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  • 1
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    Two New Species of Freshwater Planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae, Dugesia) from Southern China Exhibit Unusual Karyotypes, with a Discussion on Reproduction in Aneuploid Species (2024)
    Hindawi Limited
    In:  Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research vol. 2024 no. 8299436, pp. 1-18
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Two new species of the genus Dugesia from Southern China are described by applying an integrative approach, including \nmorphological, karyological, histological, and molecular information. In the molecular phylogenetic tree, the two new species, \nDugesia pendula Chen & Dong, sp. nov. and Dugesia musculosa Chen & Dong, sp. nov., fall into an Eastern Palearctic/Oriental \nclade and an Oriental/Australasian clade, respectively, while sharing only a rather distant relationship. The separate specific \nstatus of the two new species is supported also by their genetic distances. Dugesia pendula is characterized by the following \nfeatures: symmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal, a duct between seminal vesicle and diaphragm, small \ndiaphragm, dorsally located seminal vesicle, a penis papilla suspended from the dorsal wall of the male atrium, and mixoploid \nkaryotype with diploid complements of 2n = 2x = 14 + 0 \xe2\x88\x92 1 B-chromosome and triploid complements of 2n = 3x = 21 + 0 \xe2\x88\x92 1 \nB-chromosome, with all chromosomes being metacentric. Dugesia musculosa is characterized by the following features: \nasymmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal; a ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct with a terminal opening; \ntwo diaphragms; a bursal canal provided with a strong, thick layer of circular muscle, which extends from the copulatory bursa \nto the common atrium and gonoduct; the left vas deferens opening at the midlateral wall of the seminal vesicle, while the right \nsperm duct opens at the dorsolateral wall of the seminal vesicle; and karyotype consisting of complicated diploid and \naneuploid mosaicism, with diploid complements of 2n = 2x = 16 and 2n = 2x = 16 \xe2\x88\x92 17th-18th, with all chromosomes being \nmetacentric. The uncommon karyotypes, combined with the asexual reproduction of aneuploid animals, are evaluated in the \ncontext of the relationship between ploidy levels and reproductive modalities in the genus Dugesia.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repression of AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 is a crucial step in promoting flower development (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 36 (2004), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Flower development begins as floral meristems arise in succession on the flank of the inflorescence meristem. Floral meristem identity genes LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) promote establishment and maintenance of floral identity in newly formed floral primordia. Without their activity, the floral ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1286
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of PCR product detection and quantitation by electrochemiluminescence and fluorescence (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Electrochemiluminescence ; magnetic separation ; DNA probes ; PCR ; quantitation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amplification and detection of target DNA sequences are made possible in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using a mixture of biotinylated and ruthenium(II) trisbipyridal (Ru(bpy)32+)-end-labelled primers. In this way, biotin for capture and Ru(bpy)32+ for detection are directly incorporated into the PCR product obviating subsequent probe hybridization. PCR of a bacterial DNA template from Alteromonas species strain JD6.5 using a cocktail of biotin- and Ru(bpy)32+-labelled primers amplified a 1 kilobase region. Serial dilution of PCR product followed by magnetic separation with Streptavidin (SA)-coated magnetic beads and an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay using the semi-automated QPCR System 5000 demonstrated sensitive (pg range) DNA detection. ECL assay of probe hybridization to a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequence also produced pg level sensitivity. Quantitative DNA determination by ECL assay correlated well with visual detection of DNA in electrophoretic gels. However, DNA detection by ECL assay was 10 to 100 times more sensitive than conventional ethidium bromide staining. The combination of DNA-based magnetic separation with ECL assay provides a very sensitive and rapid method of quantitating DNA which, owing to its rapid and facile nature, may have many applications in the research, environmental monitoring, industrial and clinical fields.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100407
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an immunomagnetic assay system for rapid detection of bacteria and leukocytes in body fluids (1996)
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 9 (1996), S. 474-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: immunomagnetic separation ; clinical automation ; magnetic beads ; bacteria ; E. coli ; T cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immunomagnetic (IM) separation and concentration of specific target ligands or particles, such as bacteria or leukocytes, from complex mixtures, such as bone marrow, blood and other body fluids, is now a widely accepted technique. IM methodologies require high affinity antibodies or other receptors, but are potentially as effective as density gradient separations. Thus, a computer-controlled first-generation immunomagnetic assay system (IMAS) biodetector is being developed for clinical diagnostics. This system is fully automated and affords the advantage of rapid flow-through capture of all types of magnetic beads (MBs) and obviates operator contact with body fluid samples during the collection and analysis phases. In the present work, biotinylated capture antibodies were bound to streptavidin-coated MBs for capture of E. coli O157:H7, T cells and T cell subsets. Samples were automatically vortex mixed with antibody-coated MBs, stained with an acridine dye or fluorescent antibody and collected in a specially designed flow cell containing multiple