Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Climate Change Adaptation Practices -- Chapter 1: Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Zones: Overview of the Indicators in Use -- Introduction -- Methodology -- A Conceptual Framework for CCA Issues -- CCA Indicators for Coastal Zones -- Governance and CCA Indicators in Coastal Zones -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: An Evaluation of the Community Land Model (Version 3.5) and Noah Land Surface Models for Temperature and Precipitat... -- Introduction -- Expected Climate Trends for Nebraska -- Case Study of Nebraska -- WRF Model -- Noah Land Surface Model -- Community Land Model (Version 3.5): CLM3.5 -- Results -- Maximum and Minimum Temperature -- Precipitation -- Verification of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of WRF-LSM Coupled Temperature and Precipitation -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Climate Change Frames in Public Health and Water Resource Management: Towards Intersectoral Climate Change Adaptati... -- Introduction -- A Brief Background on Frames and Frame Analysis -- Methods -- Findings -- Climate Change Frames from a Public Health Perspective -- Climate Change Frames from a Water Resource Management Perspective -- Discussion: Frames and Frame-Reflection as Innovative Tools for Climate Change Adaptation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Rural Women Belief System and Attitude Toward Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in Nigeria -- Introduction -- Women Development and Climate Change -- Theoretical Framework -- Applying Livelihood Profiles as Baseline for Vulnerability Analysis -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Sample and Sampling Techniques -- Research Instruments -- Sample Population (Sample Frame) -- Results and Discussion -- Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents -- Awareness of Climate Change. , Sources of Information -- Attitude and Belief System of the Women Towards Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies -- Factors Influencing Level of Awareness -- Conclusion and Recommendation -- Limitations of the Study -- References -- Chapter 5: Climate Change and Human Security in a Regulatory Multilevel and Multidisciplinary Dimension: The Case of the Arcti... -- Introduction -- Conceptual Background: Climate Change as a Threat to International Peace and Security -- The Concept of Security in the Arctic and From Whom -- Method -- Climate Change as a Threat to the International Regulation of the Arctic Environmental Ocean -- Arctic Ocean Security -- The United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) -- The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) -- The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) -- The Arctic Council (AC) -- Findings and Discussions: High Level of Exposure to Environmental Risks in Adaptation of the Arctic Environmental Ocean and th... -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Citrus and Tomatoes Response to Climate Change: Survey of Farmers´ Perception and Adaptation Strategies in Northern... -- Introduction -- Specific Objectives of the Study -- Research Hypotheses -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Sampling Techniques -- Instrument for Data Collection -- Limitation of the Study -- Results and Discussion -- Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Respondents -- Respondents´ Awareness of Changing Features of Climate Parameters -- Perceived Effect of Climate Change on Citrus and Tomato Farmers´ Production -- Perceived Effect Categories of Respondents in the Study Area -- Adaptation Strategies Used by Respondents -- Categorization of Respondents According to Adaptation Strategies -- Result of Binomial Logit Regression Showing Factors that Affect Respondents´ Choice of Adaptation Strategies -- Hypotheses Testing 1. , Adaptation Strategies Between the North-East and North-Central Zones of Nigeria -- Hypotheses 2 -- Perceived Effect Strategies Between the North-East and North-Central Zones of Nigeria -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 7: Local Networks of Resilience and Climate Adaptation: The Case of Istanbul -- Introduction: Protests and Conflicts -- Redesigning the City: Resilient or Dispossessed and Vulnerable? -- The Northern Forests and the Third Bridge: Water Resources, Wildlife and Livelihoods -- Urban Food as Part of Adaptation Measures and Istanbul Vegetable Gardens -- The Historic Vegetable Gardens of Yedikule -- The Kuzguncuk Vegetable Garden -- Local Networks and Grassroots Groups for a Socio-Ecological Resilient City -- Conclusion: Ecosystem Based Adaptation and Urban Green Spaces -- References -- Chapter 8: Extreme Weather Events and the German Economy: The Potential for Climate Change Adaptation -- Introduction -- The Modelling Challenge -- The Model PANTA RHEI -- Integration of Damages -- Scenarios: Exploring Consistent Future Developments -- Results I: Extreme Weather Events Compared to Reference Scenario -- Results II: Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events Compared to (a) Extreme Weather and (b) Reference Scenario -- A More Detailed Picture: Extreme Weather and Economic Sectors -- Effects of Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events on Economic Sectors -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Vulnerabilities to Extreme Climate Events -- Introduction -- Dealing with Present and Future Vulnerabilities -- Dealing with Local Vulnerabilities -- Adaptive Governance -- Some Challenges -- References -- Chapter 10: Adaptation Through Climate Smart Agriculture: Status and Determinants in Coastal Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Climate Change and Coastal Agriculture in Bangladesh: A Succinct Review. , Materials and Methods -- Designing the Research Instruments -- Selection of the Study Site -- Survey Methods and Data Collection -- Results and Discussion -- Adaptation Through Climate Smart Agriculture -- Strong and Weak Adopter of Climate Smart Agriculture -- Factors Influencing Adoption of CSA: Application