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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     Hyphomicrobium ; Dimethylsulphoxide reductase ; Periplasmic enzymes ; Chemolithoheterotrophic growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      Hyphomicrobium EG can grow with dimethylsulphoxide as sole carbon and energy source with oxygen as electron acceptor. In the present work we have found that the dimethylsulphoxide reductase of this bacterium could be assayed with dithionite-reduced methylviologen as reductant but not with NADH. Sub-cellular fractionation of Hyphomicrobium EG showed that the dimethylsulphoxide reductase was a periplasmic enzyme. An antibody to the dimethylsulphoxide reductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus cross-reacted with a polypeptide in the periplasmic fraction from Hyphomicrobium EG which had the same M r as the dimethylsulphoxide reductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is suggested that the reduction of dimethylsulphoxide in Hyphomicrobium involves respiratory electron transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hyphomicrobium ; Dimethylsulphoxide reductase ; Periplasmic enzymes ; Chemolithoheterotrophic growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hyphomicrobium EG can grow with dimethylsulphoxide as sole carbon and energy source with oxygen as electron acceptor. In the present work we have found that the dimethylsulphoxide reductase of this bacterium could be assayed with dithionite-reduced methylviologen as reductant but not with NADH. Sub-cellular fractionation of Hyphomicrobium EG showed that the dimethylsulphoxide reductase was a periplasmic enzyme. An antibody to the dimethylsulphoxide reductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus cross-reacted with a polypeptide in the periplasmic fraction from Hyphomicrobium EG which had the same M r as the dimethylsulphoxide reductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is suggested that the reduction of dimethylsulphoxide in Hyphomicrobium involves respiratory electron transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ethene (ethylene; H2C = CH2) is one of a range of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) that affect atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Ethene acts as a hormone in higher plants and its role in plant biochemistry, physiology and ecology has been the subject of extensive research. Ethene is also found in seawater, but despite evidence that marine microalgae and seaweeds can produce ethene directly, its production is generally attributed to photochemical breakdown of dissolved organic matter. Here we confirmed ethene production in cultured samples of the macroalga Ulva (Enteromorpha) intestinalis. Ethene levels increased substantially when samples acclimatized to low light conditions were transferred to high light, and ethene addition reduced chlorophyll levels by 30%. A range of potential inhibitors and inducers of ethene biosynthesis were tested. Evidence was found for ethene synthesis via the 1-aminocylopropane-1-acrylic acid (ACC) pathway and ACC oxidase activity was confirmed for cell-free extracts. Addition of acrylate, a potential ethene precursor in algae that contain the compatible solute dimethylsulphoniopropionate, doubled the ethene produced but no acrylate decarboxylase activity was found. Nonetheless the data support active production of ethene and we suggest ethene may play a multifaceted role in algae as it does in higher plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Webb, Alison L; Malin, Gill; Hopkins, Frances E; Ho, Kai Lam; Riebesell, Ulf; Schulz, Kai Georg; Larsen, Aud; Liss, Peter S (2016): Ocean acidification has different effects on the production of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate measured in cultures of Emiliania huxleyi and a mesocosm study: a comparison of laboratory monocultures and community interactions. Environmental Chemistry, 13(2), 314, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14268
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The human-induced rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the industrial revolution has led to increasing oceanic carbon uptake and changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, resulting in lowering of surface water pH. In this study we investigated the effect of increasing CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) on concentrations of volatile biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), through monoculture studies and community pCO2 perturbation. DMS is a climatically important gas produced by many marine algae: it transfers sulfur into the atmosphere and is a major influence on biogeochemical climate regulation through breakdown to sulfate and formation of subsequent cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Overall, production of DMS and DMSP by the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain RCC1229 was unaffected by growth at 900 µatm pCO2, but DMSP production normalised to cell volume was 12 % lower at the higher pCO2 treatment. These cultures were compared with community DMS and DMSP production during an elevated pCO2 mesocosm experiment with the aim of studying E. huxleyi in the natural environment. Results contrasted with the culture experiments and showed reductions in community DMS and DMSP concentrations of up to 60 and 32 % respectively at pCO2 up to 3000 µatm, with changes attributed to poorer growth of DMSP-producing nanophytoplankton species, including E. huxleyi, and potentially increased microbial consumption of DMS and dissolved DMSP at higher pCO2. DMS and DMSP production differences between culture and community likely arise from pH affecting the inter-species responses between microbial producers and consumers.