steel pins, which concentrate external magnetic field lines. IM complexes were rapidly (within minutes), separated from their media in the magnetic field. Magnetically captured particles were automatically rinsed in the flow cell to remove unwanted materials and detection was achieved via a flow-through fluorimeter. Samples can be subsequently captured on a microbiological filter for microscopic visualization and image analysis. Preliminary results demonstrate that rapid detection of target bacteria and leukocytes at low concentrations in body fluids is possible with a total assay time under 1 h. This IM technology has many other potential clinical, industrial and environmental monitoring applications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular organization in phospholipid monolayer domains by correlative fluorescence microscopy and electron diffraction (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Lipid monolayers ; Lipid bilayers ; Electron diffraction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Lipid monolayer is a half leaflet model for lipid bilayer, which forms the basis of biological membranes. Within a certain range of surface area per molecule of phospholipid monolayers at the air-water interface, where the compressibility was nearly infinite, two phases with different molecular packings were observable by fluorscence microscopy. Mixed-phase monolayers of L-1,2-dipalmitoyl-N-monomethyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine [DP(Me)PE] or L-1,2-dipalmitoyl-N-dimethyl-3-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine [DP(Me)2PE] were deposited on marker grids coated with Formvar films. The molecular organization in the dark and bright fluorescent areas on the grids was investigated by low dose, selected area electron diffraction. Sharp reflection arcs, at a spacing of 4.2Å and arranged in a hexagon pattern, were detected from dark domains of both lipids. A diffuse reflection ring at a spacing of 4.6Å was derived from the bright background areas. Diffraction patterns were obtained from neighboring areas along selected dark domains of both lipids. The orientations of diffraction patterns from areas along smooth and curving boundries of DP(Me)2PE domains were found to turn with the boundaries. In the branching domains of DP(Me)PE, the orientations of diffraction patterns indicated that the branches were formed by twinning. Electron diffraction thus provides an unique way to sample the local molecular packing order and orientation within individual domains in phospholipid monolayers. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070270511
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  • 6
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    Cardioprotection by acetylcholine: A novel mechanism via mitochondrial biogenesis and function involving the PGC-1α pathway (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Mitochondrial biogenesis disorders appear to play an essential role in cardiac dysfunction. Acetylcholine as a potential pharmacologic agent exerts cardioprotective effects. However, its direct action on mitochondria biogenesis in acute cardiac damage due to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remains unclear. The present study determined the involvement of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the cardiopotection of acetylcholine in H9c2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our findings demonstrated that acetylcholine treatment on the beginning of reoxygenation improved cell viability in a concentration-dependent way. Consequently, acetylcholine inhibited the mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and caused a significant increase in mitochondrial density, mass and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Accordingly, acetylcholine enhanced ATP synthesis, membrane potentials and activities of mitochondrial complexes in contrast to H/R alone. Furthermore acetylcholine stimulated the transcriptional activation and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α, the central factor for mitochondrial biogenesis) and its downstream targets including nuclear respiration factors and mitochondrial transcription factor A. In addition, acetylcholine activated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which was located upstream of PGC-1α. Atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) abolished the favorable effects of acetylcholine on mitochondria. Knockdown of PGC-1α or AMPK by siRNA blocked acetylcholine-induced stimulating effects on mtDNA copy number and against cell injury. In conclusion, we suggested, acetylcholine as a mitochondrial nutrient, protected against the deficient mitochondrial biogenesis and function induced by H/R injury in a cellular model through muscarinic receptor-mediated, AMPK/PGC-1α-associated regulatory program, which may be of significance in elucidating a novel mechanism underlying acetylcholine-induced cardioprotection. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Inhibition of the CSF-1 receptor sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-27
    Description: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common female malignancies, and cisplatin-based chemotherapy is routinely used in locally advanced ovarian cancer patients. Acquired or de novo cisplatin resistance remains the barrier to patient survival, and the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance are still not well understood. In the current study, we found that colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3 and CaoV-3 cells. Colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor knockdown suppressed proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3 and CaoV-3 cells. However, CSF-1R overexpression had inverse effects. While parental SK-OV-3 and CaoV-3 cells were more resistant to cisplatin after CSF-1R overexpression, CSF-1R knockdown in SK-OV-3 and CaoV-3 cells promoted cisplatin sensitivity. Overexpression and knockdown studies also showed that CSF-1R significantly promoted active AKT and ERK1/2 signalling pathways in cisplatin-resistant cells. Furthermore, a combination of cisplatin and CSF-1R inhibitor effectively inhibited tumour growth in xenografts. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that CSF-1R inhibition can sensitize cisplatin-refractory ovarian cancer cells. This study may help to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in tumours.