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  • Chemistry  (3)
  • Diazepam  (2)
  • Septum  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of acetylcholine turnover in rat hippocampus by intraseptal injections of β-endorphin and morphine (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 299 (1977), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Morphine ; β-Endorphin ; Naltrexone ; Acetylcholine turnover ; Septum ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraseptal administration of morphine (70 nmol) or β-endorphin (0.7 nmol) reduced the rate of acetylcholine (ACh) turnover (TRACh) in rat hippocampus but not in striatum or cortex. These intraseptal injections failed to modify the ACh content and did not elicit analgesia. Naltrexone (15 μmol/kg, i.p.) completely antagonized the decrease of hippocampal TRACh elicited by the two opiate receptor agonists. Furthermore, intraseptal injections of naltrexone partially blocked the decrease in hippocampal TRACh induced by intraperitoneal administration of morphine (70 μmol/kg, i.p.). These data suggest that opiate agonists decrease hippocampal TRACh by regulating septal cholinergic neurons, and that this effect is not associated with analgesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498556
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for an involvement of GABA in the mediation of the cerebellar cGMP decrease and the anticonvulsant action of diazepam (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 289 (1975), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: cGMP ; Isoniazid ; Cerebellum ; GABA ; Picrotoxin ; Diazepam ; Convulsions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcutaneous injections of isoniazid or picrotoxin increase the cerebellar content of 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) without changing the 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP. This increase was dose dependent and the threshold for the cGMP increase was lower than that for convulsions. In cerebellum the increase of cGMP content elicited by isoniazid but not that caused by picrotoxin was paralleled by a decrease of GABA content. Diazepam doses starting from 1.74 μmol/kg intraperitoneally produced a dose dependent decrease of cerebellar cGMP concentration without changing cAMP or GABA content. Smaller doses of diazepam (0.5 μmol/kg i.p.) failed to decrease the basal cerebellar content of cGMP. However, this dose of diazepam antagonized the increase of cGMP produced by isoniazid but not that produced by picrotoxin. Higher doses of diazepam were necessary to block the increase of cerebellar cGMP elicited by picrotoxin. Low doses of diazepam (0.14 μmol/kg) antagonized the convulsions in 50% of the rats injected with 3.3 mmol/kg of isoniazid. The doses of diazepam required to block picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol or strychnine convulsions were 7, 25 and 40 times higher than those required to block isoniazid convulsions, respectively. Desmethyldiazepam, chloridiazepoxide, oxazepam were also several times more potent in antagonizing isoniazid than picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, or strychnine convulsions. In contrast, barbiturates were equipotent against all the convulsants studied. These experiments suggest that diazepam may act in the CNS either by altering the disposition of endogenous GABA or by mimicking the action of GABA at specific synaptic receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508411
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional changes in the rate of turnover of acetylcholine in rat brain following diazepam or muscimol (1976)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 294 (1976), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Diazepam ; Muscimol ; Acetylcholine turnover ; GABA receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscimol (8.8 μmol/kg i.v.) and diazepam (7.04 μmol/kg i.p.) decreased the rate of turnover of acetylcholine in midbrain and cortex of rat brain but failed to change acetylcholine turnover in striatum and hippocampus. The similarity in the profile of the action of diazepam and muscimol on acetylcholine turnover in various brain structures adds support to the view thet GABA participates in mediating the actions of diazepam. Since the striatum contains an abundance of GABA neurones and intrinsic cholinergic neurones, it is inferred that the metabolism of acetylcholine, and presumably the activity of striatal cholinergic neurones are not regulated by the activation of GABA receptors. Similar considerations apply to the cholinergic pathway projecting from the septum to the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508392
