt die Schlagzähigkeit von modifizierten gegenüber nicht modifizierten PS/PVC-Blends um den Faktor 10 und bewegt sich damit im Bereich von zähmodifiziertem PS.Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen (TEM, REM) beweisen, daß die drastisch verbesserten Eigenschaften der modifizierten PS/PVC-Blends auf einer Grenzflächenselektivität der Block-Pfropfcopolymeren und einer ausgezeichneten Phasenanbindung beruhen.
    Notes: Blends composed of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) are incompatible due to unfavourable interactions. Consequently, their mechanical properties such as impact strength and elongation at break are only very poor. The key to successfully influence the properties of such heterogeneous blends lies in the control of the interface. High interface tensions and an insufficient phase adhesion often lead to coarse phase morphologies which are thermodynamically and kinetically unstable. However, with radically synthesized, tailor made block-graft copolymers P(S-b-(B-g-CHMA, MMA)) based on a styrene/butadiene two-block copolymer P(S-b-B) which are grafted with poly(cyclohexylmethacrylate) (PCHMA) or poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), the phase morphology can be markedly refined and the blends surprisingly show ductile behaviour. Thus, the impact strength of so modified PS/PVC 1 : 1 blends is about ten times higher than in the unmodified case and is thereby similar to impact modified PS.Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) reveals that the modified PS/PVC blends owe their improved mechanical properties to the interface selectivity of the block-graft copolymers and therefore to a superior phase adhesion.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s, poly(carbonate)s and polymers containing nitrile groups (poly(acrylonitrile), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile), nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber) and/or C — C double bonds (nitrile rubber, high-impact poly(styrene)). The thermal stability was measured at 180°C in nitrogen, and the evolved HCl was detected by conductometry.It is shown that the nature of the ester group and the content of nitrile groups and C - C double bonds are the dominating factors for the thermal stability of poly(vinylchloride) in these blends. An influence of the miscibility of PVC with the various blend components on the thermal stability can not be clearly detected.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as a powerful method to study the stabilizer distribution of heterogeneous PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and PVC/poly(methylacrylate) blends. It is shown that the stabilizer can be solubilized either in the PVC phase (PVC/poly(methylacrylate)) or in both phases of the blends PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 553-561 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The efficiency of rubber toughening of PSAN depends on the size of the rubber particles, their agglomeration, the deformation rate, the temperature, and the orientation of the polymer molecules. Large particles are more effective than small particles. By a suitable choice of processing, however, small particles can agglomerate, forming large soft units and improving in this way impact toughness. At high deformation rates crazing or/and stretching of the matrix wall between the rubber particles must be activated for ductility, otherwise the material is brittle. The temperature at impact must be above the glass transition temperature of the rubbery phase for toughening. Increasing the orientation of the material decreases the tendency for craze formation with the consequence of embrittlement, if stretching is not activated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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