Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Note: Intro -- Bat Conservation -- Contents -- Advisory board -- About the authors -- Acknowledgements -- About this book -- The purpose of Conservation Evidence synopses -- Who this synopsis is for -- The Conservation Evidence project -- Scope of the Bat Conservation synopsis -- How we decided which bat conservation interventions to include -- How we reviewed the literature -- How the evidence is summarized -- Terminology used to describe evidence -- Taxonomy -- Significant results -- Interpretation of evidence -- IMPORTANT NOTE - defining the phrase 'we found no evidence' -- How you can help to change conservation practice -- Threat: Residential and commercial development -- Key messages -- Conserve existing roosts within developments -- Retain or relocate access points to bat roosts -- Create alternative roosts within buildings -- Change timing of building works -- Conserve old buildings or structures as roosting sites for bats -- Maintain bridges and retain crevices for roosting -- Protect brownfield sites -- Provide foraging habitat in urban areas -- Retain or replace existing bat commuting routes -- 1.1 Conserve existing roosts within developments -- 1.2 Retain or relocate access points to bat roosts -- 1.3 Create alternative roosts within buildings -- 1.4 Change timing of building works -- 1.5 Conserve old buildings or structures as roosting sites for bats -- 1.6 Maintain bridges and retain crevices for roosting -- 1.7 Protect brownfield sites -- 1.8 Provide foraging habitat in urban areas -- 1.9 Retain or replace existing bat commuting routes -- Threat: Agriculture -- Key messages - Land use change -- Conserve old buildings or structures as roosting sites for bats -- Retain old or dead trees with hollows and cracks as roosting sites for bats -- Retain or plant trees to replace foraging habitat for bats. , Protect or create wetlands as foraging habitat for bats -- Retain or replace existing bat commuting routes -- Key messages - Intensive farming -- Convert to organic farming -- Introduce agri-environment schemes -- Encourage agroforestry -- Land use change -- 2.1 Conserve old buildings or structures as roosting sites for bats -- 2.2 Retain dead/old trees with hollows and cracks as roosting sites for bats -- 2.3 Retain or plant trees to replace foraging habitat for bats -- 2.4 Protect or create wetlands as foraging habitat for bats -- 2.5 Retain or replace existing bat commuting routes -- Intensive farming -- 2.6 Convert to organic farming -- 2.7 Introduce agri-environment schemes -- 2.8 Encourage agroforestry -- Threat: Energy production - wind turbines -- Key messages -- Modify turbine design to reduce bat fatalities -- Modify turbine placement to reduce bat fatalities -- Leave a minimum distance between turbines and habitat features used by bats -- Deter bats from turbines using radar -- Deter bats from turbines using ultrasound -- Remove turbine lighting to avoid attracting bats -- Switch off turbines at low wind speeds to reduce bat fatalities -- Automatically switch off wind turbines when bat activity is high -- Close off nacelles on wind turbines to prevent roosting bats -- 3.1 Modify turbine design to reduce bat fatalities -- 3.2 Modify turbine placement to reduce bat fatalities -- 3.3 Leave a minimum distance between turbines and habitat features used by bats -- 3.4 Deter bats from turbines using radar -- 3.5 Deter bats from turbines using ultrasound -- 3.6 Remove turbine lighting to avoid attracting bats -- 3.7 Switch off turbines at low wind speeds to reduce bat fatalities -- 3.8 Automatically switch off wind turbines when bat activity is high -- 3.9 Close off nacelles in wind turbines to prevent roosting bats. , Threat: Energy production - mining -- Key messages -- Legally protect bat hibernation sites in mines from reclamation -- Provide artificial hibernacula to replace roosts lost in reclaimed mines -- Relocate bats from reclaimed mines to new hibernation sites -- 4.1 Legally protect bat hibernation sites in mines from reclamation -- 4.2 Provide artificial hibernacula to replace roosts lost in reclaimed mines -- 4.3 Relocate bats from reclaimed mines to new hibernation sites -- Threat: Transportation and service corridors -- Key messages - Roads -- Install underpasses as road crossing structures for bats -- Install overpasses as road crossing structures for bats -- Install bat gantries or bat bridges as road crossing structures for bats -- Install green bridges as road crossing structures for bats -- Install hop-overs as road crossing structures for bats -- Divert bats to safe crossing points with plantings or fencing -- Deter bats with