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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 30 (1977), S. 427-444 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Physicists have two conceptions of the stability of systems: global and neighbourhood stability. Global stability corresponds to the idea of successional changes leading to climax communities. Yet, neighbourhood stability is shown to be a more realistic model for changes in dominance of marine benthic sediment-living communities. The factors inducing state changes in dominance pattern were shown to be principally biological interactions. In order to model the stability of benthic ecosystems, much more attention must be given to natural history-type studies of biological interactions. Furthermore, mathematical models usually assume that the systems are globally stable. Should neighbourhood stability prove to be the rule for benthic systems then realistic models of such systems will be an order of magnitude more complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: DMP 840 ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; phase I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: DMP 840, a novel bisnaphthalimide, has demonstrated promising schedule dependent anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo against several tumor cell lines. A phase I study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 24-hour infusion schedule repeated every three weeks, on the therapeutic efficacy of DMP 840. Patients and methods: Fourteen patients with refractory solid tumor malignancies were treated with DMP 840 at doses of 20, 40, 50 and 60 mg/m2. Results: A combination of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and stomatitis were dose-limiting at doses of 50 and 60 mg/m2 in both minimally- and extensively-pretreated patients. In contrast, all courses at lower dose levels were well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that DMP 840 had a prolonged terminal half life (median 39 hours; range 25–86) and that dose-limiting events were significantly related to several indices of systemic DMP 840 exposure (P 〈 0.01, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test). Conclusion: The recommended dose of DMP 840 for further disease oriented evaluations is 40 mg/m2 administered over 24 hours every three weeks. The infusion duration evaluated in this study did not result in a substantial increase in the tolerable dose compared to shorter, less cumbersome schedules.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Untersuchung der Geochemie stabiler Isotope goldführender Quarzgänge in schwach metamorphen Sedimenten der zentralen Rocky Mountains in Britisch Kolumbien, Kanada. Die Resultate ergänzen früher publizierte geologische und geochemische Daten. Die δ34S-Werte von Gang-Pyrit liegen zwischen + 14.2 und + 16.3‰ (CDT); gleichzeitig gebildeter Bleiglanz hat δ34S-Werte von + 11.4 bis + 13.3‰. Die Isotopengeothermo metrie des Pyrits und Bleiglanzes ergibt eine mittlere Mineralisationstemperatur von 300°C + 43° für diese beiden Minerale. Vergleiche der 8345-Werte des Gang-Pyrits mit denen von Pyrit-Porphyroblasten des Nebengesteins lassen für die Gang-Pyrite eine Herkunft des Schwefels aus dem Nebengestein als wahrscheinlich erscheinen. Die Δ18O-Werte von Quarziten und Peliten, die als Nebengesteine auftreten, streuen von + 12.0‰ bis + 13.5‰ (SMOW), beziehungweise von +9.5 bis + 10.5‰ Quarz goldführender Gänge hat δ18O-Werte, die zwischen + 13.0‰ und + 15.0‰ (SMOW) liegen. Er wurde als Gangfüllung wahrscheinlich bei sinkenden Temperaturen aus post metamorphen wäßrigen Lösungen abgesetzt. Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse von Gangmineralien zeigen δD-Werte von -105 bis -124‰ (SMOW). Die H-O-Isotope sind deshalb ein Hinweis dafür, daß als mineralisierende Lösungen isotopisch veränderte meteorische Wässer in Betracht zu ziehen sind. Bei der Deutung der Herkunft der mineralisierenden wäßrigen Lösungen von mesothermalen Goldgängen muß die Kenntnis der H-Isotope als kritisch betrachtet werden. Die Seltenheit mit der H-Isotopendaten dieses Lagerstättentyps in der Literatur diskutiert werden, dürfte ein wesentlicher Grund dafür sein, daß die Rolle meteorischer Wässer bei der Genese mesothermaler, in Metasedimenten liegender Goldgänge, vielfach übersehen wurde.