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nomifensine and other antidepressant drugs on acetylcholine turnover in various regions of rat brain (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 304 (1978), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Amphetamine ; Antidepressant ; Nomifensine ; Cortex ; Hippocampus ; Septum ; Acetylcholine turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetylcholine (ACh) content and turnover rate (TRACh) have been measured in various brain regions of rats receiving the antidepressant nomifensine. The action of nomifensine was compared to that of amphetamine, apomorphine and several tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, chlorimipramine, desipramine and iprindole). Nomifensine (14, 28 and 71 μmol/kg, i.p.) and amphetamine (27 μmol/kg, i.p.) increase TRACh in the cortex, hippocampus and diencephalon, but fail to change ACh content. Since both drugs release catecholamines, we tested the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist apomorphine (2.4 and 4.8 μmol/kg, s.c.) and found that it fails to change the TRACh or the ACh content in the cortex or diencephalon, but that it decreases TRACh in the hippocampus. Since apomorphine in doses that cause stereotypy fails to increase TRACh in cortex and hippocampus, one can infer that the increase in cortical and hippocampal TRACh caused by nomifensine and amphetamine is unrelated to their ability to cause stereotypy. Phenoxybenzamine (15 nmole) injected intraseptally fails to change hippocampal TRACh but blocks the nomifensine- and amphetamine-induced increase of TRACh in cortex and hippocampus. This indicates that the nomifensine- and amphetamine-induced increase of TRACh in the cortex and perhaps in the hippocampus is due to noradrenergic activation of the cholinergic neurons. The increase of TRACh caused by nomifensine is probably not related to its action on depression since none of the tricyclic antidepressants tested affects ACh content or TRACh in the brain regions examined. The only exception is amitriptyline, which decreases ACh content in the cortex and striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00507967
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of gaseous hydrocarbons on activated carbon: Characteristic kinetic curve (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 982-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The internal diffusion coefficients, Di, of pure methane, ethane and ethylene as well as some of their binary and ternary mixtures, have been calculated at 20°C for solid particles of a commercial activated carbon. It has been observed that the contribution of the surface migration mechanism to the global mass transfer process inside the adsorbent particles can be as much as 70-80%. Values for the surface migration coefficient Ds have also been calculated from the relation Di = Dg + KDs, where K is a dimensionless mean slope factor. Values found for both coefficients are of the same order of magnitude as those reported in the literature for similar systems.All the values for the internal diffusion coefficients of these pure components and their mixtures fit into a single correlation curve, the characteristic kinetic curve of the adsorbent.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310615
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of binary and ternary hydrocarbon gas mixtures on activated carbon: Experimental determination and theoretical prediction of the ternary equilibrium data (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental binary and ternary equilibrium data for the adsorption of hydrocarbon mixtures of methane, ethane, ethylene, and propylene on activated carbon at 20°C are presented and discussed. Reproduction of binary adsorption equilibria and prediction of ternary adsorption equilibria exclusively with data of binary systems have been carried out using a real adsorbed solution theory, which requires the calculation of the activity coefficients for the components in the adsorbed phase.Predicted equilibrium data are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental values using Wilson and UNIQUAC equations to calculate the activity coefficients. The real absorbed solution theory provides a much more accurate method for predicting multicomponent adsorption equilibria than the ideal adsorbed solution theory.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass-fragmentography of nanogram quantities of biogenic amine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid and whole rat brainAbbreviations: PFPA = pentafluoropropionic anhydride; PFPI = pentafluoropropionic imidazole; VMA = vanilmandelic acid; ME/PFP = methyl ester/pentafluoropropionyl; DOPAC = dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; HVA = homovanillic acid; PHPA = p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid; PHMA = p-hydroxymandelic acid; MHPG = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol; MHPE = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl ethanol. (1975)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mass fragmentographic method is described for the simultaneous assay of both the acidic and alcoholic metabolites of tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and norepinephrine. The method was successfully applied for the measurement of nanogram quantities of these metabolites in human ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids and in the rat brain. Mass fragmentography was carried out on the methyl ester/pentafluoroproprionyl derivatives of the acidic and the pentafluoropropionyl derivatives of the alcoholic metabolites, employing an 8 ft 3% SE-54 column. Chemical methods for the synthesis of a number of deuterated isomers (isotopomers) of the above metabolites are also described. These isotopomers were utilized as internal reference standards for the assay of the metabolites in biological materials. They were also used to study the fragmentation reactions of these metabolite derivatives.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200020404
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