Anmerkung: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- Introduction -- 1.1 Process and pattern -- 1.2 Spatial pattern: spatial dependence versus spatial autocorrelation -- 1.3 The concept of stationarity -- 1.4 Sampling -- 1.4.1 Ecological data -- 1.4.2 Sampling design -- 1.5 Spatial statistics -- 1.5.1 Significance testing of ecological data -- 1.6 Concluding remarks -- 2 Spatial analysis of population data -- Introduction -- 2.1 Mapped point data in two dimensions -- 2.1.1 Distance to neighbours methods -- 2.1.2 Refined nearest neighbour analysis -- 2.1.3 Second-order point pattern analysis -- 2.1.4 Bivariate data -- 2.1.5 Multivariate point pattern analysis -- 2.2 Mark correlation function -- 2.3 Networks of events -- 2.4 Network analysis of areal units -- 2.5 Point patterns in other dimensions -- 2.5.1 One dimension -- Lacunarity -- 2.5.2 Three or more dimensions -- 2.6 Contiguous units analysis -- 2.6.1 Quadrat variance methods -- 2.6.2 Significance tests for quadrat variance methods -- 2.6.3 Adaptations for two or more species -- 2.6.4 Two or more dimensions -- SADIE -- 2.6.5 Spectral analysis and related techniques -- 2.6.6 Wavelets -- 2.7 Circumcircle methods -- 2.7.1 Univariate analysis -- 2.7.2 Bivariate analysis -- 2.7.3 Multivariate analysis -- 2.8 Concluding remarks -- 3 Spatial analysis of sample data -- Introduction -- 3.1 How to determine 'nearby' relationships among sampling units -- 3.2 Join count statistics -- 3.2.1 Considerations and other join count statistics -- 3.3 Global spatial statistics -- 3.3.1 Spatial autocorrelation coefficients for one variable -- 3.3.2 Variography -- 3.3.3 Fractal dimension -- 3.3.4 Sampling design effects on the estimation of spatial pattern -- 3.3.5 Spatial relationship between two variables -- 3.3.6 Spatial relationships among several variables. , 3.4 Local spatial statistics -- 3.5 Interpolation and spatial models -- 3.5.1 Proximity polygons -- 3.5.2 Trend surface analysis -- 3.5.3 Inverse distance weighting -- 3.5.4 Kriging -- 3.6 Concluding remarks -- 4 Spatial partitioning of regions: patch and boundary -- Introduction -- 4.1 Patch identification -- 4.1.1 Patch properties -- 4.1.2 Spatial clustering -- 4.1.3 Fuzzy classification -- 4.2 Boundary delineation -- 4.2.1 Ecological boundaries -- 4.2.2 Boundary properties -- 4.2.3 Boundary detection based on several variables -- 4.2.3.1 Multivariate methods -- 4.2.3.2 One-dimensional transect data -- 4.2.3.3 Two-dimensional area data -- 4.2.4 Boundary statistics -- 4.2.5 Overlap statistics -- 4.2.6 Boundary detection based on one variable -- 4.2.6.1 Hierarchical global partitioning using wavelets -- 4.2.6.2 Edge enhancement with kernel filters -- 4.3 Concluding remarks -- 5 Dealing with spatial autocorrelation -- Introduction -- 5.1 Solutions -- 5.1.1 Quick fixes -- 5.1.2 Adjusting the effective sample size -- 5.1.3 Other kinds of models -- 5.1.4 Particular examples -- Tests for proportions -- Correlation and linear regression -- 5.1.5 Restricted randomization and bootstrap -- 5.1.6 Model and Monte Carlo -- 5.2 More on induced autocorrelation and the relationships between variables -- 5.3 Models and reality -- 5.4 Considerations for sampling and experimental design -- 5.4.1 Sampling -- 5.4.2 Experimental design -- 5.5 Concluding remarks -- 6 Spatio-temporal analysis -- Introduction -- 6.1 Change in spatial statistics -- 6.2 Spatio-temporal join count -- 6.3 Spatio-temporal analysis of clusters and contagion -- 6.4 Polygon change analysis -- 6.5 Analysis of movement -- 6.6 Process and pattern -- 6.6.1 Tree regeneration, growth and mortality -- 6.6.2 Plant mobility -- 6.6.3 Lichen boundaries -- 6.7 Spatio-temporal orderliness and spatial synchrony. , 6.8 Chaos -- 6.9 Concluding remarks -- 6.9.1 Recommendations -- 7 Closing comments and future directions -- Back to basics -- 7.1 Programming skills -- 7.2 Stationarity -- 7.3 Null hypotheses -- 7.4 Numerical solutions -- 7.5 Statistical difficulties -- 7.6 Randomization and restricted randomization tests -- 7.7 Complementarity of methods -- 7.8 Future work -- Appendices -- References -- Index.