    Notes: Summary The stable isotope geochemistry of native gold-bearing quartz veins contained within low-grade metasedimentary strata in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains, British Columbia is examined. The data augment previous geological and geochemical studies. Vein pyrite δ34S values cluster between + 14.2 and + 16.3‰ (CDT). Coeval galenas exhibit δ34S values between + 11.4 and 13.3‰. Pyrite-galena geothermometry reveals a mean temperature of mineralization of 300 ± 43°C. Comparison of δ34S values for the vein pyrites, with values for pyrite porphyroblasts in country rocks suggests that vein sulfur was probably derived from the host rocks. δ18O(SMOW) values of host quartzites and pelites cluster between + 12.0 and + 13.5‰, and + 9.5 and + 10.5‰, respectively. Auriferous vein quartz exhibits Δ18O values between + 13.0 and + 15.0‰. Veins were likely deposited from fluids undergoing post-peak metamorphic cooling. Vein inclusion fluids exhibit Δ values between −105 and −124‰ (SMOW). Combined O-H-isotope data are most compatible with a source fluid involving chemically- and isotopically-evolved meteoric waters. The critical role of H-isotope data in the evaluation of source fluids for such mesothermal gold lodes is stressed. The paucity of H-isotope data pertaining to the study of lode gold deposits in similar low-grade metasedimentary domains suggests that the involvement of meteoric waters may at times be overlooked.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: docetaxel in unknown primary ; therapy of unknown primary cancer ; unknown primary cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose:To evaluate the toxicity, response rate and short-termsurvival associated with the chemotherapy combinations of docetaxel pluscisplatin or carboplatin when used for the treatment of patients withmetastatic carcinoma of unknown primary site. Patients and methods:Twenty-six patients were treated withdocetaxel 75 mg/m2 i.v. and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 i.v.given every three weeks (study A) and subsequently, 47 patients were treatedwith docetaxel 65 mg/m2 and carboplatin (AUC dose = 6) every threeweeks (study B). Stable or responding patients received a maximum of eightcourses of therapy. Patients who were known to be in treatable subset groupswere excluded from these trials. The majority of patients had two or moresites of metastasis; about 45% had adenocarcinoma and 50% poorlydifferentiated carcinoma. Results:In study A, 6 of 23 (26%) assessable patients hada major response to therapy. The median survival was eight months and one-yearsurvival 42%. Seven patients were removed from the study early forgrade 3 or 4 nausea and vomiting. In study B, 9 of 40 assessable patients(22%) had a major response to therapy. Median survival was eight monthsand one-year survival 29%. Toxicity associated with this regimen waspredominantly myelosuppression. Comparisons of the two sequential trialsshowed no differences in response rates or survivals (P = 0.75). Conclusions:Docetaxel and cisplatin (study A) is an activecombination in carcinoma of unknown primary site, but associated withsubstantial gastrointestinal toxicity. A combination of docetaxel pluscarboplatin (study B) is better tolerated and produced a similar responserate, median survival and one-year survival. Comparative phase III trials willbe necessary to unequivically prove a survival advantage for any form oftherapy in these patients. However, the survival for patients with carcinomaof unknown primary site receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy is comparableto the survivals for several other groups of advanced cancer patients, suchas non-small cell lung cancer, receiving various types of chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 34 (1976), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative samples of interstitial sand beach meiofauna were collected from Morocco along the North African coast (Algeria and Tunisia) and northwards to Lebanon, Turkey and Cyprus. Data on the sediment median diameter, sorting coefficient and beach temperature were used to construct multiple-regression equations relating these factors to the total meiofaunal numbers. Curvilinear regression was found to give a significantly better fit than linear regression in all cases but one. Treating the whole Mediterranean data, the equation explained 9.3% of the variance in meiofaunal abundance. Within narrower geographical areas, however, the equations explained significantly more of the variance: 56.70% of Moroccan tidal beach data, 75.60% of South Tunisian tidal beach data, and 62.3% of South Tunisian atidal beach data. For the tidal beach equations sorting was the most important factor, followed by temperature and median diameter. It is suggested that the factors controlling meiofaunal abundance on these beaches are likely to be wave, tide and current action which also control sorting. The lack of fit of most atidal beach data suggests that here biological interactions such as competition and predation may control meiofaunal abundance. The detection of beaches affected by pollutants may also be possible using regression techniques. Beaches having a significantly enriched population (sewage-induced) or depleted population (pollutant-induced) can be readily detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 34.10.+x ; 34.30.+h ; 82.20.Pm ; 82.50.Et
