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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 5,10,15,20-tetra-(m-hydroxyphenyl) chlorin in tissues by high performance liquid chromatography (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 7 (1993), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A procedure for the extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of the photodynamic therapeutic agent 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin in human, rat and mouse tissues following intravenous administration of the drug is described. The tissue (tumour, skin, muscle and liver) was homogenized and extracted into a mixture of methanol:dimethyl sulphoxide:water (32:8:1 by vol.) containing, 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin as the internal standard. The precipitated proteins were removed by centrifugation and the supernatant was separated by reversed phase HPLC on a Hypersil-ODS column with 77% (v/v) acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile phase. The solute was detected with high sensitivity and specificity by a UV-VIS detector set at 423 nm.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130070311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(N-p-pyridyl-2,3-dimethylenepyrrolidine) as a supernucleophilic reagent (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1391-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070531014
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 5,10,15,20- tetra- (m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 7 (1993), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the photodynamic chemotherapeutic agent 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC) in human plasma following intravenous infusion is described. The procedure involves extraction of the drug in plasma with methanol/dimethyl sulphoxide (4:1 v/v) containing 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl)clorin as the internal standard and separation on a C18 reversed phase column with acetonitrile:0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (77:23 v/v) as the mobile phase. The drug was detected specifically and sensitively at its absorption maximum of 423 nm with a detection limit of 15 ng/mL (signal-to-noise ratio of 5). The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) on analysis of a plasma spiked with m-THPC (1 μg/mL) were 2.3 and 3.4% (n=6), respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130070112
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of negative photosensitive polysiloxaneimide (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1111-1116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A photosensitive polysiloxaneimide precursor was synthesized from oxydianiline, bis(p-aminophenoxy)dimethylsilane, and a diacid chloride. This diacid chloride was prepared by the reaction of thionyl chloride with a diacid, which resulted from the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with hydroxyethylacrylate in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The adhesion properties between polyimide and substrates such as SiO2 wafer were improved with introduction of siloxane moiety into the polyimide chain. The dielectric constant decreased with increasing siloxane moiety content. The photocrosslinking reaction results show that an 88-90% gel fraction was reached under the irradiation of a high-pressure mercury lamp. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550714
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  • 5
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    Improving the responses of the Australian community land surface model (CABLE) to seasonal drought (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-12
    Description: Correct representations of root functioning, such as root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution, are critically important for modeling the responses of vegetation to droughts and seasonal changes in soil moisture content. However, these processes are poorly represented in global land surface models. In this study, we incorporated two root functions: a root water uptake function which assumes root water uptake efficiency varies with rooting depth, and a hydraulic redistribution function into a global land surface model, CABLE. The water uptake function developed by Lai and Katul (2000) was also compared with the default one (see Wang et al., 2010) that assumes that efficiency of water uptake per unit root length is constant. Using eddy flux measurements of CO2 and water vapor fluxes at three sites experiencing different patterns of seasonal changes in soil water content, we showed that the two root functions significantly improved the agreement between the simulated fluxes of net ecosystem exchange and latent heat flux and soil moisture dynamics with those observed during the dry season while having little impact on the model simulation during the wet seasons at all three sites. Sensitivity analysis showed that varying several model parameters influencing soil water dynamics in CABLE did not significantly affect the model's performance. We conclude that these root functions represent a valuable improvement for land surface modeling and should be implemented into CABLE and other land surface models for studying carbon and water dynamics where rainfall varies seasonally or interannually.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    A two-dimensional cadmium(II) coordination polymer based on 1-cyanomethyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and thiocyanate ligands (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: A cadmium–thiocyanate complex, poly[(1-cyanomethyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-κ 4 N )octakis-μ 2 -thiocyanato-κ 8 N : S ;κ 8 S : N -tricadmium(II)], [Cd 3 (C 8 H 14 N 3 ) 2 (NCS) 8 ] n , was synthesized by the reaction of 1-cyanomethyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride, cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate and potassium thiocyanide in aqueous solution. In the crystal structure, there are two independent types of Cd II cation (one on a centre of inversion and one in a general position) and both are in distorted octahedral coordination environments, coordinated by N and S atoms from different ligands. Neighbouring Cd II cations are linked together by thiocyanate bridges to form a two-dimensional network. Hydrogen-bonding interactions are involved in the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
    Print ISSN: 0108-2701
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5759
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of International Union of Crystallography (IUCr).