    Keywords: Chloroiodomethane; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, particulate; Iodoethane; Iodomethane; KOSMOS_2011_Bergen; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Raunefjord; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Treatment; Tribromomethane
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2590 data points
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Webb, Alison L; Leedham-Elvidge, Emma; Hughes, Claire; Hopkins, Frances E; Malin, Gill; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Schulz, Kai Georg; Crawfurd, Katharine J; Brussaard, Corina P D; Stuhr, Annegret; Riebesell, Ulf; Liss, Peter S (2016): Effect of ocean acidification and elevated fCO2 on trace gas production by a Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton community. Biogeosciences, 13(15), 4595-4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4595-2016
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: The Baltic Sea is a unique environment as the largest body of brackish water in the world. Acidification of the surface oceans due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an additional stressor facing the pelagic community of the already challenging Baltic Sea. To investigate its impact on trace gas biogeochemistry, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was performed off Tvärminne Research Station, Finland in summer 2012. During the second half of the experiment, dimethylsulphide (DMS) concentrations in the highest fCO2 mesocosms (1075-1333 µatm) were 34 % lower than at ambient CO2 (350 µatm). However the net production (as measured by concentration change) of seven halocarbons analysed was not significantly affected by even the highest CO2 levels after 5 weeks exposure. Methyl iodide (CH3I) and diiodomethane (CH2I2) showed 15 % and 57 % increases in mean mesocosm concentration (3.8 ± 0.6 pmol L-1 increasing to 4.3 ± 0.4 pmol L-1 and 87.4 ± 14.9 pmol L-1 increasing to 134.4 ± 24.1 pmol L-1 respectively) during Phase II of the experiment, which were unrelated to CO2 and corresponded to 30 % lower Chl-? concentrations compared to Phase I. No other iodocarbons increased or showed a peak, with mean chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) concentrations measured at 5.3 (± 0.9) pmol L-1 and iodoethane (C2H5I) at 0.5 (± 0.1) pmol L-1. Of the concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3; mean 88.1 ± 13.2 pmol L-1), dibromomethane (CH2Br2; mean 5.3 ± 0.8 pmol L-1) and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl, mean 3.0 ± 0.5 pmol L-1), only CH2Br2 showed a decrease of 17 % between Phases I and II, with CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl showing similar mean concentrations in both Phases. Outside the mesocosms, an upwelling event was responsible for bringing colder, high CO2, low pH water to the surface starting on day t16 of the experiment; this variable CO2 system with frequent upwelling events implies the community of the Baltic Sea is acclimated to regular significant declines in pH caused by up to 800 µatm fCO2. After this upwelling, DMS concentrations declined, but halocarbon concentrations remained similar or increased compared to measurements prior to the change in conditions. Based on our findings, with future acidification of Baltic Sea waters, biogenic halocarbon emissions are likely to remain at similar values to today, however emissions of biogenic sulphur could significantly decrease from this region.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Chloroiodomethane; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Iodoethane; Iodomethane; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Treatment; Tribromomethane
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1911 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Baltic Sea; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chloroiodomethane; Coast and continental shelf; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Dissolved silica, colorimetric (Mullin & Riley, 1955); Entire community; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Iodoethane; Iodomethane; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesocosm or benthocosm; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Phosphorus, inorganic, dissolved; Salinity; Silicate; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment; Tribromomethane; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4098 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The Baltic Sea is a unique environment as the largest body of brackish water in the world. Acidification of the surface oceans due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an additional stressor facing the pelagic community of the already challenging Baltic Sea. To investigate its impact on trace gas biogeochemistry, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was performed off Tvärminne Research Station, Finland, in summer 2012. During the second half of the experiment, dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations in the highest-fCO2 mesocosms (1075–1333 µatm) were 34 % lower than at ambient CO2 (350 µatm). However, the net production (as measured by concentration change) of seven halocarbons analysed was not significantly affected by even the highest CO2 levels after 5 