of Probit Model -- Conclusion and Limitations of the Research -- References -- Part II: Fostering Resilience and Handling Hazards -- Chapter 11: Managing Natural Resources for Extreme Climate Events: Differences in Risk Perception Among Urban and Rural Commun... -- Introduction -- Research Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Recent Experience of an Event -- Livelihood Dependency -- Socio-demographics -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Integrating Microfinance, Climate Finance and Climate Change Adaptation: A Sub-Saharan Africa Perspective -- Introduction -- Climate Change Impacts on Food Security and Agricultural Development -- Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Access Policy Considerations -- A Microfinance-Climate Finance Framework for Inclusive Growth -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Climate Change Adaptation and Socio-Economic Resilience in Mexico´s Grijalva-Usumacinta Watershed -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Methodological Approach -- Results -- Watershed Characterization -- Regional Climate Change Scenarios -- Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Yields -- Adaptation Options -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Adaptive Strategies Building Resilience to Climate Variability in Argentina, Canada and Colombia -- Introduction -- The Wide Spectrum of Adaptations -- Methodology -- Findings -- Variability and Adaptations in Mendoza -- Adaptations and Resilience Beyond the Climate -- Variability and Adaptations in the Canadian Prairies -- Adaptations and Resilience Beyond the Climate. , Variability and Adaptations in Chinchin River Basin -- Discussion and Comparison -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Adaptation of the Bulgarian Water Sector to Climate Change Extremes -- Introduction -- Data -- Methodology -- Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Respond Research Framework (DPSIR) -- Climate Change Risk Assessment -- Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) -- Results -- Identification of Main Actors in Bulgarian Water Sector -- Assessment of Climate Change Sensitivity and Vulnerability of Bulgarian Water Sector -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: Adapting to the Inevitable: The Case of Tanbi Wetland National Park, The Gambia -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site: Tanbi Wetland National Park (TWNP) -- Methodology -- Questionnaires -- Subject Groups (Interviewees) and Interviews -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Climate Change Adaptation in Indian Agriculture- Assessing Farmers Perception and Adaptive Choices -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussions -- Key Factors Affecting Adaptive Capacity of Farmers -- Socio-Economic Factors -- Institutional Factors -- Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Farmers´ Adaptation in Indian Context -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Towards Enhanced Resilience: Monthly Updated Seasonal Rainfall ``Scenarios´´ as Climate Predictions for Farmers in... -- Introduction -- Climate Predictions -- Box 1: Some Illustrative Data of Climate Related Predictions -- Box 2: Some Other Agricultural Upheavals -- Further Matters That Should Be Known -- Short Term (Seasonal) Climate Predictions: A Case Study in Indonesia -- Farmer Questionnaire on the Monthly Updated Seasonal Rainfall Scenarios Provided -- Conclusions -- Appendix 1: Example of the Monthly NOAA/IRI ENSO Advisory/Prediction -- References. , Chapter 19: Fostering Resilience Among Artisanal Fishers in Peniche (Portugal): An Exploratory Study.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Engaging Stakeholders -- 1 Creating a Sustainable Learning District by Integrating Different Stakeholders' Needs. Methodology and Results from the University of Cantabria Campus Master Plan -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Design of an Integral and Innovative Method of Governance: The Santander Campus Master Plan -- 2.1 Master Plan Elaboration Process: Integrating Stakeholders Needs -- 2.2 Definition of the Master Plan Proposal -- 2.3 Framework of Instruments for the Plan -- 3Research Methods and Tools -- 4Results and Discussion -- 5Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Built Environment Sustainability and Quality of Life (BESQoL) Assessment Methodology -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Built Environment Sustainability and Quality of Life (BESQoL) Assessment Methodology---Background and Principles -- 3BESQoL Scope and Process of Assessment -- 4BESQoL Applications -- 5Review of Teaching Methods and Learning Outcomes -- 6Conclusion -- References -- 3 Contributing Towards More Sustainable Cities---Learning Through Collaboration -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Theoretical Framework and Methodological Approach to Development of the Study Program -- 3Developing the Master's Thesis---A Process of Collaborative Learning -- 4Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Campus Sustainability: Does Student Engagement with Eco-Campus Environmental Activities and Green Initiatives Really Matter? -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Literature Review -- 2.1 Personal Willingness Towards Environmental Activities -- 2.2 Attitudes Towards the Faculty's Responsibility and Attitudes Towards Personal Responsibility for Creating a Sustainable Environment -- 3Methods and Research Instruments -- 3.1 Sampling -- 3.2 Questionnaire Development -- 3.3 Statistical Techniques Used -- 4Results. , 4.1 Frequency to Engage with Environmental Activities -- 4.2 Factor Analysis of Willingness to Engage in Environmental Activities -- 4.3 Factor Analysis of Attitudes Toward Personal Responsibility for Sustainability -- 4.4 Factor Analysis of Attitudes Towards the Faculty's Responsibility for Sustainability -- 4.5 Reliability Analysis -- 4.6 Correlation Analysis -- 4.7 Relationships with Students' Intention to Engage in Eco-Campus Environmental Activities and Green Initiatives -- 5Discussion -- 6Conclusion -- References -- 5 Supporting Grassroots-Led Initiatives in the Spanish Energy Field Through Transformative Education for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- 1Different Approaches to Sustainability in Higher Education -- 2Transformative Education for Sustainable Development in Higher Education -- 3A Comprehensive Approach to Transformative ESD -- 4Supporting Grassroots-Led Initiatives in the Energy Field Through Transformative ESD -- 5Discussion -- 5.1 Who Participates in the Transformative ESD Initiative? -- 5.2 How Is Transformative ESD Implemented? -- 5.3 What Is the Purpose of a Transformative ESD? -- 6Conclusions, Limitations and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 An Integrative Framework for Re-thinking 2nd Generation Sustainable Development (SD2.0) Projects, Education and the University as Catalyst -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Complex, Compelling Context -- 1.2 ``Sustainable Development'' Versus ``Sustainability'' -- 2Framework for SD2.0 System Design -- 2.1 Axes of Integration -- 2.2 SD2.0 System -- 3The University for the 21st Century -- 3.1 Re-imagining the University -- 3.2 University Roles for SD2.0 -- 4Illustrative Cases -- 4.1 Holliston Health Project, Central Massachusetts -- 4.2 Sustainable Agriculture, Central Massachusetts -- 4.3 Climate Resilience Project, Fijian Islands -- 5Conclusion. , References -- 7 Student Work Placements as a Focus for Building Partnerships Between Universities and Sustainable Development Stakeholders -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Work Placement Module at Northumbria University -- 3Completing the Work Placement -- 4Evidence of Success -- 5Graduate Destinations -- 6Challenges -- 7Conclusions -- References -- 8 The Role of Education for Sustainable Development in Maltese Marine Protected Areas: A Qualitative Study -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Marine ESD and Higher Education -- 2Background to the Study -- 2.1 Marine ESD in Malta -- 2.2 MPAs in Malta -- 3Methods -- 4The Findings -- 4.1 The Need for Marine ESD -- 4.2 The Relationship Between MPA Enforcement and ESD -- 4.3 Collaborative Approach to Management of Malta's MPAs -- 5Discussion -- 6Conclusion -- References -- 9 Educational Landscapes for Sustainable Development in Cities. Actors, Structures and Processes in Osnabrück -- Abstract -- 1The Role of Cities and Communities for ESD---International -- 2The Treasure Within Learning---Learning Cities---Sustainable Learning Cities and Regions -- 3Sustainable Development (SD) as a Six-Dimensional Concept -- 4Local/Regional ESD in Germany -- 5About the Term ``Educational Landscape'' and Its Significance for ESD -- 6Osnabrück---Many Steps on the Way Towards a City of ESD -- 7Survey of ESD Activities in Osnabrück -- 8Building Educational Landscapes for Sustainable Development in Osnabrück -- 9Future Perspectives and Problems -- 10General Conclusions -- References -- 10 Involvement of Advanced Level Students Using Ecological Modelling in Research About Regional Sustainability -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background and Method -- 3The Role of the University -- 4Tools and Knowledge for Educating Sustainable Development -- 5Involvement of Advanced Level Students -- 6Conclusion. , References -- Part II Case Studies from Universities -- 11 Aligning Goals for Sustainable Outcomes: Case Study of a University Building in Australia -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Sustainability Education in the Built Environment -- 2RMIT University -- 2.1 The Idea -- 2.2 Swanston Academic Building (SAB) Case Study -- 3Method -- 3.1 Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) -- 3.2 Stakeholder Interviews -- 3.3 Student Projects -- 4Analysis and Discussion -- 4.1 Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) -- 4.2 Interviews -- 4.3 Limitations of the Study -- 5Conclusions -- References -- 12 Science-Society Interfaces---Transforming Universities -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Discourses of Change -- 3Knowledge and Change -- 3.1 Transformative Universities -- 3.2 Transformative Education in Higher Education -- 3.3 Science-Society Interface: Regional Centres of Education for Sustainable Development -- 4Perspectives and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 The Role of Students in the Co-creation of Transformational Knowledge and Sustainability Experiments: Experiences from Sweden, Japan and the USA -- Abstract -- 1Introduction and Background -- 2Methods -- 3Overview of Cases -- 3.1 Oberlin Project -- 3.2 Malmö Innovation Platform -- 3.3 Urban Reformation Program for the Realisation of a Bright Low Carbon Society -- 4Findings -- 4.1 Key Participation Models and Impacts -- 4.1.1 Project-Based Learning -- 4.1.2 Transacademic Research -- 4.1.3 Internships -- 4.1.4 Project Management and Planning -- 4.1.5 Stakeholder Interactions and Sustainability Experiments -- 5Discussion -- 6Conclusion -- References -- 14 Transition to Transformation in Fashion Education for Sustainability -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Origins of a Connected Curriculum -- 3Fashion as Challenge and Possibility -- 4Kering X LCF -- 5Capture and Review. , 6The University/Industry Semi-Permeable Membrane -- 7The Bridge -- 8What ESD Might Offer to Fashion and What Fashion Might Offer to ESD -- 9What Do We Want to Sustain? -- 10The Pushmi Pullyu -- 11Transformative Scenario Planning -- 12Be the Change -- 13Findings and Conclusions -- References -- 15 The Great Problems Seminars: Connecting Students with External Stakeholders in Project-Based Approaches to Sustainable Development Education in the First Year -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Great Problems Seminars -- 3Project Partners -- 4Conclusion -- References -- 16 The Role of Solution-Oriented Knowledge Transfer Programme and Networking in Charting a New Course in University-Stakeholder Engagement -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background -- 3U-SE in Action -- 4The Knowledge Transfer Programme (KTP) -- 5The Networks -- 5.1 APUCEN: Asia-Pacific University-Community Engagement -- 5.2 SEASN: South East Asia Sustainability Network -- 5.3 ALKN: ASEAN Local Knowledge Network -- 5.4 RSEN: Regional Sejahtera ESD Network -- 6Conclusion -- References -- 17 Engineering Education for Sustainable Development in Malaysia: Student Stakeholders Perspectives on the Integration of Holistic Sustainability Competences Within Undergraduate Engineering Programmes -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background of Study -- 3Gauging Student Stakeholders' Perspectives on the Integration of Sustainable Development Competences Within Undergraduate Engineering Programmes in Malaysia -- 4Key Findings and Guidelines for the Integration of Holistic Sustainability Competences to Advance EESD Within Undergraduate Engineering Programmes in Malaysia -- 4.1 Competences to Become Sustainability Competent Engineers -- 4.2 Competences for Inclusion as Learning Outcomes in Undergraduate Engineering Modules. , 4.3 Competences for Inclusion as Learning Outcomes in Undergraduate English Language and Communication Modules.

Note: Intro -- Experiences of Climate Change Adaptationin Africa -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Links Between Capacity and Action in Response to Global Climate Change: A Climate Response Shift at the Local Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Capacity and the Climate Change Problem -- Adaptive and Mitigative Capacity -- Response Capacity -- Translating Capacity into Action -- Risk Perception and Varying Responses to Climate Change -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 2 Key Themes of Local Adaptation to Climate Change: Results from Mapping Community-Based Initiatives in Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Conceptual Framework -- Research Results -- Key Themes of Social Resilience -- Key Themes of Economic Resilience -- Critical Success Factors -- Box 1: Some Examples of Community Involvement, Critical Success Factors and Transferability of African CBA Projects -- Discussion -- Some current limitations to successful adaptation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Potential Climate Change Impacts on Direct Economic Values From Wildlife in the Kilombero Ramsar Site, Tanzania -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection and Analysis -- Results -- Rainfall Pattern and Probability -- Wildlife Hunting Licenses and Outtakes in the North Kilombero Hunting Block -- Direct Economic Value of Wildlife -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Improving the Participation of Agro-Pastoralists in Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy Formulation: A Case Study from Keiyo District, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Description of the Study Area -- Research Approach -- Results and Discussion -- Local Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction. , Agro-Pastoralist Involvement in CCA and DRR Policy Processes -- Challenges to Agro-Pastoralist Involvement in Policy Processes -- Opportunities for Enhancing Agro-Pastoralist Involvement in Policy Processes -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 5 Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems into Climate Change Adaptation and Enhancing Food Security in Nandi and Keiyo Districts, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Keiyo District -- Nandi District -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Household Demographics and Livelihood Activities -- Common Shocks Affecting Household Food Security Status -- Household Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security Risk Reduction -- Reliability and Opportunities for Integrating IKS in CCA and Food Security -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 Climate Change and the Emergence of Helter-Skelter Livelihoods Among the Pastoralists of Samburu East District, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Drought and the Pastoralist -- Conflicts Across Ethnic and International Borders, and with Wildlife -- The Aftermath of Floods -- Family and Community Instability -- Facing up to Climate Change: Adapting and Coping -- Tapping into the Resiliency of the Camel -- Turning to Agro-Pastoral Practices -- Livestock Mobility and Micro-Business Ventures -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Carbon Changes Following the Establishment of Exclosure on Communal Grazing Lands in the Semi-Arid Lowlands of Tigray, Ethiopia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Experimental Design -- Soil Sampling, Analyses and Carbon Stock Calculation -- Vegetation Inventory, Above-Ground Biomass and Carbon Estimation -- Statistical Analyses -- Results. , Ecosystem Carbon Stocks in Exclosures and Adjacent Communal Grazing Lands -- Soil, Vegetation and Climatic Variables Explaining Ecosystem Carbon Stocks -- Ecosystem Carbon Stocks and Site Characteristics in Church Forests -- Discussion -- Comparability of Exclosures and the Adjacent Grazing Lands -- Variation of Soil and Above-Ground Carbon Stocks on Communal Grazing Lands -- Changes in Ecosystem Carbon Stock in Relation to Exclosure Age -- Potential of Exclosures to be Considered as a Clean Development Mechanism Project -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Coastal Forest Buffer Zones and Shoreline Change in Zanzibar, Tanzania: Practical Measures for Climate Adaptation? