Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The `Attracting Nature´ of Nature -- 1.2 The Mathematics of Self-Organization -- 1.3 Frozen Kinetics or the Large River Effect -- 1.4 Variable Potentials -- 1.5 Lessons to Be Learned from the Dynamics of a Myrmecochorous Plant Community -- 1.6 Adiabatic Approximation -- 1.6.1 Continuous or Discrete Modeling -- 1.6.2 Continuous and Discrete Modeling in Multidimensional Space -- 1.7 Disadvantages of the Continuous Approach -- 1.8 Lessons to Be Learned from the Adhesive System of Insects -- 1.9 Lessons to Be Learned from Hairy Spatulate Contact Structures -- References -- Chapter 2: Various Methods of Pattern Formation -- 2.1 A Simple Theory of Phase Transitions and Pattern Formation -- 2.2 Automatic Blocking of the Nucleation and Freezing of the Process -- 2.3 Large-Scale Structure of the Fluctuating Field: Universality and Scaling -- 2.4 Chemical Appearance of Fractal Surfaces -- 2.5 Mathematical Creation of Fractal Surfaces -- 2.6 The Combination of Discrete and Continuous Techniques -- References -- Chapter 3: Clusterization of Biological Structures with High Aspect Ratio -- 3.1 Adhesion without Clusterization Due to a Material Gradient -- 3.1.1 Fibrillar Adhesive Systems of Insect Feet -- 3.1.2 Structure and Material Properties of Insect Setae -- 3.1.3 Mathematical Model of Insect Setae with Gradients of Mechanical Properties -- 3.1.4 Functional Significance of Gradients of Material Properties -- 3.2 Adhesion without Clusterization Due to a Non-uniformly Distributed 3D Structure -- 3.2.1 Hierarchical Structure of the Gecko Adhesive Setae -- 3.2.2 Mathematical Model of Contact Formation by Gecko Setae -- 3.2.3 Functional Significance of a Non-uniform Geometry -- 3.3 Adhesion with Clustering Behavior. , 3.3.1 Carbon Nanotube Arrays as an Approach to Bioinspired Adhesives -- 3.3.2 Mathematical Model of the Clustering of Nanotube Arrays -- 3.3.3 Functional Significance of CNT Clusterization in Multiple Attachment-Detachment Cycles -- References -- Chapter 4: Contact Between Biological Attachment Devices and Rough Surfaces -- 4.1 The Role of Dimension in the Adhesive Properties of Spatula-Like Biological Attachment Devices -- 4.1.1 The Significance of Roughness with Regard to Attachment Capabilities -- 4.1.2 Contact Formation with Numerically Generated Rough Surfaces -- 4.1.3 Contact Formation on Rough Surfaces Created by Gaussian Convolution -- 4.1.4 Contact Formation with Real Substrates of Different Roughness -- 4.1.5 Biological Consequences of Roughness-Dependent Attachment Capabilities -- 4.2 Shear-Induced Adhesion of Biological Spatula-Like Attachment Devices -- 4.2.1 Microscopical Examination of Various Spatulae -- 4.2.2 Numerical Modeling of the Shear-Induced Contact of Spatulae with Rough Surfaces -- 4.2.3 Implications for Biological Systems -- 4.3 Wet Attachment and Loss of the Fluid from the Adhesive Pads in Contact with the Substrate -- 4.3.1 Attraction Based on Liquid Bridges -- 4.3.2 Microscopic Examination of Insect Prints with Wet Adhesion -- 4.3.3 Fluid Loss Model -- 4.3.4 Influence of Various Factors on the Fluid Distribution -- 4.3.5 Discussion of the Numerically Obtained Results and Biological Consequences -- 4.4 Self-Alignment System of an Adhesive Fruit -- 4.4.1 The Plant Commicarpus helenas in Nature -- 4.4.2 Numerical Model of Commicarpus Adhesion to Rough Surfaces -- 4.4.3 Biological Significance of the Obtained Results -- References -- Chapter 5: Anisotropic Friction in Biological Systems -- 5.1 Frictional-Anisotropy-Based Mechanical Systems in Biology. , 5.1.1 Numerical Model of