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An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry. (2003)

Andrews, Julian E.

Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,

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Keywords: Environmental geochemistry. ; Electronic books.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: 1 online resource (325 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 9781444312379

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=470064

Language: English

Note: An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry, SECOND EDITION -- Contents -- Boxes -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Symbols and Abbreviations -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 What is environmental chemistry? -- 1.2 In the beginning -- 1.3 Origin and evolution of the Earth -- 1.3.1 Formation of the crust and atmosphere -- 1.3.2 The hydrosphere -- 1.3.3 The origin of life and evolution of the atmosphere -- 1.4 Human effects on biogeochemical cycles? -- 1.5 The structure of this book -- 1.6 Internet keywords -- 1.7 Further reading -- 1.8 Internet search keywords -- 2: Environmental Chemist's Toolbox -- 2.1 About this chapter -- 2.2 Order in the elements? -- 2.3 Bonding -- 2.3.1 Covalent bonds -- 2.3.2 Ionic bonding, ions and ionic solids -- 2.4 Using chemical equations -- 2.5 Describing amounts of substances: the mole -- 2.6 Concentration and activity -- 2.7 Organic molecules - structure and chemistry -- 2.7.1 Functional groups -- 2.7.2 Representing organic matter in simple equations -- 2.8 Radioactivity of elements -- 2.9 Finding more chemical tools in this book -- 2.10 Further reading -- 2.11 Internet search keywords -- 3: The Atmosphere -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Composition of the atmosphere -- 3.3 Steady state or equilibrium? -- 3.4 Natural sources -- 3.4.1 Geochemical sources -- 3.4.2 Biological sources -- 3.5 Reactivity of trace substances in the atmosphere -- 3.6 The urban atmosphere -- 3.6.1 London smog - primary pollution -- 3.6.2 Los Angeles smog - secondary pollution -- 3.6.3 21st-century particulate pollution -- 3.7 Air pollution and health -- 3.8 Effects of air pollution -- 3.9 Removal processes -- 3.10 Chemistry of the stratosphere -- 3.10.1 Stratospheric ozone formation and destruction -- 3.10.2 Ozone destruction by halogenated species -- 3.10.3 Saving the ozone layer. , 3.11 Further reading -- 3.12 Internet search keywords -- 4: The Chemistry of Continental Solids -- 4.1 The terrestrial environment, crust and material cycling -- 4.2 The structure of silicate minerals -- 4.2.1 Coordination of ions and the radius ratio rule -- 4.2.2 The construction of silicate minerals -- 4.2.3 Structural organization in silicate minerals -- 4.3 Weathering processes -- 4.4 Mechanisms of chemical weathering -- 4.4.1 Dissolution -- 4.4.2 Oxidation -- 4.4.3 Acid hydrolysis -- 4.4.4 Weathering of complex silicate minerals -- 4.5 Clay minerals -- 4.5.1 One to one clay mineral structure -- 4.5.2 Two to one clay mineral structure -- 4.6 Formation of soils -- 4.6.1 Parent (bedrock) material (p) -- 4.6.2 Climate (cl) -- 4.6.3 Relief (r) -- 4.6.4 Vegetation (v) -- 4.6.5 Influence of organisms (o) -- 4.7 Wider controls on soil and clay mineral formation -- 4.8 Ion exchange and soil pH -- 4.9 Soil structure and classification -- 4.9.1 Soils with argillic horizons -- 4.9.2 Spodosols (podzols) -- 4.9.3 Soils with gley horizons -- 4.10 Contaminated land -- 4.10.1 Organic contaminants in soils -- 4.10.2 Degradation of organic contaminants in soils -- 4.10.3 Remediation of contaminated land -- 4.10.4 Phytoremediation -- 4.11 Further reading -- 4.12 Internet search keywords -- 5: The Chemistry of Continental Waters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Element chemistry -- 5.3 Water chemistry and weathering regimes -- 5.3.1 Alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon and pH buffering -- 5.4 Aluminium solubility and acidity -- 5.4.1 Acidification from atmospheric inputs -- 5.4.2 Acid mine drainage -- 5.4.3 Recognizing acidification from sulphate data - ternary diagrams -- 5.5 Biological processes -- 5.5.1 Nutrients and eutrophication -- 5.6 Heavy metal contamination -- 5.6.1 Mercury contamination from gold mining -- 5.7 Contamination of groundwater. , 5.7.1 Anthropogenic contamination of groundwater -- 5.7.2 Natural arsenic contamination of groundwater -- 5.8 Further reading -- 5.9 Internet search keywords -- 6: The Oceans -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Estuarine processes -- 6.2.1 Aggregation of colloidal material in estuaries -- 6.2.2 Mixing processes in estuaries -- 6.2.3 Halmyrolysis and ion exchange in estuaries -- 6.2.4 Microbiological activity in estuaries -- 6.3 Major ion chemistry of seawater -- 6.4 Chemical cycling of major ions -- 6.4.1 Sea-to-air fluxes -- 6.4.2 Evaporites -- 6.4.3 Cation exchange -- 6.4.4 Calcium carbonate formation -- 6.4.5 Opaline silica -- 6.4.6 Sulphides -- 6.4.7 Hydrothermal processes -- 6.4.8 The potassium problem: balancing the seawater major ion budget -- 6.5 Minor chemical components in seawater -- 6.5.1 Dissolved gases -- 6.5.2 Dissolved ions -- 6.5.3 Conservative behaviour -- 6.5.4 Nutrient-like behaviour -- 6.5.5 Scavenged behaviour -- 6.6 The role of iron as a nutrient in the oceans -- 6.7 Ocean circulation and its effects on trace element distribution -- 6.8 Anthropogenic effects on ocean chemistry -- 6.8.1 Human effects on regional seas 1: the Baltic -- 6.8.2 Human effects on regional seas 2: the Gulf of Mexico -- 6.8.3 Human effects on total ocean minor element budgets -- 6.9 Further reading -- 6.10 Internet search keywords -- 7: Global Change -- 7.1 Why study global-scale environmental chemistry? -- 7.2 The carbon cycle -- 7.2.1 The atmospheric record -- 7.2.2 Natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks -- 7.2.3 The global budget of natural and anthropogenic carbon dioxide -- 7.2.4 The effects of elevated carbon dioxide levels on global temperature and other properties -- 7.3 The sulphur cycle -- 7.3.1 The global sulphur cycle and anthropogenic effects -- 7.3.2 The sulphur cycle and atmospheric acidity -- 7.3.3 The sulphur cycle and climate. , 7.4 Persistent organic pollutants -- 7.4.1 Persistent organic pollutant mobility in the atmosphere -- 7.4.2 Global persistent organic polllutant equilibrium -- 7.5 Further reading -- 7.6 Internet search keywords -- Index -- Color plates.

