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  • 1
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    Growth and survival of the winged oyster Pteria colymbus in suspended culture: influence of environmental factors associated to upwelling periods (2017)
    Springer
    In:  Aquaculture International, 25 (4). pp. 1653-1666.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The present study examines the influence that environmental variables exerted on changes in condition index (CI), shell height (SH—dorsal-ventral axis) and soft tissue mass increments (STM) of the winged oyster Pteria colymbus in suspended culture during periods of upwelling (December to April) and non-upwelling (August to November) in the Cariaco Gulf, northeastern Venezuela. Environmental variables recorded between April 2012 and May 2013 included seston, water transparency, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a (Chl a) and the upwelling index (UI). Individuals were cultivated in lantern nets with an overall density of 56 individuals/0.123 m2. From three randomly chosen baskets, five individuals were sampled each month and changes in CI, STM and SH were related to the environmental variables using Spearman correlation and PCA. Results show that during upwelling, both Chl a and UI presented a positive and significant relationship with the oyster condition and growth parameters. During non-upwelling (low UI), this relationship was inverse, demonstrating the important influence of upwelling and non-upwelling periods on the ecophysiology of the species. Furthermore, it was shown that the non-upwelling, characterized by high temperatures and low food availability, is a critical period for P. colymbus, judging by a decrease in growth and survival rate. Nonetheless, this species reached 50 mm in 5 months, a size considered as commercially viable, suggesting that the study area is favourable to the cultivation of the winged oyster despite a dramatic decrease in upwelling intensity in the last decade.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s10499-017-0141-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Methane fluxes from tropical coastal lagoons surrounded by mangroves, Yucatán, Mexico (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122 (5). pp. 1156-1174.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Methane concentrations in the water column and emissions to the atmosphere were determined for three tropical coastal lagoons surrounded by mangrove forests on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Surface water dissolved methane was sampled at different seasons over a period of 2 years in areas representing a wide range of salinities and anthropogenic impacts. The highest surface water methane concentrations (up to 8378 nM) were measured in a polluted canal associated with Terminos Lagoon. In Chelem Lagoon, methane concentrations were typically lower, except in the polluted harbor area (1796 nM). In the relatively pristine Celestún Lagoon, surface water methane concentrations ranged from 41 to 2551 nM. Methane concentrations were negatively correlated with salinity in Celestún, while in Chelem and Terminos high methane concentrations were associated with areas of known pollution inputs, irrespective of salinity. The diffusive methane flux from surface lagoon water to the atmosphere ranged from 0.0023 to 15 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1. Flux chamber measurements revealed that direct methane release as ebullition was up to 3 orders of magnitude greater than measured diffusive flux. Coastal mangrove lagoons may therefore be an important natural source of methane to the atmosphere despite their relatively high salinity. Pollution inputs are likely to substantially enhance this flux. Additional statistically rigorous data collected globally are needed to better consider methane fluxes from mangrove-surrounded coastal areas in response to sea level changes and anthropogenic pollution in order to refine projections of future atmospheric methane budgets.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017JG003761
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  • 3
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    Relating sulfate and methane dynamics to geology: Accretionary prism offshore SW Taiwan (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14 (7). pp. 2523-2545.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-28
    Description: Geochemical data (CH4, SO42−, I−, Cl−, particulate organic carbon (POC), δ13C-CH4, and δ13C-CO2) are presented from the upper 30 m of marine sediment on a tectonic submarine accretionary wedge offshore southwest Taiwan. The sampling stations covered three ridges (Tai-Nan, Yung-An, and Good Weather), each characterized by bottom simulating reflectors, acoustic turbidity, and different types of faulting and anticlines. Sulfate and iodide concentrations varied little from seawater-like values in the upper 1–3 m of sediment at all stations; a feature that is consistent with irrigation of seawater by gas bubbles rising through the soft surface sediments. Below this depth, sulfate was rapidly consumed within 5–10 m by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at the sulfate-methane transition. Carbon isotopic data imply a mainly biogenic methane source. A numerical transport-reaction model was used to identify the supply pathways of methane and estimate depth-integrated turnover rates at the three ridges. Methane gas ascending from deep layers, facilitated by thrusts and faults, was by far the dominant term in the methane budget at all sites. Differences in the proximity of the sampling sites to the faults and anticlines mainly accounted for the variability in gas fluxes and depth-integrated AOM rates. By comparison, methane produced in situ by POC degradation within the modeled sediment column was unimportant. This study demonstrates that the geochemical trends in the continental margins offshore SW Taiwan are closely related to the different geological settings.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/ggge.20168
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  • 4
