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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of the predatory legs of water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepidae, Naucoridae, Notonectidae, Gerridae) (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 289-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Functional comparative morphology of predatory legs in five species of water bugs (Ilyocoris cimicoides, Nepa cinerea, Ranatra linearis, Notonecta glauca, and Gerris lacustris) has been investigatd adn the following peculiarities of leg design were revealed.1Subcoxal articulation may be monoaxial (G. lacustris, N. glauca), or, in contrast to walking leg type, biaxial (N. cinerea, R. linearis, I. cimicoides); the first axis is oriented along the coxa (torsion axis), the second one is perpendicular to the first (non-torsion axis).2In contrast to walking leg type, which is characterized by cross suspension of the axis of coxal rotation in thoracal skeleton, this axis in G. lacustris is placed vertically. Non-torsion coxal axis in R. linearis is oriented strongly transversal. This axis directs the leg strike forward.3Legs in the majority of species are planar: Torsion axes of the coxa, femur, and tibia are placed in the same plane. Axes of rotation of consequent joints in I. cimicoides are reciprocally sloped. Therefore, the end of the leg outlines the spiral trajectory, when all angles of joints are opening (closing). This is an adaptation for clinging to the stems of water plants.4Passive adduction of the femur in the trochanter-femoral joint in N. glauca allows it to go around protuberances of the body wall, when the leg is sliding along them; recurrent femur movement during releasing from the obstacele is active due to the rt.fe muscle.5Only R. linearis has predatory legs, which permit the high-speed pursuit of potential prey; other species realize this function using the swimming legs, whereas the forelegs are used for the manipulation movements.6Muscle arrangement in the prothorax of different species reflects both leg construction and constructional constraints of body design. Powerful flexor muscles (co1, co2, co3, co5, fl.ti, et.ti in R. linearis; fl.ta, fl.ti in N. glauca; fl.ti in I. cimicoides) have long tendons and short muscle bundles, which originate on the leg wall. As a result, the powerful force is developed along the muscle tendon.7Some features of the predatory leg are common for the species studies: elongation of coxae, thickening of femora, and increase of the degree of junction of tibia and tarsus. The muscles, which move the distal segment of the leg, are reinforced and the sclerite of the fl.ti tendon is enlarged. The joint angle of the distal segment is increased to 120°. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052230306
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central projections of cheliceral mechanoreceptors in the spider Cupiennius salei (Arachnida, Araneae) (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 217 (1993), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Central projections of lyriform organs and tactile hairs on the chelicerae of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei were traced using anterograde cobalt fills. Different fibers arising from both mechanoreceptor types arborize in the cheliceral ganglia, which are part of the tritocerebrum, and in sensory longitudinal tracts in the center of the suboesophageal nerve mass together with afferent fibers arising from mechanoreceptors on the walking legs and the pedipalps. This convergence of sensory projections in the sensory longitudinal tracts might provide the anatomical basis for the coordination of the movements of different extremities during prey capture and feeding. The findings also support the hypothesis that the tritocerebrum originally was a preoral ganglion in spiders. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052170202
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Coupling of oceanic carbon and nitrogen facilitates spatially resolved quantitative reconstruction of nitrate inventories (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature Communications, 9 (Article number 1217).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Anthropogenic impacts are perturbing the global nitrogen cycle via warming effects and pollutant sources such as chemical fertilizers and burning of fossil fuels. Understanding controls on past nitrogen inventories might improve predictions for future global biogeochemical cycling. Here we show the quantitative reconstruction of deglacial bottom water nitrate concentrations from intermediate depths of the Peruvian upwelling region, using foraminiferal pore density. Deglacial nitrate concentrations correlate strongly with downcore δ13C, consistent with modern water column observations in the intermediate Pacific, facilitating the use of δ13C records as a paleo-nitrate-proxy at intermediate depths and suggesting that the carbon and nitrogen cycles were closely coupled throughout the last deglaciation in the Peruvian upwelling region. Combining the pore density and intermediate Pacific δ13C records shows an elevated nitrate inventory of 〉10% during the Last Glacial Maximum relative to the Holocene, consistent with a δ13C-based and δ15N-based 3D ocean biogeochemical model and previous box modeling studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03647-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Simulated leakage of high pCO2 water negatively impacts bivalve dominated infaunal communities from the Western Baltic Sea (2016)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 6 . p. 31447.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-18