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Zanzibar -- Project Background, Methods and Research Area -- Coastal Erosion and Environmental Change -- Physical Changes Over the Last 50 Years -- Physical Impacts of Sea Level Rise -- Current Pressures and Local Perceptions -- Coastal Forest Buffer Zones: Planning and Issues -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Conflicting Policies: Institutional Approaches Towards Decentralisation and Promoting Climate Change Resilience in Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Methods -- Study Country -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Decentralisation of the Forest Sector -- Equity, Sustainability, Poverty Reduction and Climate Change -- Anthropogenic Impacts Contributing to Climate Change in Kenya -- Impacts of Climate Change in Kenya -- Impact on Development and the Economy -- Extreme Events and Natural Disasters -- Initiatives in Protected Areas and Curbing Climate Change -- Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 10 Climate Shocks, Perceptions and Coping Options in Semi-Arid Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Climate Change Perceptions. , Climate Shocks and Outcomes -- Coping Options and Knowledge of Climatic and Agricultural Information -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Drought Monitoring in Food-Insecure Areas of Ethiopia by Using Satellite Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An Overview of Drought Monitoring and Modelling -- Drought Object Modelling -- Materials and Methods -- Theoretical Framework -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Materials -- GIS Data Processing and Preliminary Results -- Relationships Between Precipitation and NDVI -- NDVI and Deviation of NDVI for Spatially Locating Drought -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 A Swot Analysis of Mitigation of Climate Change Through REDD -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Strengths of REDD -- REDD Can Serve as a Source of Funds for Sustainable Forest Management -- Ecological Benefits of REDD -- REDD Can Contribute to Poverty Alleviation -- Weaknesses of REDD -- Ecological Versus Economic Rate of Operation -- Spatial and Sectoral Leakages -- Unintended Positive Effects of REDD -- Insufficiency, Unreliability and Complications of REDD Funding -- Tendency to Justify REDD on the Basis of the Lower end of its Costs -- Opportunities for REDD -- Willingness of Developing and Developed Countries to Participate in REDD -- Learning from Similar Past Initiatives -- Threats to REDD -- Poor Governance -- Political Instability and War -- Loss of Interest in REDD by the International Community -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Environmental Mainstreaming in Development Policy and Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study from Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Development Planning Framework -- The District-Focus Planning Framework -- The National Economic and Social Council-led Planning Framework -- Environmental Planning Framework. , Kenya's Environmental Mainstreaming Strategies -- Normative Strategies: Political Commitment and Strategic Vision -- Organisational Strategies: Institutional Arrangements and Practices -- Procedural Strategies: Assessment and Consultation -- Use of Policy Instruments for Environmental Mainstreaming -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 14 Net Primary Productivity Response to Climate Change in the Mount Kenya Ecosystem -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- CASA Model -- Data Used -- General Circulation Model Downscaling -- Results and Discussions -- GCM Downscaling and Validation -- Climatic Scalar Variability -- Estimated CASA Model NPP -- Conclusions -- References -- 15 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change by Developing Promising Strategies Using Analogue Locations in Eastern and Southern Africa: Introducing the Calesa Project -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Scope of the Project and Methodology -- Stakeholders and Expected Outputs -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 The Unitar Climate Change Programme: Innovative Adaptation Initiatives in Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Current and Recent Activities -- Outputs of ACCCA -- Conclusions -- References -- Home Pages, Videos and Resources -- 17 A Grassroots Initiative to Disseminate Solar Energy Technologies in Ethiopia: Implications to Climate Change Education -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Problem and Rationale -- Rationale Behind the Grassroots Initiative -- Background to the Grassroots Initiative -- Methodology -- Selection of Participating Schools -- Textbooks' Review -- Field Survey -- Results -- Integration of Issues Related to Energy and Environment -- Impacts of the Handbook -- Dissemination of Solar Home Systems -- Solar Cookers and Driers -- Sings of Sustainability -- Discussion -- Conclusion and Implication -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 18 Integrating Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge Systems for Climate Change Adaptation in Zambia.

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Note: Intro -- Climate Change Governance -- Contents -- 1 Climate Change Governance: The Challenge for Politics and Public Administration, Enterprises and Civil Society -- Introduction -- Reference -- Part ITheoretical and Conceptual Framingof Climate Change Governance -- 2 Conceptualising Climate Change Governance -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Specific Demands for Climate Change Governance -- 3…Understanding of Governance -- 4…Climate Change Governance -- 4.1 Cross-Boundary, Multi-Level and Multi-Sector Requirements -- 4.2 Multi-Agency Setting -- 4.3 Long-Term Challenges and Uncertainty -- 4.4 Attributes of Climate Change Governance -- 5…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Governance of Wicked Climate Adaptation Problems -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Complicating Characteristics of the Climate Adaptation Problem -- 2.1 A Context of Fragmentation -- 2.2 The Lack of a Well-Structured Policy Domain -- 2.3 Inherent Uncertainty in a Knowledge-Intensive Domain -- 3…Useful Theories for Addressing Wicked Climate Adaptation Problems -- 3.1 Theories About Reflexivity -- 3.2 Theories About Resilience -- 3.3 Theories About Responsiveness -- 3.4 Theories About Revitalisation -- 4…The Value of Theoretical Multiplicity -- 4.1 Reflective Conclusions -- References -- 4 Normative Principles for Adaptation to Climate Change Policy Design and Governance -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Arguments for Normative Principles and Criteria -- 3…A Methodological Approach to the Design of