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    Towards a parameterization of global-scale organic carbon mineralization kinetics in surface marine sediments (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29 . pp. 812-829.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: An empirical function is derived for predicting the rate-depth profile of particulate organic carbon (POC) degradation in surface marine sediments including the bioturbated layer. The rate takes the form of a power law analogous to the Middelburg function. The functional parameters were optimized by simulating measured benthic O2 and NO3− fluxes at 185 stations worldwide using a diagenetic model. The novelty of this work rests with the finding that the vertically-resolved POC degradation rate in the bioturbated zone can be determined using a simple function where the POC rain rate is the governing variable. Although imperfect, the model is able to fit 71 % of paired O2 and NO3− fluxes to within 50% of measured values. It further provides realistic geochemical concentration-depth profiles, NO3− penetration depths and apparent first-order POC mineralization rate constants. The model performs less well on the continental shelf due to the high heterogeneity there. When applied to globally resolved maps of rain rate, the model predicts a global denitrification rate of 182 ± 88 Tg yr−1 of N and a POC burial rate of 107 ± 52 Tg yr−1 of C with a mean carbon burial efficiency of 6.1%. These results are in very good agreement with published values. Our proposed function is conceptually simple, requires less parameterization than multi-G type models and is suitable for non-steady state applications. It provides a basis for more accurately simulating benthic nutrient fluxes and carbonate dissolution rates in Earth system models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GB005087
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  • 5
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    A method for the calculation of anaerobic oxidation of methane rates across regional scales: an example from the Belt Seas and The Sound (North Sea–Baltic Sea transition) (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 33 (4). pp. 299-310.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-19
    Description: Estimating the amount of methane in the seafloor globally as well as the flux of methane from sediments toward the ocean–atmosphere system are important considerations in both geological and climate sciences. Nevertheless, global estimates of methane inventories and rates of methane production and consumption through anaerobic oxidation in marine sediments are very poorly constrained. Tools for regionally assessing methane formation and consumption rates would greatly increase our understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of the methane cycle as well as help constrain the global methane budget. In this article, an algorithm for calculating methane consumption rates in the inner shelf is applied to the gas-rich sediments of the Belt Seas and The Sound (North Sea–Baltic Sea transition). It is based on the depth of free gas determined by hydroacoustic techniques and the local methane solubility concentration. Due to the continuous nature of shipboard hydroacoustic measurements, this algorithm captures spatial heterogeneities in methane fluxes better than geochemical analyses of point sources such as observational/sampling stations. The sensibility of the algorithm with respect to the resolution of the free gas depth measurements (2 m vs. 50 cm) is proven of minor importance (a discrepancy of 〈10%) for a small part of the study area. The algorithm-derived anaerobic methane oxidation rates compare well with previous measured and modeling studies. Finally, regional results reveal that contemporary anaerobic methane oxidation in worldwide inner-shelf sediments may be an order of magnitude lower (ca. 0.24 Tmol year–1) than previous estimates (4.6 Tmol year–1). These algorithms ultimately help improve regional estimates of anaerobic oxidation of methane rates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00367-013-0329-z
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  • 6
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    A quantitative assessment of methane cycling in Hikurangi Margin sediments (New Zealand) using geophysical imaging and biogeochemical modeling (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17 (12). pp. 4817-4835.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Takahe seep, located on the Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, is characterized by a well-defined subsurface seismic chimney structure ca. 80,500 m2 in area. Sub-seafloor geophysical data based on acoustic anomaly layers indicated the presence of gas hydrate and free gas layers within the chimney structure. Reaction-transport modeling was applied to porewater data from 11 gravity cores to constrain methane turnover rates and benthic methane fluxes in the upper 10 m. Model results show that methane dynamics were highly variable due to transport and dissolution of ascending gas. The dissolution of gas (up to 3761 mmol m−2 yr−1) dwarfed the rate of methanogenesis within the simulated sediment column (2.6 mmol m−2 yr−1). Dissolved methane is mainly consumed by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at the base of the sulfate reduction zone and trapped by methane hydrate formation below it, with maximum rates in the central part of the chimney (946 and 2420 mmol m−2 yr−1, respectively). A seep-wide methane budget was constrained by combining the biogeochemical model results with geophysical data and led to estimates of AOM rates, gas hydrate formation and benthic dissolved methane fluxes of 3.68 × 104 mol yr−1, 73.85 × 104 mol yr−1and 1.19 × 104 mol yr−1, respectively. A much larger flux of methane probably escapes in gaseous form through focused bubble vents. The approach of linking geochemical model results with spatial geophysical data put forward here can be applied elsewhere to improve benthic methane turnover rates from limited single spot measurements to larger spatial scales.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006643
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  • 7
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    Temperature and volume of global marine sediments (2017)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 45 (3). pp. 275-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Marine sediments contribute significantly to global element cycles on multiple time scales. This is due in large part to microbial activity in the shallower layers and abiotic reactions resulting from increasing temperatures and pressures at greater depths. Quantifying the rates of these diagenetic changes requires a three-dimensional description of the physiochemical properties of marine sediments. In a step toward reaching this goal, we have combined global data sets describing bathymetry, heat conduction, bottom-water temperatures, and sediment thickness to quantify the three-dimensional distribution of temperature in marine sediments. This model has revealed that ∼35% of sediments are above 60 °C, conditions that are suitable for petroleum generation. Furthermore, significant microbial activity could be inhibited in ∼25% of marine sediments, if 80 °C is taken as a major thermal barrier for subsurface life. In addition to a temperature model, we have calculated new values for the total volume (3.01 × 108 km3) and average thickness (721 m) of marine sediments, and provide the only known determination of the volume of marine-sediment pore water (8.46 × 107 km3), equivalent to ∼6.3% of the volume of the ocean. The results presented here can be used to help quantify the rates of mineral transformations, lithification, catagenesis, and the extent of life in the subsurface on a global scale.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1130/G38601.1