    Description: Carbon capture and storage is promoted as a mitigation method counteracting the increase of atmospheric CO2 levels. However, at this stage, environmental consequences of potential CO2 leakage from sub-seabed storage sites are still largely unknown. In a 3-month-long mesocosm experiment, this study assessed the impact of elevated pCO2 levels (1,500 to 24,400 μatm) on Cerastoderma edule dominated benthic communities from the Baltic Sea. Mortality of C. edule was significantly increased in the highest treatment (24,400 μatm) and exceeded 50%. Furthermore, mortality of small size classes (0–1 cm) was significantly increased in treatment levels ≥6,600 μatm. First signs of external shell dissolution became visible at ≥1,500 μatm, holes were observed at 〉6,600 μatm. C. edule body condition decreased significantly at all treatment levels (1,500–24,400 μatm). Dominant meiofauna taxa remained unaffected in abundance. Densities of calcifying meiofauna taxa (i.e. Gastropoda and Ostracoda) decreased in high CO2 treatments (〉6,600 μatm), while the non - calcifying Gastrotricha significantly increased in abundance at 24,400 μatm. In addition, microbial community composition was altered at the highest pCO2 level. We conclude that strong CO2 leakage can alter benthic infauna community composition at multiple trophic levels, likely due to high mortality of the dominant macrofauna species C. edule.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/srep31447
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Persistence of plastic debris and its colonization by bacterial communities after two decades on the abyssal seafloor (2020)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The fate of plastic debris entering the oceans is largely unconstrained. Currently, intensified research is devoted to the abiotic and microbial degradation of plastic floating near the ocean surface for an extended period of time. In contrast, the impacts of environmental conditions in the deep sea on polymer properties and rigidity are virtually unknown. Here, we present unique results of plastic items identified to have been introduced into deep-sea sediments at a water depth of 4150 m in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean more than two decades ago. The results, including optical, spectroscopic, physical and microbial analyses, clearly demonstrate that the bulk polymer materials show no apparent sign of physical or chemical degradation. Solely the polymer surface layers showed reduced hydrophobicity, presumably caused by microbial colonization. The bacterial community present on the plastic items differed significantly (p 〈 0.1%) from those of the adjacent natural environment by a dominant presence of groups requiring steep redox gradients (Mesorhizobium, Sulfurimonas) and a remarkable decrease in diversity. The establishment of chemical gradients across the polymer surfaces presumably caused these conditions. Our findings suggest that plastic is stable over extended times under deep-sea conditions and that prolonged deposition of polymer items at the seafloor may induce local oxygen depletion at the sediment-water interface.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Mapping the Surface Microbiome and Metabolome of Brown Seaweed Fucus vesiculosus by Amplicon Sequencing, Integrated Metabolomics and Imaging Techniques (2019)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 9 (1061).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus is a keystone marine species, which is subject to heavy surface colonisation. this study was designed to analyse the surface epibiome of F. vesiculosus in conjunction with the composition and spatial distribution of its surface metabolome. the amplicon sequencing, seM and CARD-FIsH imaging studies showed Alphaproteobacteria to predominate the epibiotic bacteria. Fungi of the class Eurotiomycetes were visualised for the first time on an algal surface. An untargeted metabolomics approach using molecular networks, in silico prediction and manual dereplication showed the differential metabolome of the surface and the whole tissue extracts. In total, 50 compounds were putatively dereplicated by UPLC-MS/MS, 37 of which were previously reported from both seaweeds and microorganisms. Untargeted spatial metabolomics by DESI-Imaging MS identified the specific localisation and distribution of various primary and secondary metabolites on surface imprints and in algal cross sections. The UPLC-MS, DESI-IMS and NMR analyses failed to confirm the presence of any surface-associated metabolite, except for mannitol, which were previously reported from F. vesiculosus. This is the first study analysing the seaweed surface microbiome in conjunction with untargeted surface metabolomics and spatial metabolomics approaches.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37914-8
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Microbial nucleation of Mg-rich dolomite in exopolymeric substances under anoxic modern seawater salinity: New insight into an old enigma (2012)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-01
    Description: Sulfate-reducing bacteria are known to mediate dolomite formation under hypersaline conditions, but details of the crystal nucleation process are still poorly constrained. Our laboratory study demonstrates for the first time that Desulfobulbus mediterraneus, a marine sulfate-reducing bacterium, mediates primary precipitation of Mg-rich dolomite under anoxic conditions in media replicating modern seawater chemistry at low temperature (21 °C). Precipitation of crystals was associated with extracellular polymeric substances in a monospecific biofilm, providing templates for nucleation by altering the molar Mg/Ca ratio. After initial nucleation of single nanospherulites (∼50 nm), growth was mediated by aggregation, resulting in spherulites of ∼2–3 μm in diameter. Nucleation led to differences in Mg/Ca ratios and δ44/40Ca values among the organic material (i.e., biofilm including cells and extracellular polymeric substances; 0.87 ± 0.01 [2 SD] and 0.48‰ ± 0.11‰ [2 SE], respectively), the crystals (1.02 ± 0.11 [2 SD] and
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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