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Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles (2014)

Liss, Peter S.

Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer

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Keywords: Geography ; Earth Sciences ; Marine Sciences ; Freshwater. ; Geography ; Environmental chemistry ; Marine Sciences ; Environmental chemistry ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Meer ; Atmosphäre ; Wechselwirkung ; Treibhausgas ; Spurengas ; Aerosol ; Meer ; Atmosphäre ; Wechselwirkung ; Treibhausgas ; Spurengas ; Aerosol

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Short-lived trace gases in the surface ocean and the atmosphere -- Chapter 2: Transfer across the air-sea interface -- Chapter 3: Air-sea interactions of natural long-lived greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) in a changing climate -- Chapter 4: Ocean-Atmosphere interactions of particles -- Chapter 5: Perspectives and Integration in SOLAS science

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: Online-Ressource (LI, 315 p. 181 illus., 162 illus. in color, online resource)

ISBN: 9783642256431

Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1

URL: http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1

URL: https://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz399533893cov.jpg

URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9783642256424.pdf

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1

RVK:

UT 4800

Language: English

Note: Chapter 1: Short-lived trace gases in the surface ocean and the atmosphereChapter 2: Transfer across the air-sea interface -- Chapter 3: Air-sea interactions of natural long-lived greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) in a changing climate -- Chapter 4: Ocean-Atmosphere interactions of particles -- Chapter 5: Perspectives and Integration in SOLAS science.

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Dimethylsulphide and halocarbon concentrations taken from 10m integrated samples during the 2012 KOSMOS Finland Mesocosm experiment (2016)

Webb, Alison L ; Malin, Gill ; Hopkins, Frances E ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Webb, Alison L; Leedham-Elvidge, Emma; Hughes, Claire; Hopkins, Frances E; Malin, Gill; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Schulz, Kai Georg; Crawfurd, Katharine J; Brussaard, Corina P D; Stuhr, Annegret; Riebesell, Ulf; Liss, Peter S (2016): Effect of ocean acidification and elevated fCO2 on trace gas production by a Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton community. Biogeosciences, 13(15), 4595-4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4595-2016

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Publication Date: 2024-03-06

Description: The Baltic Sea is a unique environment as the largest body of brackish water in the world. Acidification of the surface oceans due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an additional stressor facing the pelagic community of the already challenging Baltic Sea. To investigate its impact on trace gas biogeochemistry, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was performed off Tvärminne Research Station, Finland in summer 2012. During the second half of the experiment, dimethylsulphide (DMS) concentrations in the highest fCO2 mesocosms (1075-1333 µatm) were 34 % lower than at ambient CO2 (350 µatm). However the net production (as measured by concentration change) of seven halocarbons analysed was not significantly affected by even the highest CO2 levels after 5 weeks exposure. Methyl iodide (CH3I) and diiodomethane (CH2I2) showed 15 % and 57 % increases in mean mesocosm concentration (3.8 ± 0.6 pmol L-1 increasing to 4.3 ± 0.4 pmol L-1 and 87.4 ± 14.9 pmol L-1 increasing to 134.4 ± 24.1 pmol L-1 respectively) during Phase II of the experiment, which were unrelated to CO2 and corresponded to 30 % lower Chl-? concentrations compared to Phase I. No other iodocarbons increased or showed a peak, with mean chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) concentrations measured at 5.3 (± 0.9) pmol L-1 and iodoethane (C2H5I) at 0.5 (± 0.1) pmol L-1. Of the concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3; mean 88.1 ± 13.2 pmol L-1), dibromomethane (CH2Br2; mean 5.3 ± 0.8 pmol L-1) and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl, mean 3.0 ± 0.5 pmol L-1), only CH2Br2 showed a decrease of 17 % between Phases I and II, with CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl showing similar mean concentrations in both Phases. Outside the mesocosms, an upwelling event was responsible for bringing colder, high CO2, low pH water to the surface starting on day t16 of the experiment; this variable CO2 system with frequent upwelling events implies the community of the Baltic Sea is acclimated to regular significant declines in pH caused by up to 800 µatm fCO2. After this upwelling, DMS concentrations declined, but halocarbon concentrations remained similar or increased compared to measurements prior to the change in conditions. Based on our findings, with future acidification of Baltic Sea waters, biogenic halocarbon emissions are likely to remain at similar values to today, however emissions of biogenic sulphur could significantly decrease from this region.

Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Chloroiodomethane; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Iodoethane; Iodomethane; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Treatment; Tribromomethane

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1911 data points

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