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  • 8
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    A revised global estimate of dissolved iron fluxes from marine sediments (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29 (5). pp. 691-707.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Literature data on benthic dissolved iron (DFe) fluxes (µmol m−2 d−1), bottom water oxygen concentrations (O2BW, μM), and sedimentary carbon oxidation rates (COX, mmol m−2 d−1) from water depths ranging from 80 to 3700 m were assembled. The data were analyzed with a diagenetic iron model to derive an empirical function for predicting benthic DFe fluxes: inline image where γ (= 170 µmol m−2 d−1) is the maximum flux for sediments at steady state located away from river mouths. This simple function unifies previous observations that COX and O2BW are important controls on DFe fluxes. Upscaling predicts a global DFe flux from continental margin sediments of 109 ± 55 Gmol yr−1, of which 72 Gmol yr−1 is contributed by the shelf (〈200 m) and 37 Gmol yr−1 by slope sediments (200–2000 m). The predicted deep-sea flux (〉2000 m) of 41 ± 21 Gmol yr−1 is unsupported by empirical data. Previous estimates of benthic DFe fluxes derived using global iron models are far lower (approximately 10–30 Gmol yr−1). This can be attributed to (i) inadequate treatment of the role of oxygen on benthic DFe fluxes and (ii) improper consideration of continental shelf processes due to coarse spatial resolution. Globally averaged DFe concentrations in surface waters simulated with the intermediate-complexity University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model were a factor of 2 higher with the new function. We conclude that (i) the DFe flux from marginal sediments has been underestimated in the marine iron cycle and (ii) iron scavenging in the water column is more intense than currently presumed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2014GB005017
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  • 9
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    Biogeochemical feedbacks may amplify ongoing and future ocean deoxygenation: a case study from the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A new box model is employed to simulate the oxygen-dependent cycling of nutrients in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Model results and data for the present state of the OMZ indicate that dissolved iron is the limiting nutrient for primary production and is provided by the release of dissolved ferrous iron from shelf and slope sediments. Most of the removal of reactive nitrogen occurs by anaerobic oxidation of ammonium where ammonium is delivered by aerobic organic nitrogen degradation. Model experiments simulating the effects of ocean deoxygenation and warming show that the productivity of the Peruvian OMZ will increase due to the enhanced release of dissolved iron from shelf and slope sediments. A positive feedback loop rooted in the oxygen-dependent benthic iron release amplifies, both, the productivity rise and oxygen decline in ambient bottom waters. Hence, a 1% decline in oxygen supply reduces oxygen concentrations in sub-surface waters of the continental margin by 22%. The trend towards enhanced productivity and amplified deoxygenation will continue until further phytoplankton growth is limited by the loss of reactive nitrogen. Under nitrogen-limitation, the redox state of the OMZ is stabilized by negative feedbacks. A further increase in productivity and transition to sulfidic conditions is only possible if the rate of nitrogen fixation increases drastically under anoxic conditions. Such a transition would lead to a wide-spread accumulation of toxic sulfide with detrimental consequences for fishery yields in the Peruvian OMZ that currently provides a significant fraction of the global fish catch.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Constraining global marine iron sources and ligand-mediated scavenging fluxes with GEOTRACES dissolved iron measurements in an ocean biogeochemical model (2021)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Iron is a key micronutrient controlling phytoplankton growth in vast regions of the global ocean. Despite its importance, uncertainties remain high regarding external iron source fluxes and internal cycling on a global scale. In this study, we used a global dissolved iron dataset, including GEOTRACES measurements, to constrain source and scavenging fluxes in the marine iron component of a global ocean biogeochemical model. Our model simulations tested three key uncertainties: source inputs of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (varying from 1.4–3.4 Gmol/yr), reductive sedimentary iron release (14–117 Gmol/yr), and compared a variable ligand parameterization to a constant distribution. In each simulation, scavenging rates were tuned to reproduce the observed global mean iron inventory for consistency. The variable ligand parameterization improved the global model-data misfit the most, suggesting that heterotrophic bacteria are an important source of ligands to the ocean. Model simulations containing high source fluxes of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (3.4 Gmol/yr) and reductive sedimentary iron release (114 Gmol/yr) further improved the model most notably in the surface ocean. High scavenging rates were then required to maintain the iron inventory resulting in relatively short surface and global ocean residence times of 0.83 and 7.5 years, respectively. The model simulates a tight spatial coupling between source inputs and scavenging rates, which may be too strong due to underrepresented ligands near source inputs, contributing to large uncertainties when constraining individual fluxes with dissolved iron concentrations. Model biases remain high and are discussed to help improve global marine iron cycle models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: other
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