Keywords:
Air--Pollution.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Examining sources of particles in the atmosphere and their impact on human health, this is an important reference for policymakers and academics working in pollution.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (406 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781782626589
Series Statement:
Issn Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=4714063
DDC:
551.5113
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- List of Contributors -- Emissions of Primary Particulate Matter -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Source Categories -- 2.1 Residential Combustion -- 2.2 Road Transport -- 2.3 Energy and Manufacturing Industries -- 2.4 Maritime Traffic -- 2.5 Agricultural Activities -- 2.6 Natural Sources -- 3 Particle Size Distribution -- 4 Speciation -- 4.1 PM Speciation Source Profiles -- 5 European PM Emission Inventories -- 6 Long-term Trends in Europe -- 7 Regulations and Mitigation Measures -- 7.1 Eco-design Directive -- 7.2 Diesel Vehicle Emission Standards and Abatement Technologies -- 7.3 Urban Access Regulations -- 7.4 MARPOL Convention -- References -- Where Did This Particle Come From? Sources of Particle Number and Mass for Human Exposure Estimates -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Particle Mass Concentrations -- 4 Particle Number Concentrations -- 4.1 New-particle Formation -- 4.2 Primary Particle Number Emissions -- 4.3 Primary Emissions vs. New-particle Formation -- 4.4 Issues of Scale -- 5 Implications for Human Exposure -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Source Apportionment: Principles and Methods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Diurnal, Spatial, and Chemical Patterns Indicate PM Origins -- 3 Solutions to the CMB Equations -- 4 CMB Model Assumptions and Effects of Deviations -- 5 More Information from Existing Samples -- 6 How to Judge a Source Apportionment Study -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Case Studies of Source Apportionment from North America -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historic Development -- 3 Applications -- 3.1 Chemical Mass Balance -- 3.2 Unmix -- 3.3 Positive Matrix Factorization -- 4 Advanced Model Applications -- 4.1 Constrained Models -- 4.2 Multiple Sample Type Data -- 4.3 Time Synchronization Model -- 4.4 Spatially Distributed Data -- 4.5 Mixed Way Data -- 4.6 Size-Composition-Time Data.
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5 Summary -- References -- Case Studies of Source Apportionment and Suggested Measures at Southern European Cities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 PM Sampling and Measurements -- 2.2 Sample Treatment and Analysis -- 2.3 Source Apportionment -- 3 Results -- 3.1 PM Levels and Seasonality -- 3.2 PM Chemical Characterization -- 3.3 PM Mass Closure -- 3.4 PM Source Apportionment -- 4 Comparison Among Case Study Cities -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- PM10 Source Apportionment in Five North Western European Cities-Outcome of the Joaquin Project -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Site Description and Chemical Characterisation of PM10 -- 2.1 Sites -- 2.2 PM10 Sampling and Gravimetric Analysis -- 2.3 Chemical Analysis -- 3 Source Apportionment Using Positive Matrix Factorization -- 3.1 Data Preparation and Uncertainty Matrix -- 3.2 Positive Matrix Factorization -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 PM10 Mass Concentrations -- 4.2 Identification and Temporal Variation of the Calculated Factors -- 4.3 Spatial Variation of the Source Profiles -- 4.4 Wind-directional and Trajectory Analysis of the Source Profiles -- 4.5 Source Profiles on Days Exceeding the Daily Limit Value -- 4.6 Estimated Uncertainty of the PMF Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- PM2.5 Source Apportionment in China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Time Trends -- 2.1 Visibility Trends -- 2.2 Emission Trends -- 2.3 Meteorology Trends -- 3 Sources of PM2.5 in China -- 3.1 Methods for Source Apportionment -- 3.2 Source Apportionment Results in China -- 3.3 PM2.5 Source Apportionment in Beijing, China -- 4 Future Research -- 4.1 Health Effects -- 4.2 Online Source Apportionment -- 4.3 Integration of Different Source Apportionment Methods -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Case Studies of Source Apportionment from the Indian Sub-continent -- 1 Introduction.
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2 Source Signatures from Indian Sub-continent -- 3 Case Studies from the Indian Sub-continent -- 3.1 India -- 3.2 Pakistan -- 3.3 Bangladesh -- 3.4 Nepal -- 3.5 Sri Lanka -- 3.6 Bhutan -- 3.7 The Maldives -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Health Effects of Airborne Particles in Relation to Composition, Size and Source -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Evidence on Differential Toxicity -- 2.1 Black Carbon and Organic Carbon -- 2.2 Metals -- 2.3 Inorganic Secondary Aerosols -- 2.4 Size -- 2.5 Source -- 3 Overall Conclusions on Differential Toxicity -- 4 Global Variation in the Composition and Toxicity of Particulate Matter -- 4.1 North America -- 4.2 Europe -- 4.3 Western Pacific and Southeast Asia -- 5 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Subject Index.
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