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  • Apomorphine  (4)
  • Forschungsbericht  (4)
  • Attempted suicide  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dortmund : Techn. Univ.
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 S., 434 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: [Ergebnisberichte angewandte Mathematik] [501]
    DDC: 510
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Solarzelle ; Silicium ; Polykristall ; Gitterbaufehler
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 S., 9,25 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 0329 745G. - Verbund-Nr. 01019608. - Literaturverz , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorh , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 3
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p. = 6,75 MB) , ill., graphs
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Language: German
    Note: Contract BMBF 13N7503 6. - Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible. - nBibliography p. 20 , Also available as printed version , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 4
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 S., 1,07 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03SF0336 E. - Verbund-Nr. 01066114 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden. - Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorhanden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 335 (1987), S. 673-679 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Conditioning ; Dopamine receptors ; Stereotyped behaviour ; Akinesia ptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interactions between the direct (unconditioned) behavioural effects apomorphine and its conditioned effects after pairing with previously neutral stimuli were studied. Rats were injected once daily for 3–12 times, with apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg or 0.07 mg/kg s.c. the dose kept constant in each series), in the presence of defined environmental stimuli (a wire cage in association with an acoustic and an olfactory stimulus) as conditional stimuli. The two larger doses produced stereotyped sniffing, licking, and gnawing, the smallest dose akinesia, ptosis, yawning and penile erections. During the conditioning phase, the drug produced most of the effects with increasing intensity and in the case of the stereotypies, there also was a shift to higher scores of stereotypy, with a reduced latency in onset of the signs. On the test day, 1 day after the last administration of apomorphine, the conditioned rats as well as “pseudoconditioned” controls were treated with a test dose of apomorphine in the presence of the conditional stimuli. Pseudoconditioned rats had been treated with the same pharmacological schedule of apomorphine and had the same familiarity with the stimuli, but both were kept separate. A test dose of 0.5 mg/kg of apomorphine produced stereotypies with a significantly higher score and shorter latency in onset in conditioned than in pseudoconditioned rats. Rats conditioned with the lowest dose showed a significantly longer total duration and a shorter latency in onset of akinesia and ptosis. In rats conditioned with the largest dose (2.0 mg/kg), administration of the lowest dose on the test day produced no stereotypies; neither the akinesia nor the ptosis were different between conditioned and pseudoconditioned rats, but yawning occurred with a higher frequency and a shorter latency in pseudoconditioned rats. When rats were conditioned with the lowest dose and tested with 0.5 mg/kg, the level of stereotypies was identical in both groups of rats, whereas akinesia and ptosis were not observed. Yawning and penile erections occurred more frequently, but for short periods only, in conditioned rats. The results showed that apomorphine-induced stereotypies, akinesia and ptosis could be conditioned, and the conditioned effects mimicked the unconditioned responses, which depended on the dose. Conditioned and unconditioned signs of an increased dopaminergic neurotransmission, observed after large doses of apomorphine, thus acted in a synergistic way; the same applied to conditioned and unconditioned signs observed after a small dose and were perhaps due to a decreased dopaminergic transmission. In contrast, when conditioned and unconditioned signs acted in a mutually antagonistic way (increased vs. decreased dopaminergic transmission), the unconditioned signs predominated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Conditioned dopaminergic activity ; Stereotyped behaviour ; Dopamine autoreceptors ; Dopamine metabolism ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated whether pharmacological effects of the dopamine agonist apomorphine can be conditioned by establishing an association of apomorphine administration with exteroceptive cues. Apomorphine was repeatedly administered and subsequently, the rat was put into a test cage and exposed to an acoustic and an olfactory stimulus (“conditioned rats”). Control animals (“pseudoconditioned” rats) were treated with the same pharmacological schedule of apomorphine not temporally associated with the stimuli. On the test day, both groups were injected with saline and exposed to the stimuli described. The stereotyped behaviour produced by large doses of apomorphine (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg SC), namely sniffing, licking and gnawing, could be conditioned in a pronounced way. During the conditioning period, a change in the stereotypies was observed with regard to the time-course (earlier occurrence) and to the character of the stereotypies (from sniffing to licking and gnawing), when 0.5 mg/kg apomorphine was used, but not with the dose of 2.0 mg/kg. The conditioned responses showed a relatively uniform distribution during the observation period with some increase towards the end of the observation period. Some signs produced by a low dose of apomorphine (0.07 mg/kg SC), namely hypomotility and ptosis, but not yawning, could also be conditioned, although in a less pronounced way. An intermediate dose of apomorphine (0.18 mg/kg SC) produced both signs observed after large doses and those observed after a small dose, occurring alternatingly. Both types of signs could be conditioned using this dosage. Conditioning did not alter striatal or mesolimbic dopamine turnover. These results suggest that only behavioural signs due to an activation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also some symptoms produced by an activation of dopamine autoreceptors can be conditioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Stereotypy ; Environmental influence ; Automatic recording ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The topography of stereotyped behaviour produced by apomorphine in rats was studied by using either a scoring system, based on observation in a wire cage, or by quantification of horizontal and vertical activities, and of the total distances run in an open field, using an automatic recording system. The latter design was combined with a classification of the type of stereotyped behaviour observed during recording. In addition, the reproducibility of the nature of the stereotyped behaviour and its dose-dependence in individual animals was evaluated. In rats observed in a wire cage, apomorphine at lower doses (0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg SC) produced stereotyped sniffing. Increasing the doses led to stereotyped licking and the largest dose (5.00 mg/kg SC) produced predominantly stereotyped gnawing, as was demonstrated graphically. The type of behaviour produced by 2 mg/kg apomorphine in the open field was reproduced well in individuals after a second administration 4 days later. The shift from sniffing to gnawing was observed in most, but not all of the individually classified animals after administration of the largest dose (5 mg/kg). The locomotor part of motility was highest in “sniffing animals” and lower when gnawing occurred. The non-locomotor part of motility was low in “sniffing rats” and increased when licking and gnawing occurred. In some of the animals a characteristic “climbing” behaviour was observed in addition after the larger doses, which did not interfere with sniffing, licking or gnawing. A combination of classification by observation and automatic recording seems the most appropriate way to study the topography of stereotyped behaviour produced by apomorphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 232 (1982), S. 427-438 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Attempted suicide ; Singular and repeated acts ; Comparative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Hinblick auf soziodemographische, biographische und psychopathologische Variablen wurden 169 Patienten nach erstmaligem und 109 Patienten nach wiederholtem Suizidversuch miteinander verglichen. Die erheblichen, zum Teil statistisch hochsignifikanten Unterschiede kennzeichnen die Patienten mit mehrfachen Selbstmordversuchen als einen Personenkreis mit häufigeren Verlust- oder Trennungserlebnissen in Kindheit und Jugend sowie mit konfliktreicheren und instabileren sozialen Beziehungen im privaten wie im beruflichen Bereich. Diese Patienten kamen häufiger als die Vergleichsgruppe in psychiatrische und psychotherapeutische Behandlung, wurden häufiger als persönlichkeitsgestört oder suchtkrank diagnostiziert und prognostisch ungünstiger beurteilt. Die Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse mit der vorliegenden Literatur, Fragen der typologischen Interpretation und versorgungspraktische Konsequenzen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary After their first suicide attempts 169 patients were compared to 109 repeated suicide attempters regarding sociodemographical, biographical, and psychopathological variables. The differences between the groups characterize the repeaters as persons with more broken-home situations in childhood and youth and with more tension and instability in private and occupational relationships. These patients received more psychiatric or psychotherapeutic treatment, were more often classified as suffering from a personality disorder or addiction and their prognosis was estimated less favourable. These findings are consistent with the results of other investigations. Questions of typological interpretation and practical consequences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Suicide ; Attempted suicide ; Suicidal act ; Parasuicidal act ; Suicide prevention services ; Suicid ; Suicidversuch ; Suicidale Handlung ; Parasuicidale Handlung ; Selbstmordverhütungsinstitutionen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 150 Patienten mit Tablettenselbstmordversuch warden soziale und psychiatrische Daten analysiert. Die sozialen Daten werden in Beziehung gesetzt zu einer Vergleichsgruppe von Suicidenten. Bei den psychiatrischen Daten werden insbesondere Informationen über das Selbstmordverhalten herausgearbeitet. Der letzte Teil der Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Bekanntheit und der Inanspruchnahme von Selbstmordverhütungsinstitutionen.
    Notes: Summary Social and psychiatric data on patients who attempted suicide are analysed and compared with social data on a control group of persons who succeeded in committing suicide. Among the psychiatric data, information about presuicidal and suicidal behavior is elaborated. The last part of the analysis describes how many people know about and use suicide prevention services.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 334 (1986), S. 452-457 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Morphine ; Lisuride ; Stereotyped behaviour ; Dopamine metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interactions of morphine with the agonist at dopamine receptors apomorphine were studied on the behavioural and biochemical level. Apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) produced stereotyped sniffing and some licking behaviour. Pretreatment with morphine enhanced licking behaviour and, in addition, produced some gnawing behaviour, a sign which is seen after a larger dose of apomorphine alone as well. This enhancement by morphine was maximal after 3.3 mg/kg i.p. and less pronounced after smaller or larger doses of morphine; naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized the enhancement. Morphine did not affect the decrease in the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) produced by apomorphine in striatum and nucleus accumbens. In contrast, morphine increased the concentration of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in both areas after pretreatment with pargyline (75 mg/kg i.p.), suggesting that it increased the release of dopamine, which might explain the enhancement of apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviour. The enhancement by morphine of stereotyped behaviour produced by lisuride (2 or 4 mg/kg i.p.), another agonist at dopamine receptors, was much less pronounced than on apomorphine-induced stereotypies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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