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  • Fatty acids  (2)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase  (1)
  • Alkylbenzenes  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 286-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Filamentous anaerobes ; Gliding motility ; Cell wall structure ; Anaerobic acetate oxidation ; Fatty acids ; Anaerobic benzoate oxidation ; Sulfate reduction ; Desulfoviridin ; Cytochromes ; Genus Desulfonema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gliding motility, ultrastructure and nutrition of two newly isolated filamentous sulfate-reducing bacteria, strains 5ac10 and 4be13, were investigated. The filaments were always attached to surfaces. Growth was supported by addition of insoluble aluminium phosphate or agar as substrata for gliding movement. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections revealed cell walls characteristic of Gramnegative bacteria; the undulated structure of the outer membrane may pertain to the translocation mechanism. Intracytoplasmic membranes were present. Acetate, higher fatty acids, succinate or fumarate served as electron donors and carbon sources. Strain 5ac10 grew also with lactate, but not with benzoate that was used only by strain 4be13. Strain 5ac10 was able to grow slowly on H2 plus CO2 or formate in the presence of sulfate without additional organic carbon source. The capacity of complete oxidation was shown by stoichiometric measurements with acetate plus sulfate. Both strains contained b- and c-type cytochromes. Desulfoviridin was detected only in strain 5ac10. The two filamentous gliding sulfate reducers are described as new species of a new genus, Desulfonema limicola and Desulfonema magnum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407804
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic degradation of ethylbenzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons by new denitrifying bacteria (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 96-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic degradation ; Aromatic hydrocarbons ; Alkylbenzenes ; Ethylbenzene ; Crude oil ; Denitrifying bacteria ; Phylogeny ; Thauera selenatis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic degradation of alkylbenzenes with side chains longer than that of toluene was studied in freshwater mud samples in the presence of nitrate. Two new denitrifying strains, EbN1 and PbN1, were isolated on ethylbenzene and n-propylbenzene, respectively. For comparison, two further denitrifying strains, ToN1 and mXyN1, were isolated from the same mud with toluene and m-xylene, respectively. Sequencing of 16SrDNA revealed a close relationship of the new isolates to Thauera selenatis. The strains exhibited different specific capacities for degradation of alkylbenzenes. In addition to ethylbenzene, strain EbN1 utilized toluence, but not propylbenzene. In contrast, propylbenzene-degrading strain PbN1 did not grow on toluene, but was able to utilize ethylbenzene. Strain ToN1 used toluene as the only hydrocarbon substrate, whereas strain mXyN1 utilized both toluene and m-xylene. Measurement of the degradation balance demonstrated complete oxidation of ethylbenzene to CO2 by strain EbN1. Further characteristic substrates of strains EbN1 and PbN1 were 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone. In contrast to the other isolates, strain mXyN1 did not grow on benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol (also m-methylbenzyl alcohol) was even a specific inhibitor of toluene and m-xylene utilization by strain mXyN1. None of the strains was able to grow on any of the alkylbenzenes with oxygen as electron acceptor. However, polar aromatic compounds such as benzoate were utilized under both oxic and anoxic conditions. All four isolates grew anaerobically on crude oil. Gas chromatographic analysis of crude oil after growth of strain ToN1 revealed specific depletion of toluene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381782
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth with hydrogen, and further physiological characteristics of Desulfotomaculum species (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfotomaculum ; Sulfate reduction ; Autotrophic growth ; Carbon dioxide reduction to acetate ; Hydrogen ; Carbon monoxide ; Methanol ; Fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Desulfotomaculum orientis, D. ruminis, D. nigrificans and the Desulfotomaculum strains TEP, TWC and TWP, that were newly isolated with sulfate and fatty acids, was studied using defined mineral media. Four of these strains grew with hydrogen plus sulfate as the only energy source. Under these conditions the growth yield of D. orientis in batch culture was 7.5 g cell dry mass per mol sulfate reduced. Growth on methanol with growth yields of about 6 g cell dry mass per mol sulfate was obtained with D. orientis and strain TEP. All strains tested grew slowly with formate as electron donor. Fatty acids from propionate to palmitate were utilized by the strains TEP, TWC and TWP. D. orientis and the strains TEP and TWC were able to utilize the methoxyl groups of trimethoxybenzoate for growth. D. orientis was found to grow chemoautotrophically with hydrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfate; during growth with C1-compounds no additional organic carbon source was required. Furthermore, D. orientis was able to grow slowly in sulfate-free medium with formate, methanol, ethanol lactate, pyruvate or trimethoxybenzoate. Under these conditions acetate was excreted, indicating the function of carbon dioxide as electron acceptor in a homoacetogenic process. A growth-promoting effect of pyrophosphate added to the medium of Desulfotomaculum species was not observed. The results show a high catabolic and anabolic versatility among Desulfotomaculum species, and indicate that electron transport to sulfate can be the sole energy conserving process in this genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411048
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of ethanol by methanogenic bacteria (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenic bacteria ; Alcohols ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Ethanol ; Acetaldehyde ; Acetate ; NADP ; Factor F420 ; Methanogenium organophilum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenium organophilum, a non-autotrophic methanogen able to use primary and secondary alcohols as hydrogen donors, was grown on ethanol. Per mol of methane formed, 2 mol of ethanol were oxidized to acetate. In crude extract, an NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) with a pH optimum of about 10.0 catalyzed a rapid (5 μmol/min·mg protein; 22°C) oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde; after prolonged incubation also acetate was detectable. With NAD+ only 2% of the activity was observed. F420 was not reduced. The crude extract also contained F420: NADP+ oxidoreductase (0.45 μmol/min·mg protein) that was not active at the pH optimum of ADH. With added acetaldehyde no net reduction of various electron acceptors was measured. However, the acetaldehyde was dismutated to ethanol and acetate by the crude extract. The dismutation was stimulated by NADP+. These findings suggested that not only the dehydrogenation of alcohol but also of aldehyde to acid was coupled to NADP+ reduction. If the reaction was started with acetaldehyde, formed NADPH probably reduced excess aldehyde immediately to ethanol and in this way gave rise to the observed dismutation. Acetate thiokinase activity (0.11 μmol/min·mg) but no acetate kinase or phosphotransacetylase activity was observed. It is concluded that during growth on ethanol further oxidation of acetaldehyde does not occur via acetylCoA and acetyl phosphate and hence is not associated with substrate level phosphorylation. The possibility exists that oxidation of both ethanol and acetaldehyde is catalyzed by ADH. Isolation of a Methanobacterium-like strain with ethanol showed that the ability to use primary alcohols also occurs in genera other than Methanogenium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446933
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