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  • 7
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    CFD simulation of the impact of structure on degassing cyclone efficiency (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-15
    Description: The separation of liquid-gas flows is essential for many industrial processes. Computational fluid dynamics method that contains Algebraic Slip Mixture model and Reynolds Stress model is firstly adopted to analyze the impact of number of inlets, column-diameter ratio on the degassing performance of hydrocyclone. For separating the bubbles that are 5-50µm in size, the structures with 1-6 inlets and seven different column-diameter ratios (2.0-5.0) are simulated. The results show that multiport designs are more suitable for liquid-gas separation, particularly separation of small bubbles. However, as the number of inlets increases, the growth trend of separation efficiency becomes slow. In addition, the structure with H c =3.9·D n obtains the optimal separation performance. Moreover, a longer column section is beneficial to small bubbles, but results in a greater loss of fluid energy.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Protein turnover analysis in Salmonella Typhimurium during infection by dynamic SILAC, Topograph, and quantitative proteomics (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-16
    Description: Protein turnover affects protein abundance and phenotypes. Comprehensive investigation of protein turnover dynamics has the potential to provide substantial information about gene expression. Here we report a large-scale protein turnover study in Salmonella Typhimurium during infection by quantitative proteomics. Murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells were infected with SILAC labeled Salmonella . Bacterial cells were extracted after 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. Mass spectrometry analyses yielded information about Salmonella protein turnover dynamics and a software program named Topograph was used for the calculation of protein half lives. The half lives of 311 proteins from intracellular Salmonella were obtained. For bacteria cultured in control medium (DMEM), the half lives for 870 proteins were obtained. The calculated median of protein half lives was 69.13 and 99.30 min for the infection group and the DMEM group, respectively, indicating an elevated protein turnover at the initial stage of infection. Gene ontology analyses revealed that a number of protein functional groups were significantly regulated by infection, including proteins involved in ribosome, periplasmic space, cellular amino acid metabolic process, ion binding, and catalytic activity. The half lives of proteins involved in purine metabolism pathway were found to be significantly shortened during infection.
    Print ISSN: 0233-111X
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Optimal Retrofit Design of Crude Distillation Units for Processing Shale Gas/Natural Gas Condensate Oil (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Condensate oil is a kind of light crude oil with API gravity higher than 50 degrees. The increasing production of condensate oil due to shale gas/natural gas booming has economically motivate refiners to add this valuable and abundant crude source into their feedstock. Many refineries, however, were originally built to process heavier crudes, whose design must be retrofitted to enable the processing of the changed feedstock. In this paper, the conceptual retrofit design of crude distillation units for processing condensate oil has been studied. Four retrofit designs are proposed and simulated including facilities of preflash column, atmospheric distillation unit, and vacuum distillation unit. All retrofit designs are comprehensively evaluated by steady-state modeling for feasibility check, energy consumption analysis for operating cost evaluation, and retrofit cost evaluation. With the help of Aspen Plus, Aspen Energy Analyzer, and Aspen Capital Cost Estimator, the developed methodology provides a quantitative technology support to identify the optimal retrofit design. A comparison of the results shows that the retrofit design with preflash columns in sequence potentially could be the most economical case.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Spatiotemporal patterns and source implications of aromatic hydrocarbons at six rural sites across China's developed coastal regions (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Aromatic hydrocarbons are important anthropogenic precursors of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Here, we measured ambient aromatic hydrocarbons from March 2012 to February 2014 at six rural sites in China's developed coastal regions. On average, benzene (B) comprised 〉 50% of total benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and xylenes (X) (BTEX) at sites in the Northeast China Plain (NECP) or in the North China Plain (NCP), whereas T, E, and X accounted for 〉 77% of total BTEX at sites in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the south. BTEX at the northern sites was significantly correlated ( p  〈 0.01) with combustion tracer-carbon monoxide (CO) but weakly correlated with traffic marker-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), suggesting that their main sources were coal and biofuel/biomass burning with substantially elevated B levels during the winter heating period. In contrast, BTEX at the southern sites originated mainly from traffic-related and/or industrial emission sources, as indicated by the poor correlations with CO but highly significant ( p  〈 0.01) correlations with MTBE and tetrachloroethylene, an industrial emission tracer. The B/CO emission ratios from measurement agreed within a factor of two with that of a previous widely used emission inventory of China, but the T/CO ratio at the NECP site and the o-X/CO ratio at the NCP site were 29% and 38% of that in the inventory, respectively; the E/CO and X/CO ratios at the YRD site were 3.2-3.5 fold that in the emission inventory.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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