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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic sensors with good signal-to-interference discrimination (1983)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si stabiliscono princípi per il progetto di sistemi di spire che generano campi magnetici distanti che diminuiscono secondo una potenza inversa alta della distanza. Secondo un principio di reciprocità queste disposizioni, quando usate come sensori in magnetometri ad induzione e SQUID, hanno una sensibilità intrinsecamento bassa per sorgenti distanti del campo magnetico.
    Notes: Summary Principles are established for the design of coil arrays which generate distant magnetic fields diminishing as a high inverse power of the distance. By a principle of reciprocity these arrays, when used as sensors in induction and SQUID magnetometers, have an inherently low sensitivity to distant sources of magnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02455919
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the effects of acid precipitation in eastern Canada using the raison system (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 71-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Evaluations have been made of the key chemical factors in the aquatic effects upon surface waters due to acidic precipitation in eastern Canada. The region of Canada east of the Manitoba/Ontario border was divided into 22 aggregates and assessments of inorganic and organic ion chemistry appraised relative to sulphate deposition rates and distributions. Aquatic sensitivity is largely dominated by the concentration, distribution and magnitude of SO inf4 sup2- (sulphate) deposition and by the prevalent geology and derived soils found in each aggregate. The RAISON system provided an adaptable and highly flexible platform to evaluate interactively, multiple data sets of divergent characteristics. Attributes usually associated with geographical information systems are significantly augmented by quantitative numerical and stochastic capabilities that were used extensively in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406953
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An airborne far-infrared spectrometer for astronomical observations (1980)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 1 (1980), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: astronomy ; far-infrared spectroscopy ; Fabry-Perot filters ; fine structure lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A Fabry-Perot spectrometer for airborne observations of astronomical spectral lines has been designed for use in the 50 to 200 μm region of the far-infrared. The spectrometer uses a fixed wavelength Fabry-Perot filter cooled to 4.2 K in conjunction with a high order scanning Fabry-Perot at room temperature. This arrangement provides high spectral resolution and also minimizes the thermal background radiation on the detector. The instrument has been successfully used to study all the presently detected fine structure lines between 50 and 120 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007063
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Far infrared fine structure lines in the interstellar medium (1980)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 1 (1980), S. 609-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: astronomy ; fine structure lines ; far-infrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fine structure lines in the far-infrared have many simple properties that make them useful tools for diagnosing astrophysical plasmas. The line ratios are sensitive and accurate probes of density, elemental abundances, and ionization structure. In addition, studies of line shapes and Doppler shifts should prove valuable in studies of the gross dynamics of H II regions and galaxies. We present a review of the theory involved in the interpretation of these lines, and a summary of the observations made so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013471
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based approach to regional acidification modelling (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 83-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Data from over 2000 stations and knowledge from experts on atmospheric transport, soil geochemistry, lake chemistry, wetland processes and acidification modelling were assembled in an expert system. The data were grouped by aggregates of tertiary watersheds based on water chemistry knowledge. A set of expert rules was used to determine which of six existing models was most appropriate for a given set of data. Comparison of computed and observed alkalinity indicated median relative errors from 11.3–17.9%, with regression slopes ranging from 0.91–1.18 and regression coefficients between 0.82 and 0.99. The expert model performance was further confirmed with paleolimnological data and other independent sets of data. The sensitivity of the predicted alkalinity was illustrated by changing some of the rules. Given that the rules were acceptable by experts and produced reasonable agreement with observations, the knowledge-based system seemed a viable approach to the impact assessment of acidic deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406954
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    Probabilistic models of genetic variation in structured populations applied to global human studies (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Motivation: Modern population genetics studies typically involve genome-wide genotyping of individuals from a diverse network of ancestries. An important problem is how to formulate and estimate probabilistic models of observed genotypes that account for complex population structure. The most prominent work on this problem has focused on estimating a model of admixture proportions of ancestral populations for each individual. Here, we instead focus on modeling variation of the genotypes without requiring a higher-level admixture interpretation. Results: We formulate two general probabilistic models, and we propose computationally efficient algorithms to estimate them. First, we show how principal component analysis can be utilized to estimate a general model that includes the well-known Pritchard–Stephens–Donnelly admixture model as a special case. Noting some drawbacks of this approach, we introduce a new ‘logistic factor analysis’ framework that seeks to directly model the logit transformation of probabilities underlying observed genotypes in terms of latent variables that capture population structure. We demonstrate these advances on data from the Human Genome Diversity Panel and 1000 Genomes Project, where we are able to identify SNPs that are highly differentiated with respect to structure while making minimal modeling assumptions. Availability and Implementation: A Bioconductor R package called lfa is available at http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/lfa.html . Contact: jstorey@princeton.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-20