Adaptation to Climate Change Policy -- 4…Consequences of Climate Change Impacts in Latvia and Data Providers -- 5…Risk Minimisation and Polluter Pays Principles as a Basis for Decision-Making Criteria -- 6…Recommendations -- References -- 5 Multi-Level Climate Governance: Strategic Selectivities in International Politics -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction. , 2…From Multilateralism to Re-Nationalisation -- 2.1 The BRIC States -- 2.2 The Financial Market Crisis -- 2.3 The Position of the USA -- 3…Flexibility in Global Competition -- 4…Climate Policy in the Shadow of Energy Security -- 5…Climate Change, Nature and Society -- 6…Neo-Liberalism and Climate Change -- 7…Multi-Level and Meta-Governance -- 8…Conclusions -- References -- 6 Cities and Governance: Coming to Terms with Climate Challenges -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Mapping Climate Change Risks in Cities: Core Risks and Urban Vulnerabilities -- 2.1 Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change---Categorizing Risks -- 2.1.1 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category One---Alterations in Temperature -- 2.1.2 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category Two---Alterations in Precipitation -- 2.1.3 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category Three---Alterations in Storm Frequency and Intensity -- 2.1.4 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category Four---Sea Level Change -- 2.2 Mapping Cities and Climate Change -- 2.2.1 Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 2.2.2 City Mitigation Strategies on Climate Change -- 2.2.3 City Adaptation Strategies on Climate Change -- 3…Using Indicators to Assess and Address Deeper and Enduring Risks and Long-Term Vulnerabilities in Cities -- 4…Cities at Risk: Emerging Approaches to Safer Cities -- 4.1 From Indicators to Governance---Evidence-Based Policy Formulation -- 4.2 The Role of City Indicators on Climate Change for Effective Planning and Management -- 4.3 Addressing Risk and Vulnerability in Cities Through a More Empowered, Cohesive, and Inclusive Governance -- 5…Conclusion -- References -- 7 Local Climate Governance and the Role of Cooperatives -- Abstract -- 1…Local Climate Governance. , 2…Cooperatives as Local Actors -- 3…Local Climate Governance and Cooperatives -- 4…The Möckernkiez Initiative -- 5…Empirical Flaws -- 6…Conclusion: The Potential Roles of Cooperatives in a Climate-friendly Society -- References -- 8 Forecasting the Adoption of Emerging Energy Technologies: Managing Climate Change, Governance and Evolving Social Values -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Literature Review -- 2.1 Technology Assessment and Governance -- 2.2 Forecasting Technology Diffusion and Adoption -- 2.3 Case Analysis: Climate Change and Electric Power Generation -- 3…Conceptual Process -- 3.1 Identification of Factors and Relationships in Multiple Perspectives -- 3.2 Identification of Alternative and Complementary Technologies -- 3.3 Model Building, Scenario Development, Validation -- 3.4 Policy Recommendations -- 4…Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Part IICase Studies I: Policy-Relatedand Governmental Approaches -- 9 Climate Change Issues and Malaysian Initiatives -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…National Policy on Climate Change -- 3…Implementation of Malaysian Climate Change Initiatives:Some of Which are Lacking -- 4…What Should Malaysia Do? -- 5…Conclusion -- References -- 10 Climate Change and the Role of Spatial Planning in England -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The UK Climate Policy Context -- 3…The English Planning System -- 3.1 Planning Interventions -- 3.2 Planning Tools and Resources -- 4…The Role of Spatial Planning in Climate Change -- 4.1 Planning and Renewable Energy Supply -- 4.1.1 Large-Scale Renewable Energy Supply -- 4.1.2 Small-Scale Renewable Energy Supply -- 4.2 Planning and Efficiency in Energy Demand -- 4.2.1 Reducing Car Travel -- 4.2.2 Increasing Energy Efficiency of the Built Environment -- 5…Planning and Adaptation to Climate Change -- 5.1 Flood Risks -- 5.2 Heat Waves -- 6…Concluding Remarks. , Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 The Need for Adaptive Water Governance: Lessons from Canada and Chile -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The Threat of Climate Change and Water Supply -- 3…The Need for a New Institutional Approach -- 4…Conclusion -- References -- 12 Climate Change Adaptation: Institutional Approaches for Developing Countries -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 1.1 What is Adaptation? -- 1.2 Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability -- 2…Challenges of Developing Countries -- 2.1 Dependence on Natural Resources -- 2.2 Poverty -- 2.3 Weak Technical and Organisational Capacity -- 2.4 Socio-Cultural Constraints -- 3…Institutions and Adaptations -- 3.1 What are Institutions? -- 3.2 Relationship Between Institutions and Adaptation -- 4…Responsible Institutional Approaches -- 4.1 National-Level Policy Formulation and Legislation -- 4.2 Local-Level Action: Introduction of the Third Cropping Season -- 4.3 Citizen (Community) Participation -- 4.4 International Cooperation -- 5…Conclusion -- 13 Climate Adaptive Planning for Preventing Heat-Related Health Impacts in New York City -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Climate Adaptation Planning: Some Frameworks and Principles -- 3…New York City's Programs for Excessive Heat Events -- 3.1 Emergency Planning: Cooling Centers and Media Outreach -- 3.2 Surveillance and Research -- 3.3 Adaptive Strategies to Prevent Heat-Related Mortality Among Vulnerable Populations -- 4…New York City's Climate Change Adaptation Task Force -- 5…PlaNYC and Other Climate Adaptive Initiatives -- 6…Discussion and Recommendations -- 6.1 Public Health Objectives into Climate Adaptation Planning in New York City -- 6.2 Arguments for Greater Inclusion in the Climate Planning Process -- 7…Theoretical Considerations: The Practice and Function of Inclusion in Public Planning. , 