weeks' exposure. Methyl iodide (CH3I) and diiodomethane (CH2I2) showed 15 and 57 % increases in mean mesocosm concentration (3.8 ± 0.6 increasing to 4.3 ± 0.4 pmol L−1 and 87.4 ± 14.9 increasing to 134.4 ± 24.1 pmol L−1 respectively) during Phase II of the experiment, which were unrelated to CO2 and corresponded to 30 % lower Chl a concentrations compared to Phase I. No other iodocarbons increased or showed a peak, with mean chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) concentrations measured at 5.3 (±0.9) pmol L−1 and iodoethane (C2H5I) at 0.5 (±0.1) pmol L−1. Of the concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3; mean 88.1 ± 13.2 pmol L−1), dibromomethane (CH2Br2; mean 5.3 ± 0.8 pmol L−1), and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl, mean 3.0 ± 0.5 pmol L−1), only CH2Br2 showed a decrease of 17 % between Phases I and II, with CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl showing similar mean concentrations in both phases. Outside the mesocosms, an upwelling event was responsible for bringing colder, high-CO2, low-pH water to the surface starting on day t16 of the experiment; this variable CO2 system with frequent upwelling events implies that the community of the Baltic Sea is acclimated to regular significant declines in pH caused by up to 800 µatm fCO2. After this upwelling, DMS concentrations declined, but halocarbon concentrations remained similar or increased compared to measurements prior to the change in conditions. Based on our findings, with future acidification of Baltic Sea waters, biogenic halocarbon emissions are likely to remain at similar values to today; however, emissions of biogenic sulfur could significantly decrease in this region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Environmental context. Approximately 25 % of CO2 released to the atmosphere by human activities has been absorbed by the oceans, resulting in ocean acidification. We investigate the acidification effects on marine phytoplankton and subsequent production of the trace gas dimethylsulfide, a major route for sulfur transfer from the oceans to the atmosphere. Increasing surface water CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) affects the growth of phytoplankton groups to different degrees, resulting in varying responses in community production of dimethylsulfide. Abstract. The human-induced rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the industrial revolution has led to increasing oceanic carbon uptake and changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, resulting in lowering of surface water pH. In this study we investigated the effect of increasing CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) on concentrations of volatile biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), through monoculture studies and community pCO2 perturbation. DMS is a climatically important gas produced by many marine algae: it transfers sulfur into the atmosphere and is a major influence on biogeochemical climate regulation through breakdown to sulfate and formation of subsequent cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Overall, production of DMS and DMSP by the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain RCC1229 was unaffected by growth at 900 μatm pCO2, but DMSP production normalised to cell volume was 12 % lower at the higher pCO2 treatment. These cultures were compared with community DMS and DMSP production during an elevated pCO2 mesocosm experiment with the aim of studying E. huxleyi in the natural environment. Results contrasted with the culture experiments and showed reductions in community DMS and DMSP concentrations of up to 60 and 32 % respectively at pCO2 up to 3000 μatm, with changes attributed to poorer growth of DMSP-producing nanophytoplankton species, including E. huxleyi, and potentially increased microbial consumption of DMS and dissolved DMSP at higher pCO2. DMS and DMSP production differences between culture and community likely arise from pH affecting the inter-species responses between microbial producers and consumers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The marine iodine cycle has significant impacts on air quality and atmospheric chemistry. Specifically, the reaction of iodide with ozone in the top few micrometres of the surface ocean is an important sink for tropospheric ozone (a pollutant gas) and the dominant source of reactive iodine to the atmosphere. Sea surface iodide parameterisations are now being implemented in air quality models, but these are currently a major source of uncertainty. Relatively little observational data is available to estimate the global surface iodide concentrations, and this data has not hitherto been openly available in a collated, digital form. Here we present all available sea surface (〈20 m depth) iodide observations. The dataset includes values digitised from published manuscripts, published and unpublished data supplied directly by the originators, and data obtained from repositories. It contains 1342 data points, and spans latitudes from 70°S to 68°N, representing all major basins. The data may be used to model sea surface iodide concentrations or as a reference for future observations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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