lighting -- Replace or improve habitat for bats around roads -- 5.1 Install underpasses as road crossing structures for bats -- 5.2 Install overpasses as road crossing structures for bats -- 5.3 Install bat gantries or bat bridges as road crossing structures for bats -- 5.4 Install green bridges as road crossing structures for bats -- 5.5 Install hop-overs as road crossing structures for bats -- 5.6 Divert bats to safe crossing points with plantings or fencing -- 5.7 Deter bats with lighting -- 5.8 Replace or improve habitat for bats around roads -- Threat: Biological resource use -- Key messages - Hunting -- Introduce and enforce legislation to control hunting of bats -- Educate local communities about bats and hunting -- Threat: Biological resource use -- Introduce sustainable harvesting of bats -- Key messages - Guano harvesting -- Introduce and enforce legislation to regulate the harvesting of bat guano. , Introduce sustainable harvesting of bat guano -- Key messages - Logging and wood harvesting -- Use selective harvesting/reduced impact logging instead of clearcutting -- Use shelterwood cutting instead of clearcutting -- Thin trees within forests -- Manage woodland or forest edges for bats -- Retain deadwood/snags within forests for roosting bats -- Replant native trees -- Retain residual tree patches in logged areas -- Incorporate forested corridors or buffers into logged areas -- Hunting -- 6.1 Introduce and enforce legislation to control hunting of bats -- 6.2 Educate local communities about bats and hunting -- 6.3 Introduce sustainable harvesting of bats -- Guano harvesting -- 6.4 Introduce and enforce legislation to regulate harvesting of bat guano -- 6.5 Introduce sustainable harvesting of bat guano -- Logging and wood harvesting -- 6.6 Use selective harvesting/reduced impact logging instead of clearcutting -- 6.7 Use shelterwood cutting instead of clearcutting -- 6.8 Thin trees within forest -- 6.9 Manage forest or woodland edges for bats -- 6.10 Retain deadwood/snags within forests for roosting bats -- 6.11 Replant native trees -- 6.12 Retain residual tree patches in logged areas -- 6.13 Incorporate forested corridors or buffers into logged areas -- Threat: Human disturbance - caving and tourism -- Key messages -- Use cave gates to restrict public access -- Maintain microclimate at underground hibernation/roost sites -- Impose restrictions on cave visits -- Educate the public to reduce disturbance to hibernating bats -- Legally protect bat hibernation sites -- Provide artificial hibernacula for bats to replace disturbed sites -- 7.1 Use cave gates to restrict public access -- 7.2 Maintain microclimate at hibernation/roost sites -- 7.3 Impose restrictions on cave visits -- 7.4 Educate the public to reduce disturbance to hibernating bats. , 7.5 Legally protect bat hibernation sites -- 7.6 Provide artificial hibernacula for bats to replace disturbed sites -- Threat: Natural system modification - natural fire and fire suppression -- Key messages -- Use prescribed burning -- 8.1 Use prescribed burning -- Threat: Invasive species and disease -- Key messages - Invasive species -- Remove invasive plant species -- Control invasive predators -- Translocate to predator or disease free areas -- Key messages - White-nose syndrome -- Control anthropogenic spread -- Increase population resistance -- Cull infected bats -- Modify cave environments to increase bat survival -- Invasive species -- 9.1 Remove invasive plant species -- 9.2 Control invasive predators -- 9.3 Translocate to predator or disease free areas -- White-nose syndrome -- 9.4 Control anthropogenic spread -- 9.5 Increase population resistance -- 9.6 Cull infected bats -- 9.7 Modify cave environments to increase bat survival -- Threat: Pollution -- Key messages - Domestic and urban waste water -- Change effluent treatments -- Key messages - Agricultural and forestry effluents -- Introduce legislation to control use -- Change effluent treatments -- Key messages - Light and noise pollution -- Leave bat roosts, roost entrances and commuting routes unlit -- Minimize excess light pollution -- Restrict timing of lighting -- Use low pressure sodium lamps or use UV filters -- Impose noise limits in proximity to roosts and bat habitats -- Key messages - Timber treatments -- Use mammal safe timber treatments in roof spaces -- Restrict timing of treatment -- Domestic and urban waste water -- 10.1 Change effluent treatments -- Agricultural and forestry effluents -- 10.2 Introduce legislation to control use -- 10.3 Change effluent treatments -- Light and noise pollution -- 10.4 Leave bat roosts, roost entrances and commuting routes unlit. , 10.5 Minimize light pollution.