8…Social Justice in the City: In Support of the Deliberative Democratic Model -- 9…Conclusion for Adaptation Planning in New York City -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Governance Tools for Local Energy Autonomy -- Abstract -- 1…Context -- 2…The 100 % Renewable Energy Governance Tool Kit -- 2.1 Regulation, Legislation and Standards -- 2.2 Carrots and Sticks -- 2.3 From Information to Knowledge Networks -- 2.4 Community Assets: From Public to Cooperative Ownership and Operation -- 2.5 New Plans and Planning Skills -- 2.6 Augmenting Energy Autonomy with Ecological Regeneration -- 3…Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Case Sources Reference Websites -- 15 Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Policy: Examining the Validity and Function of Best Practices -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction: The Rise of International Best Practices -- 2…The Validity of Best Practices -- 3…The Function of Best Practices -- 3.1 Evidence from Four Case Study Cities -- 4…Conclusions: The Need for a Reappraisal of Best Practice -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IIICase Studies II: Business-Relatedand Technical Approaches -- 16 A Decision Support Approach Fostering Technology Transfer Towards Sustainable Energy Development in Kenya -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Kenya's Context -- 2.1 Economic Development -- 2.2 Energy Sector -- 2.3 Climate Change Efforts -- 2.4 Sustainable Development Efforts -- 3…Methodological Procedure Adopted -- 4…Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Energy Service Needs and Priorities -- 4.2 Technology Appropriateness and Suitability -- 4.3 Sustainability Benefits Identified by Stakeholders -- 4.4 Procedure Insights -- 5…Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 17 Climate Change Governance and the Triple Bottom Line Model of Reporting: Delivering Accountability -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction. , 2…Business Responses to and Management of Climate Change.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Sustainability-Based Approach and Methods -- Moving Towards Sustainable Agriculture Through Higher Education -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Sustainable Agriculture -- 2.2 Agriculture and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals -- 2.3 Education for Sustainable Development and Adult Education: Role in Agriculture -- 2.4 Agriculture in Malta -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Challenges in Farming -- 4.2 Impacts of Farming on the Environment -- 4.3 Indigenous Farming Knowledge -- 4.4 A Sustainable Farming Future -- 4.5 Education for Sustainable Development and Farming -- 4.6 Discussion on Main Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Balancing Sustainable Livelihoods and Conservation in the Marine Environment -- 1 Introduction to MPA Management and People's Livelihoods -- 2 Livelihoods and the Local Context -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Main Themes -- 4.2 Discussion and from the Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Data -- 5 Recommendations -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Linking Biodiversity and Human Health to Achieve Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Maltese Context -- 2.1 The Maltese Environment and Biodiversity -- 2.2 Pollution and Health -- 2.3 Effects of Biodiversity on Human Health and Well-Being -- 2.4 Biodiversity, Stress and Mental Health -- 2.5 Biodiversity and Physical Health -- 2.6 Ecosystem Services -- 2.7 Loss of Human-Nature Connection -- 2.8 Sustainable Exploitation -- 2.9 Humans and Their Perceptions of Nature -- 2.10 Research Gaps Identified -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 The Interviews -- 3.2 Data Analysis -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Assessment of Study Findings -- 6 The Influence-Process-Action Model -- 7 Recommendations -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Understanding Scale in Wicked Problems of Sustainable Development: Who Needs Dedicated Courses in Higher Education?. , 1 Introduction -- 2 The Meaning of Scale -- 3 A Classification of Work Assignments -- 4 Learning to Solve a Complex Problem -- 5 Creating a Hierarchy of Problems -- 6 Using Scale in Assignments-Examples from Different Disciplines -- 7 Conclusion-Whom to Teach About Scale -- References -- Presenting an Interdisciplinary Teaching Approach to Involve University Students in Issues of Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Concept of the Course -- 3 Feedback and Evaluation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Methods of Transdisciplinary Collaboration Within Sustainable Research and Development Projects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Description of Approaches for Transdisciplinary Research and Development -- 3 Application of the TDR Approaches in the Field of Climate Adaptation -- 3.1 Climate Adaptation as a Case Study -- 3.2 TDR Methods Applied in Three Projects Aimed at Climate Change Adaptation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Universities as 'Global Citizens': Reflections and Learning from a Project on Female Leadership for Sustainable Development of Fishing Communities in Colombia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Project Background -- 2.1 Project on Sustainable Development and Women's Leadership -- 2.2 Community Based Participatory Research -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Analysis of Power Relations (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical) -- 4.2 Agency -- 4.3 Identity -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- 5.1 Agency and Identity and Their Links to Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Power Relations -- 5.2 The Role of HE as Global Citizen, Considerations and Potential Impact -- References -- Geography of Food Summer School: International Exchange for Sustainable Food Value Chains -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Geography of Food Education Programme -- 2.1 Background and