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  • Chemistry  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 267-269 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methylphenidate ; Behavioral stereotypy ; Gnawing ; Automated procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stereotyped behavior in rats, consisting of compulsive, repetitive sniffing and gnawing, caused by high doses of amphetamine-like psychostimulants, may serve as an animal model for psychosis. Previous methods for measuring behavioral stereotypies of this kind have required continuous observation and rating of the behaviors or semiquantitative techniques that fail to produce a continuous record of the behaviors. The present paper describes a simple automated method that provides a continuous quantitative record of the specific gnawing behavior induced in rats by methylphenidate, an amphetamine-like psychostimulant. The apparatus described and the test procedures developed are compatible with a wide variety of common counters and recorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 47 (1975), S. 61-77 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: When the ozonisation of bulk or suspension poly(vinylchloride) is carried out in tetrachloroethane solution between 0-120°C the molecular weight decreases continuously and the rate of breaking of chains deduced from the intrinsic viscosity variation is constant under isothermal conditions. Whatever the time and temperature of ozonisation may be, at every breaking, β and α chlorinated acid groups are introduced which have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, high resolution NMR spectroscopy and potentiometric titration in dimethylformamide. Besides these functions, peroxide groups have also been identified and their concentration has been determined for different times and temperatures of ozonisation.This study permits to propose two mechanisms to explain the breaking of chains. The first implies the previous dehydrochlorination of the polymer and the second the formation of unstable peroxides which by decomposition cause the breaking of chains.
    Notes: Quelle que soit la nature du polychlorure de vinyle (masse ou suspension) l'action de l'ozone en milieu homogène dans le tétrachloroéthane provoque la décroissance continue de la masse moléculaire dans le domaine de température 0-120°C et la vitesse de coupure des chaînes déduite des variations de viscosité est constante en conditions isothermes.Quels que soient le temps et la température d'ozonisation, à chaque point de coupure apparaissent des fonctions acides α et β chlorées qui ont été caractérisées par spectroscopie infra-rouge, RMN haute résolution et dosage potentiométrique en milieu diméthylformamide. Outre ces fonctions, des peroxydes ont égé également identifiés dans le polymère et on a suivi leur concentration en fonction des conditions d'ozonisation.Cette étude permet de proposer deux mécanismes pour expliquer la coupure des chaînes, l'un suppose une déhydrochloruration préalable du polymère et l'autre la formation de peroxydes instables qui en se décomposant provoqueraient la coupure des chaînes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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