Anisotropic Friction in Propulsion and Particle Transport -- 5.1.2 Typical Temporal Development and Mean Values of Forces -- 5.1.3 Main Results and Biological Implications -- 5.2 Anisotropic Surface Nanostructures of Snake Skin -- 5.2.1 Modeling of the Frictional Behavior of Snake Skin -- 5.2.2 Mean Friction Forces of Snake Skin and Their Variations -- 5.3 Snake Locomotion with Change of Body Shape Based on the Friction Anisotropy of the Ventral Skin -- 5.3.1 Dynamic Change of Frictional Interactions -- 5.3.2 Experimental Observations -- 5.3.3 Numerical Model of Snake-Like Motion -- 5.3.4 Biological Interpretation of the Numerical Results -- References -- Chapter 6: Mechanical Interlocking of Biological Fasteners -- 6.1 Co-opted Contact Pairs in Arresting Systems of Insects -- 6.1.1 Some Arresting Structures Observed in Biological Systems -- 6.1.2 Continuous Model of an Arresting System -- 6.1.3 Discrete Model of an Arresting System and Dynamic Simulations -- 6.1.4 Biological and Biomimetic Significance of the Obtained Results -- 6.2 Mechanical Interlocking and Unzipping in Bird Feathers -- 6.2.1 General Properties of Bird Feathers -- 6.2.2 Basic Experimental Results -- 6.2.3 Modeling of Feather Unzipping -- 6.2.4 Recovery of Ruptured Feathers -- References -- Chapter 7: Biomechanics at the Microscale -- 7.1 Model of Penile Propulsion in a Chrysomelid Beetle -- 7.1.1 CLSM Examination of the Genitalia of Cassida rubiginosa -- 7.1.2 Simplified Model of the Flagellum and the Helical Spermathecal Duct -- 7.1.3 The Stiffness Gradient of the Beetle Penis Facilitates Propulsion in the Female Spermathecal Duct -- 7.1.4 Comparison of the Model Results and Microscopical Observations -- 7.2 Slow Viscoelastic Response of Resilin -- 7.2.1 General Properties and Biological Importance of Resilin. , 7.2.2 Physical Properties of Resilin and Experimental Methods -- 7.2.3 Two Procedures for Modeling the Experimental Results -- References -- Chapter 8: Nanoscale Pattern Formation in Biological Surfaces -- 8.1 Snake Skin Surface Nanostructures -- 8.1.1 Correlation Analysis of the Nanostructures of Moth Eye and Snake Skin -- 8.1.2 Correlation Analysis of Numerically Generated Structure Arrangements -- 8.2 3D Pattern Formation of Colloid Spheres in the Water-Repellent Cerotegument of Whip-Spiders -- 8.2.1 Water Repellence and Ultrastructure of Certain Granules in the Whip-Spider Cerotegument -- 8.2.2 Numerical Simulation of the Colloidal Self-assembly of Cerotegument Structures -- 8.2.3 Discussion of the Results and Their Biological Significance -- 8.3 Numerical Simulation of the Pattern Formation of Springtail Cuticle Nanostructures -- 8.3.1 Biological and Chemical Background of Pattern Formation in Springtail Cuticle -- 8.3.2 Numerical Model of the Pattern Formation in Springtail Cuticle -- 8.3.3 Discussion of the Results and Biological Significance -- References -- Chapter 9: Ecology and Evolution -- 9.1 Long-Term Dynamics of Ant-Species-Dependent Plant Seeds -- 9.1.1 Myrmecochorous Plant Community -- 9.1.2 Temporal Development of the Forest Ecosystem -- 9.1.3 Integral Values of Time-Depending Behavior and Their Biological Interpretation -- 9.1.4 Discussion of the Modeling Results -- 9.2 Influence of Aggregation Behavior on Predator-Prey Interactions -- 9.2.1 Numerical Model of Interactions Between a Predator and Aggregated Prey -- 9.2.2 Model Behavior in a ``Flat´´ World -- 9.2.3 Model Behavior in a ``Cylindrical World´´ -- 9.2.4 Biological Consequences of Motion in Worlds of Different Topologies -- References -- Index.

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