Goals -- 2.2 Educational Concept -- 2.3 Course Phases and Content. , 2.4 Integration of Key Educational Elements into Course Phases -- 3 Experiences and Learnings -- 3.1 Implementation -- 3.2 Evaluation -- 3.3 Quality Assessment -- 4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- The Role of Higher Education Stakeholder Networks for Sustainable Development: A Systems Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stakeholder Networks as Drivers of Sustainable Development Implementation in Higher Education Institutions -- 3 Systems Thinking, Analysis and Assessment of Stakeholders' Networks in HEIs -- 3.1 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) a Way of Enquiring About Complexity -- 3.2 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM): Managing and Controlling the Transformation Process -- 3.3 Measuring the Performance of a System with SSM: CATWOE, the Transformation Process and the Three 'Es': Efficacy, Efficiency and Effectiveness -- 3.4 Assessing the Performance of Stakeholder's Network: A Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) Model -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Corporate Sustainability Benchmarking in Academia: Green Campus, Living Labs, Socioeconomic and Socioenvironmental Initiatives in Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Climate Change -- 1.2 Green Campuses -- 1.3 Living Labs -- 1.4 Economic and Socioenvironmental Sustainability Initiatives -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Themes -- 2.2 Indicators -- 2.3 Obtaining Information -- 2.4 Selecting the Reference Universities -- 2.5 Selecting the Universities in Santa Catarina -- 3 Profile of the Selected Universities -- 3.1 European and North American Campuses (EACs) -- 3.2 Santa Catarina Campuses (SCCs) -- 4 Corporate Sustainbility Bench Marking -- 4.1 Green Campus -- 4.2 Living Labs -- 4.3 Economic and Socioenvironmental Sustainability for Society Initiatives -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , What About the Human Side of Climate-Induced Migration? The Role of Universities in Improving Refugees' Wellbeing by Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Climate Change-Induced Migration, the Climate Refugees -- 2.2 Universities for the Sustainable Development Goals: Assisting the Climate Refugees -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results and Discussions: The Contributions of Universities to Implement the Sustainable Development Goals for Climate Refugees -- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Critical Thinking, Moral Courage, and Sustainable Development Goals. Universities as a Driving Force for Societal Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Critical Thinking and Courage as Hallmarks of Higher Education -- 3 The Purpose of the University. Sustainability as the Teleological, Greater Good -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Sustainable Development: An Analysis Based on Conference Papers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Method -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Citations Analysis from Conference Papers on Sustainable Development -- 4.2 Case Study of One International Conference in Brazil -- 4.3 Relevance for Society and Implementation of the SDGs -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Strategic Planning for a Sustainable Development Centre Using the Balanced Scorecard -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Reference -- 2.1 Balanced ScoreCard-BSC, Perspectives and Premises -- 2.2 BSC and Its Relationship to the Strategic Map -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 BSC Greens Group: The Strategic Map -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Drawing Sustainability: Helping Students to Know What They Know -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Role of Business Schools in Education for Sustainability -- 3 The Importance on Learning Recognition -- 4 The Value of Drawing -- 5 Drawing Sustainability as a Learning Activity. , 6 Research Process -- 7 Results -- 7.1 Drawing Sustainability as a Tool to Benchmark Students' Knowledge -- 7.2 Recognition of Learning Through Drawing Sustainability -- 7.3 Other Learning Outcomes Recognised -- 8 Drawing Sustainability and Indicators of Learning -- 9 Impacts and Implications of Drawing Sustainability -- 10 Limitations Recognised in This Research -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- We Can Only Do It Together: Addressing Global Sustainability Challenges Through a Collaborative Paradigm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Role of Higher Education in Addressing Global Challenges -- 3 Blueprint for a New Paradigm in HEIs -- 4 Knowledge and Policy-Which Knowledge Is Needed in a Time of Systemic Shifts? -- 5 Limits to and Risks with the "Technological" Approach -- 6 Particular Challenges for Universities -- 7 Why Do We Need Agile Learning Organisations in Higher Education? -- 8 A Role for the SDGs in Higher Education? -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Change Project Approach for Reorienting University Teaching Towards the Implementation of Sustainability Principles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Change Project Approach (CPA) as a Response to Socio-Economic Challenges of Sustainable Development -- 2.1 Change Project Action Research Cycle and Stages -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Materials: Description of Cases -- 3.2 Methods: Case Study Analysis and Value Creation Conceptual Framework -- 4 Results and Discussion on CPA Case Study Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- Annex: Change Project Value Creation Stories -- References -- Case Studies on Sustainable Development at Universities -- Education for Sustainable Development: A University Perspective -- 1 Introduction: Sustainable Development on the Political Agenda of Latvia -- 2 Sustainability and Universities -- 3 New Concepts-New Challenges -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , Students' Perception of Campus Sustainability in a Brazilian University.