Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 General Introduction -- 1.2 Importance of Technologies in Climate Change Research on Agriculture -- 1.3 Summary -- References -- 2: Carbon Dioxide -- 2.1 Measurements of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Atmosphere, Soil and Agricultural Crops -- 2.1.1 Infrared Gas Analysis -- 2.1.2 Eddy Covariance Technique -- Components of Eddy Covariance System -- Major Components Used in Eddy Covariance Technique -- Sonic Anemometer -- Data Storage -- Power Supply -- Flux Calculations -- Measurements Using Eddy Covariance Flux Towers -- Limitations -- 2.1.3 Gas Chromatography -- 2.1.4 Spectroscopic Methods -- 2.1.5 Carbon Stock Measurement Technique -- 2.1.6 Wet Digestion -- 2.1.7 Dry Combustion -- 2.1.8 Dry Combustion in an Elemental Analyser -- 2.1.9 Fractionation of Soil Organic Carbon -- 2.1.10 Physical Fractions -- 2.1.11 Chemical Fractionation -- 2.1.12 Spectroscopic Method -- 2.1.13 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) -- 2.1.14 Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) -- 2.1.15 CO2 Emission Measurement from Soil: Quantitative Approach -- Alkali Trap Method -- Soil Respirator Method -- Infrared Gas Analysis Method -- Closed-Chamber Method -- 2.1.16 Space-Borne Measurements -- 2.2 Technologies Associated with CO2 Enrichment Studies (Crop Response Studies) -- 2.2.1 Leaf Cuvettes -- 2.2.2 Sunlit-Controlled Environment Chambers -- 2.2.3 Soil Plant Atmosphere Research (SPAR) System -- 2.2.4 Portable Field Chamber -- 2.2.5 Open-Top Chamber -- 2.2.6 Screen-Aided CO2 Control (SACC) -- 2.2.7 Free Air CO2 Enrichment Technology (FACE) -- 2.3 Modelling Techniques -- 2.4 Mitigation Technologies -- 2.4.1 Carbon Sequestration -- Land-Based Enhanced Rock Weathering Method of Carbon Sequestration: -- 2.4.2 Zero-Tillage -- 2.4.3 Agroforestry. , 2.4.4 Crop Residue Management -- 2.4.5 Biofuels -- 2.4.6 Biochar -- 2.4.7 Mycorrhiza -- 2.4.8 Microalgae -- 2.4.9 Organic Agriculture -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3: Methane -- 3.1 Technologies Associated with Methane (CH4) Emission and Crop Response Studies -- 3.1.1 Measurements of Methane Emission in Stationary Mode -- 3.1.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) -- 3.1.3 Non-micrometeorological Techniques -- Chamber Techniques: -- Calculation of Methane Flux -- Enteric Tracer Ratio -- External Tracer Ratio -- Mass Balance from Barns -- 3.1.4 Micrometeorological Techniques -- Mass Balance -- Integrated Horizontal Flux (IHF) -- Modified Mass Difference (MMD) Approach -- Vertical Flux Techniques -- Eddy Covariance (EC) -- 3.2 Modelling Techniques -- 3.3 Mitigation Technologies -- 3.3.1 Potassium Amendment -- 3.3.2 Midseason Drainage -- 3.3.3 Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Technology -- 3.3.4 Nitrogen Fertilizer on Methane Emissions -- 3.3.5 Biocovers of Landfills -- 3.3.6 Biological Aspect of the Amendment of Methanogenic Activity -- 3.3.7 Breeding Rice Cultivars for Reduced Methane Emissions -- 3.4 Summary -- References -- 4: Nitrous Oxide -- 4.1 Methods for Measurement of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) in Atmosphere and Soil -- 4.1.1 Soil Surface Gas Flux Measurement Methods -- Advantages of Closed-Chamber Method -- Precautions -- Limitations -- Points to Minimize the Uncertainties -- 4.1.2 Micrometeorological Technique -- Calculation of N2O Flux -- 4.2 Modelling Techniques -- 4.3 Mitigation Technologies -- 4.3.1 Fertilizer Management Technology -- 4.3.2 Slow Release of Fertilizer Application and Manipulation Technologies -- 4.3.3 Water Management Technology for Mitigation of N2O Emission -- 4.4 Summary -- References -- 5: Ozone -- 5.1 Methods for Studying the Effect of Ozone (O3) on Agricultural Crops -- 5.1.1 Ozone-Generating Technologies. , 5.2 Modelling Techniques -- 5.3 Mitigation Technologies -- 5.4 Summary -- References -- 6: Temperature -- 6.1 Methods for Measurement of Temperature in Crops, Soil and Atmosphere -- 6.2 Temperature Enrichment Technologies for Crop Response Studies -- 6.2.1 Temperature Gradient Chambers -- 6.2.2 Temperature Gradient Greenhouses (TGG) -- 6.2.3 SPAR System (Soil Plant Atmosphere Research System) -- 6.2.4 Infrared (IR) Warming Technology -- 6.2.5 Free Air Temperature Enrichment Technology (FATE) -- 6.2.6 Soil Warming System -- 6.3 Modelling Techniques -- 6.4 Mitigation Technologies -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- 7: The Plant Water Status -- 7.1 Methods for Measurement of Water Status in Plants and Soils -- 7.1.1 Dynamic Water Movement -- 7.2 Method to Determine Climate Change Effect on Crop Water Productivity -- 7.3 Method to Estimate Climate Change Impact on Soil Water Balance -- 7.4 Mitigation Technologies for Water Stress -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- 8: Summary -- Glossary.