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    104-week efficacy and safety of telbivudine based optimization strategy in chronic hepatitis B patients: A randomized, controlled study (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: Optimization strategy based on ROADMAP concept is supposed to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with suboptimal antiviral response. The aim of this study is to prove the concept with a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study. Six hundred and six Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) -positive, nucleos(t)ide -naive chronic hepatitis B patients were randomized to OPTIMIZE or MONO group. Patients in OPTIMIZE group were treated with telbivudine for 24 weeks, after which those suboptimal responders with HBV DNA ≥ 300 copies/mL at week 24 received telbivudine plus adefovir until week 104, while the early virological responders continued telbivudine monotherapy. Patients in MONO group received telbivudine monotherapy. All patients with telbivudine monotherapy were added on adefovir if viral breakthrough developed. Sixty eight percent (204/300) patients in OPTIMIZE group were added on adefovir due to suboptimal response. At week 104, compared to MONO group, more patients in OPTIMIZE group achieved HBV DNA 〈 300 copies/ml (76.7% vs. 61.2%, p〈0.001) with less genotypic resistance (2.7% vs. 25.8%, p〈0.001). The rates of HBeAg seroconversion and ALT normalization were comparable between two groups (23.7% vs. 22.1%; 80.7% vs. 79.2%). For week 24 suboptimal responders, telbivudine plus adefovir showed additive antiviral potency with 71.1% achieving virological response at week 104 and only 0.5% developing genotypic resistance, compared with 46.6% who achieved virological response and 37.8% who developed genotypic resistance with telbivudine monotherapy. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated with observed persistent increase of glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion: For suboptimal virological responders to telbivudine at week 24, adjusting treatment strategy is recommended. Adding on adefovir can benefit these patients with additive antiviral potency and low resistance without increased side effect. (H epatology 2013;)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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  • 9
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    Expansion of activated regulatory T cells by myeloid-specific chemokines via an alternative pathway in CSF of bacterial meningitis patients (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-24
    Description: Previous studies have demonstrated that activation/expansion by certain cytokines as well as recruitment by specific chemokines is involved in enrichment of regulatory T (Treg) cells in local tissues or organs under pathological conditions. Recent evidence indicates that human Treg cells are a heterogeneous population that comprises three distinct subpopulations: CD25 + CD45RA + resting Treg (rTreg) cells, CD25 hi CD45RA − activated Treg (aTreg) cells, which are both suppressive, and CD25 + CD45RA − cytokine-secreting T cells with proinflammatory capacity. Moreover, rTreg cells can proliferate and convert to aTreg cells. Here, we found an increase in aTreg-cell frequency in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with post-neurosurgery bacterial meningitis. We revealed that such an increased aTreg-cell frequency in the CSF was not due to enhanced chemotaxis. Instead of a classic conversion pathway from rTreg to aTreg cells, we identified an alternative route of Treg-cell conversion from cytokine-secreting cells to aTreg cells induced by myeloid-specific chemokine CXCL5 via CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors, or by CSF myeloid cells in a cell–cell contact manner. Our results reveal a different view of how the immune system controls overwhelming local immune responses during infection, and provide evidence of how innate immunity negatively regulates adaptive immunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Print ISSN: 0014-2980
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    A novel systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer after chemotherapy (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Cancer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: BACKGROUND Predicting survival is uniquely difficult in patients with pancreatic cancer who receive chemotherapy. The authors developed a systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) based on peripheral neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts and evaluated the ability of the SIRI to predict the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer who received chemotherapy. METHODS The SIRI was developed in a training set of 177 patients who had advanced pancreatic cancer and received palliative chemotherapy. The ability of the SIRI to predict a patient's survival after chemotherapy was validated in 2 independent cohorts (n = 397). RESULTS Compared with patients who had an SIRI 〈1.8, patients in the training cohort who had an SIRI ≥1.8 had a shorter time to progression (TTP) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.348; 95% confidence interval, 1.559-3.535; P = .003) and shorter overall survival (OS) (HR, 2.789; 95% confidence interval, 1.897-4.121; P 〈 .001). Comparable TTP and OS findings were observed in 2 independent validation cohorts. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the SIRI was an independent prognostic factor for both TTP and OS. In addition, compared with no change, an increase in the SIRI at week 8 was associated with poor TTP and OS, whereas a decrease in the SIRI was associated with improved outcomes. In addition, high SIRI scores were correlated with higher serum levels of interleukin 10, C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), CCL18, and CCL22 and with a shortened TTP. CONCLUSIONS The SIRI can be used to predict the survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinomas who receive chemotherapy, potentially allowing clinicians to improve treatment outcomes by identifying candidates for aggressive therapy. Cancer 2016 . © 2016 American Cancer Society .
    Print ISSN: 0008-543X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0142
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Cancer Society.
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