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A model for the temperature-dependent electronic quenching of NO A 2 Σ+ is presented. The model is appropriate for collision partners having stable negative ions, which are predicted to have large quenching cross-sections. Colliders with relatively large negative electron affinities are predicted to have cross-sections that are near-zero at room temperature and can increase dramatically at very high temperatures. A negligibly small electronic quenching cross-section is predicted for collision partners having negative ions that are unstable on a collisional timescale. Results of the model are compared to experimentally measured cross-sections for a number of species of interest in combustion and aerothermodynamic applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive for history of exact sciences 31 (1984), S. 127-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 225-237 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteogenesis ; Experimental bone grafts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Isografts of cortical bone were transplanted subcutaneously in the rat and the rate of osteogenesis 12 to 14 days later was assessed by measurement of85Sr uptake and by histology. Some grafts were implanted complete whereas others had had one or more of their cellular components (viz. periosteum, endosteum, osteocytes, marrow) removed by mechanical or enzymatic pretreatment. From an analysis of the differences in osteogenesis between grafts devoid of different combinations of cellular components, the contribution of each component to osteogenesis was determined. The results indicate that the endosteal lining cells and marrow stroma together produce more than half of the new bone, the periosteal cells contribute about 30%, the osteocytes possibly make a small (10%) contribution, and the free, hemopoietic cells of the marrow make no significant contribution. Evidence about the relative contributions to osteogenesis of graft and host cells is reviewed and the possible osteogenetic role of bone marrow is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 27 (1988), S. 255-260 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary High levels of cytotoxic activity against the natural killer (NK) cell-sensitive target K562 and the NK-resistant target UCLA-SO-M14 (M14) can be generated in vitro either by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) or by culture of lymphocytes in interleukin 2 (IL2) (lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells). The purpose of this study was to identify similarities and differences between MLC-LAK and IL2-LAK cells and allospecific cytotoxic T cells. Induction of cytotoxicity against K562 and M14 in both culture systems was inhibited by antibodies specific either for IL2 or the Tac IL2 receptor. Like NK effector cells, the precursors for the MLC-LAK cells were low density large lymphocytes. However these precursors differed from the large granular lymphocytes that mediated NK cytolysis in sensitivity to the toxic lysosomotropic agent L-leucine methyl ester (LME). The resistance of the MLC-LAK precursors to LME indicated that the precursors included large agranular lymphocytes. Although interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is produced in MLC and in IL2 containing cultures, it is not required for induction of either type of cytotoxic activity. Neutralization of IFN-gamma in MLC-and IL2-containing cultures with specific antibodies had no effect on the induction of cytotoxic activities. Both allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and LAK activities were enhanced by IL2 and IFN-gamma at the effector cell stage. However, the mechanism of cytolysis was different in the two systems. NK- and MLC-induced LAK activities were independent of CD3-T cell receptor complex while CTL activity was blocked by monoclonal antibodies specific for the CD3 antigen. These results suggest that NK and the in vitro induced LAK cytotoxicities are a family of related functions that differ from CTL. Furthermore, MLC-induced and IL2-induced cytotoxicities against K562 and M14 appear to be identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 7 (1975), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Fraction I Protein ; Ribulose Diphosphate Carboxylase ; Nicotiana ; Origin of Species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The polypeptide composition of Fraction I protein fromNicotiana digluta, a synthetic species which arose by chromosome doubling following the interspecific hybridization ofN.glutinosa andN.tabacum, has been examined by isoelectric focusing. The composition of the protein fromN.digluta, which was identical to the protein from the infertile F1 hybridN.glutinosa xN.tabacum, showed 3 polypeptides in the large subunit and 4 polypeptides in the small subunit. The large subunit polypeptides were identical to those fromN.glutinosa, the maternal parent in the original hybridization, whereas the small subunit polypeptides were a composite of the small subunit polypeptides from bothN.glutinosa andN.tabacum. This analysis demonstrates how the polypeptide composition of Fraction I protein evolves during the origin of new species ofNicotiana.
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