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  • Chemistry  (3)
  • Cortex  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 304 (1978), S. 263-269 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Amphetamine ; Antidepressant ; Nomifensine ; Cortex ; Hippocampus ; Septum ; Acetylcholine turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetylcholine (ACh) content and turnover rate (TRACh) have been measured in various brain regions of rats receiving the antidepressant nomifensine. The action of nomifensine was compared to that of amphetamine, apomorphine and several tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, chlorimipramine, desipramine and iprindole). Nomifensine (14, 28 and 71 μmol/kg, i.p.) and amphetamine (27 μmol/kg, i.p.) increase TRACh in the cortex, hippocampus and diencephalon, but fail to change ACh content. Since both drugs release catecholamines, we tested the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist apomorphine (2.4 and 4.8 μmol/kg, s.c.) and found that it fails to change the TRACh or the ACh content in the cortex or diencephalon, but that it decreases TRACh in the hippocampus. Since apomorphine in doses that cause stereotypy fails to increase TRACh in cortex and hippocampus, one can infer that the increase in cortical and hippocampal TRACh caused by nomifensine and amphetamine is unrelated to their ability to cause stereotypy. Phenoxybenzamine (15 nmole) injected intraseptally fails to change hippocampal TRACh but blocks the nomifensine- and amphetamine-induced increase of TRACh in cortex and hippocampus. This indicates that the nomifensine- and amphetamine-induced increase of TRACh in the cortex and perhaps in the hippocampus is due to noradrenergic activation of the cholinergic neurons. The increase of TRACh caused by nomifensine is probably not related to its action on depression since none of the tricyclic antidepressants tested affects ACh content or TRACh in the brain regions examined. The only exception is amitriptyline, which decreases ACh content in the cortex and striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 304 (1978), S. 107-110 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Cannabidiol ; Hippocampus ; Cortex ; Striatum ; Acetylcholine ; Turnover rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, (Δ9THC) the major psychoactive compound of marijuana, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component, on the acetylcholine (ACh) concentration and the turnover rate of ACh (TRACh) have been studied in various regions of the rat brain. Neither Δ9THC doses from 0.2 to 10 mg/kg nor CBD (10 or 20 mg/kg) alter the ACh concentration in the brain areas examined 30 min, after the intravenous injection. However, Δ9-THC (doses from 0.2 to 10 mg/kg) causes a marked dose-related decrease in the TRACh in hippocampus whereas CBD is without effect in this brain region even when 20 mg/kg is given. Furthermore, high doses of Δ9-THC (5 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) that produce a significant decrease in the TRACh of striatum fail to change the TRACh in parietal cortex. The low doses of Δ9-THC required to reduce hippocampal TRACh suggest that an action on these cholinergic mechanisms may play a role in the psychotomimetic activity of Δ9-THC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 982-991 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The internal diffusion coefficients, Di, of pure methane, ethane and ethylene as well as some of their binary and ternary mixtures, have been calculated at 20°C for solid particles of a commercial activated carbon. It has been observed that the contribution of the surface migration mechanism to the global mass transfer process inside the adsorbent particles can be as much as 70-80%. Values for the surface migration coefficient Ds have also been calculated from the relation Di = Dg + KDs, where K is a dimensionless mean slope factor. Values found for both coefficients are of the same order of magnitude as those reported in the literature for similar systems.All the values for the internal diffusion coefficients of these pure components and their mixtures fit into a single correlation curve, the characteristic kinetic curve of the adsorbent.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental binary and ternary equilibrium data for the adsorption of hydrocarbon mixtures of methane, ethane, ethylene, and propylene on activated carbon at 20°C are presented and discussed. Reproduction of binary adsorption equilibria and prediction of ternary adsorption equilibria exclusively with data of binary systems have been carried out using a real adsorbed solution theory, which requires the calculation of the activity coefficients for the components in the adsorbed phase.Predicted equilibrium data are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental values using Wilson and UNIQUAC equations to calculate the activity coefficients. The real absorbed solution theory provides a much more accurate method for predicting multicomponent adsorption equilibria than the ideal adsorbed solution theory.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mass fragmentographic method is described for the simultaneous assay of both the acidic and alcoholic metabolites of tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and norepinephrine. The method was successfully applied for the measurement of nanogram quantities of these metabolites in human ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids and in the rat brain. Mass fragmentography was carried out on the methyl ester/pentafluoroproprionyl derivatives of the acidic and the pentafluoropropionyl derivatives of the alcoholic metabolites, employing an 8 ft 3% SE-54 column. Chemical methods for the synthesis of a number of deuterated isomers (isotopomers) of the above metabolites are also described. These isotopomers were utilized as internal reference standards for the assay of the metabolites in biological materials. They were also used to study the fragmentation reactions of these metabolite derivatives.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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