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  • 1
    In: Journal of Imaging, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2022-03-19), p. 81-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Ultrasonography is the main method used during pregnancy to assess the fetal growth, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta. The placenta’s structure suffers dynamic modifications throughout the whole pregnancy and many of these changes, in which placental microcalcifications are by far the most prominent, are related to the process of aging and maturation and have no effect on fetal wellbeing. However, when placental microcalcifications are noticed earlier during pregnancy, they could suggest a major placental dysfunction with serious consequences for the fetus and mother. For better detectability of microcalcifications, we propose a new approach based on improving the clarity of details and the analysis of the placental structure using first and second order statistics, and fractal dimension. (2) Methods: The methodology is based on four stages: (i) cropping the region of interest and preprocessing steps; (ii) feature extraction, first order—standard deviation (SD), skewness (SK) and kurtosis (KR)—and second order—contrast (C), homogeneity (H), correlation (CR), energy (E) and entropy (EN)—are computed from a gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and fractal dimension (FD); (iii) statistical analysis (t-test); (iv) classification with the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (K-NN algorithm) and performance comparison with results from the support vector machine algorithm (SVM algorithm). (3) Results: Experimental results obtained from real clinical data show an improvement in the detectability and visibility of placental microcalcifications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-433X
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2824270-1
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  • 2
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-28), p. 5309-
    Abstract: In recent decades, minimization and recycling/reuse policies were introduced to reduce the quantities of generated waste and for alternative waste recovery. Organic wastes represent 46% of total global solid waste. Possible uses of organic wastes include using it as fertilizer and amendment for soil, for energy recovery and for the production of chemical substances. Sewage sludge disposal and reuse are identified as future problems concerning waste. The total amount of sludge generated in the entire world has increased dramatically, and this tendency is expected to increase significantly in the years to come. In most developed countries, special attention is given to sewage sludge treatment in order to improve the quality and safety of using it on the ground surface. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is considered an acceptable method, from an economic and ecological perspective, for the beneficial reuse of sewage sludge. This method has many advantages because, during the pyrolysis process, the sludge volume is reduced by 80%, pathogenic agents and hazardous compounds from sewage sludge are eliminated, metals are immobilized in solid residue and organic and inorganic fractions are immobilized in a stabilized form of pyrolytic residues (biochar). The biochar generated by sewage sludge pyrolysis does not contain pathogenic agents and is rich in carbon and nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-11), p. 1167-
    Abstract: Organic waste management is an important concern for both industries and communities. Proper management is crucial for various reasons, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting sustainability, and improving public health. Composted manure is a valuable source of nutrients and organic matter that can be used as a soil amendment in agriculture. Some important benefits of using composted manure in agriculture include: improves soil fertility, enhances soil structure, reduces soil erosion, suppresses plant diseases, and reduces reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Composted manure represents one of the most effective methods of organic waste valorization. Its macronutrients and micronutrients content can increase plant yield, without any reported negative or toxic effects on the soil and plants at various application rates. However, improper use of farmyard manure can have negative effects on the environment, such as air pollution from greenhouse gas emissions, soil acidification, and contamination of surface water and groundwater by nitrates and phosphates. The properties of the soil, including aeration, density, porosity, pH, water retention capacity, etc., can be improved by the structure and composition of manure. The slow-release source of nutrients provided by the nutrient content of compost can determine proper plants growth. However, it is crucial to use compost in moderation and regularly test soil to prevent excessive nutrient application, which can have adverse effects on plants and the environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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