    Description: : Heterogeneity and latent variables are now widely recognized as major sources of bias and variability in high-throughput experiments. The most well-known source of latent variation in genomic experiments are batch effects—when samples are processed on different days, in different groups or by different people. However, there are also a large number of other variables that may have a major impact on high-throughput measurements. Here we describe the sva package for identifying, estimating and removing unwanted sources of variation in high-throughput experiments. The sva package supports surrogate variable estimation with the sva function, direct adjustment for known batch effects with the ComBat function and adjustment for batch and latent variables in prediction problems with the fsva function. Availability: The R package sva is freely available from http://www.bioconductor.org . Contact: jleek@jhsph.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    subSeq: Determining Appropriate Sequencing Depth Through Efficient Read Subsampling (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-26
    Description: Motivation: Next-generation sequencing experiments, such as RNA-Seq, play an increasingly important role in biological research. One complication is that the power and accuracy of such experiments depend substantially on the number of reads sequenced, so it is important and challenging to determine the optimal read depth for an experiment or to verify whether one has adequate depth in an existing experiment. Results: By randomly sampling lower depths from a sequencing experiment and determining where the saturation of power and accuracy occurs, one can determine what the most useful depth should be for future experiments, and furthermore, confirm whether an existing experiment had sufficient depth to justify its conclusions. We introduce the subSeq R package, which uses a novel efficient approach to perform this subsampling and to calculate informative metrics at each depth. Availability and Implementation: The subSeq R package is available at http://github.com/StoreyLab/subSeq/ . Contact: dgrtwo@princeton.edu or jstorey@princeton.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Statistical significance of variables driving systematic variation in high-dimensional data (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: Motivation : There are a number of well-established methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) for automatically capturing systematic variation due to latent variables in large-scale genomic data. PCA and related methods may directly provide a quantitative characterization of a complex biological variable that is otherwise difficult to precisely define or model. An unsolved problem in this context is how to systematically identify the genomic variables that are drivers of systematic variation captured by PCA. Principal components (PCs) (and other estimates of systematic variation) are directly constructed from the genomic variables themselves, making measures of statistical significance artificially inflated when using conventional methods due to over-fitting. Results : We introduce a new approach called the jackstraw that allows one to accurately identify genomic variables that are statistically significantly associated with any subset or linear combination of PCs. The proposed method can greatly simplify complex significance testing problems encountered in genomics and can be used to identify the genomic variables significantly associated with latent variables. Using simulation, we demonstrate that our method attains accurate measures of statistical significance over a range of relevant scenarios. We consider yeast cell-cycle gene expression data, and show that the proposed method can be used to straightforwardly identify genes that are cell-cycle regulated with an accurate measure of statistical significance. We also analyze gene expression data from post-trauma patients, allowing the gene expression data to provide a molecularly driven phenotype. Using our method, we find a greater enrichment for inflammatory-related gene sets compared to the original analysis that uses a clinically defined, although likely imprecise, phenotype. The proposed method provides a useful bridge between large-scale quantifications of systematic variation and gene-level significance analyses. Availability and implementation : An R software package, called jackstraw , is available in CRAN. Contact : jstorey@princeton.edu
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    A nested parallel experiment demonstrates differences in intensity-dependence between RNA-seq and microarrays (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-17
    Description: Understanding the differences between microarray and RNA-Seq technologies for measuring gene expression is necessary for informed design of experiments and choice of data analysis methods. Previous comparisons have come to sometimes contradictory conclusions, which we suggest result from a lack of attention to the intensity-dependent nature of variation generated by the technologies. To examine this trend, we carried out a parallel nested experiment performed simultaneously on the two technologies that systematically split variation into four stages (treatment, biological variation, library preparation and chip/lane noise), allowing a separation and comparison of the sources of variation in a well-controlled cellular system, Saccharomyces cerevisiae . With this novel dataset, we demonstrate that power and accuracy are more dependent on per-gene read depth in RNA-Seq than they are on fluorescence intensity in microarrays. However, we carried out quantitative PCR validations which indicate that microarrays may demonstrate greater systematic bias in low-intensity genes than in RNA-seq.
    Keywords: Microarray Technology, Massively Parallel (Deep) Sequencing
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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