Note: Intro -- front-matter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- Recent Advances in Enzyme Immobilization in Nanomaterials -- 1. Enzymes and their uses/ applications/ functions -- 1.2 Definition of enzyme -- 1.2 History & -- etymology of enzymes -- 1.3 Nomenclature -- 1.4 Enzyme activity -- 1.5 Sequence similarity -- 1.6 Chemical structure -- 1.6.1 Co-factor -- 1.6.2 Co-enzymes -- 1.6.3 Inhibitor -- 1.6.3.1 Competitive -- 1.6.3.2 Non-competitive -- 1.6.3.3 Uncompetitive -- 1.6.3.4 Mixed -- 1.6.3.5 Irreversible -- 1.6.4 Functions of inhibitors -- 1.7 Mechanism of enzymes working -- 1.7.1 Substrate binding -- 1.7.2 "Lock and key" model -- 1.7.3 "Induced fit" model -- 1.7.4 Catalysis -- 1.7.5 Dynamics -- 1.7.6 Substrate presentation -- 1.7.7 Allosteric modulation -- 1.8 Factor affecting enzymes activity -- 1.9 Functions -- 1.9.1 Biological functions -- 1.9.1.1 Metabolism -- 1.9.1.2 Control activity -- 1.9.1.2.1 Regulation -- 1.9.1.2.2 Post-translational modification -- 1.9.1.2.3 Quantity -- 1.9.1.2.4 Subcellular distribution -- 1.9.1.2.5 Organ specialization -- 1.9.2 Industrial applications -- 2. Different methods for enzymes immobilization in nanomaterials -- 2.1 Adsorption -- 2.2 Covalent bonding -- 2.3 Entrapment -- 2.4 Cross-linking -- 2.5 Bio-affinity interactions and other techniques -- 3. Enzymes immobilization on different nanomaterial -- 3.1 Immobilization of carbonaceous nanomaterials -- 3.2 Carbon nanotube -- 3.2.1 Graphene -- 3.2.2 Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide -- 3.3 Immobilization on metal/metal oxides nanomaterials -- 3.3.1 Metal nanomaterial -- 3.3.2 Metal hydroxide -- 3.3.3 Metal oxide nanomaterials -- 3.4 Immobilization of conductive polymers -- 3.5 Enzyme immobilization on other materials -- 4. Application of immobilized enzymes on nanomaterials. , 4.1 Electrochemical sensing applications of enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials -- 4.1.1 Amperometric biosensors -- 4.1.2 Potentiometric biosensors -- 4.1.2.1 Ion selective electrode -- 4.1.2.2 Enzyme field-effect transistors -- 4.1.2.3 Light addressable potentiometric sensors -- 4.1.3 Conductometry -- 4.1.4 Impedimetric enzyme biosensors -- 4.2 Fuel cell applications of enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials -- 4.3 Bio-sensor applications of enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials -- 4.4 Enzyme nanoparticles for biomedical application -- 4.4.1 Thrombolytic therapy -- 4.4.2 Oxidative stress and tnflammation therapy -- 4.4.3 Antibacterial treatment -- 4.5 Water contaminants treatment applications of enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials -- 4.5.1 Removal of emerging content -- 4.5.2 Disinfection -- 4.6 Water contaminants monitoring applications of enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials -- 4.6.1 Bacterial approach -- 4.6.2 Colorimetric approach -- 4.6.3 Electro-enzymatic approach -- 4.7 Other applications of immobilized enzymes on nanomaterials -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 -- Production, Properties and Applications of Materials-based Nano-Enzymes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Production and properties of nanomaterial-based enzymes -- 2.1 Chemical synthesis of nanomaterial-based enzymes -- 2.2 Physical synthesis of nanomaterial-based enzymes -- 2.3 Biological synthesis of nanomaterial-based enzymes -- 2.4 Properties of nanomaterial-based enzymes -- 3. Application of nanomaterial-based enzymes in the food industry -- 3.1 Carbon-based nanomaterial enzyme biosensors -- 3.2 Zinc oxide-based nanomaterial enzyme biosensors -- 3.3 Magnetite-based nanomaterial enzyme biosensors -- 3.4 Copper cluster-based nanomaterial enzyme biosensors -- 3.5 Noble metal-based nanomaterial enzyme biosensors -- 4. Challenges and prospects -- Conclusions -- References -- 3. , Use of Nanomaterials-Based Enzymes in the Food Industry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanozymes and its features -- 3. Catalytic mechanism of nanomaterials based enzymes -- 4. Nanomaterials-based enzymes for food analysis -- 4.1 Metal oxide-based -- 4.2 Metal-based nanozymes -- 4.3 Metal-organic frameworks based nanozymes -- 4.4 Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP)-Based -- 4.5 Carbon-based nanozymes -- 5. Schemes to improve substrate specificity of nanozymes -- 6. Some other applications in the food industry -- 6.1 Intentional adulteration -- 6.2 Detection system for insecticides -- 6.3 Design for detection of gram negative bacterium -- 6.4 Detection of ethanol -- 6.5 Mycotoxins -- 6.6 Other food contaminants detection -- 6.6.1 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -- 6.6.2 Hydroquinone (H2Q) -- 6.6.3 Arsenic-III -- 6.6.4 Norovirus (NoV) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 4 -- Nanomaterials Supported Enzymes: Environmental Applications for Depollution of Aquatic Environments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Enzymes -- 3. Sources of enzymes and their applications -- 4. Enzyme immobilization -- 5. Methods of Immobilization -- 5.1 Adsorption -- 5.2 Entrapment -- 5.3 Covalent binding -- 5.4 Cross-linking -- 6. Nanosupports for enzyme immobilization -- 6.1 Silica nanosupports -- 6.2 Carbon nanosupports -- 6.3 Metallic nanosupports -- 7. Applications of nanosupported enzymes in the depollution of aquatic environment -- 7.1 Water treatment applications -- 7.1.1 Eradication of emerging pollutants -- 7.1.2 Disinfection -- 7.2 Water monitoring applications -- 7.2.1 Electro-enzymatic method -- 7.2.2 Colorimetric method -- 7.2.3 Bacterial monitoring -- Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 5 -- Enzyme Immobilized Nanoparticles Towards Biosensor Fabrication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Enzyme immobilized nanomaterials -- 2.1 Metal nanomaterials. , 2.2 Metal oxide nanomaterials -- 2.3 Carbon-derived nanomaterials -- 2.4 Polymeric nanomaterials -- 2.5 Nanocomposites -- 3. Enzyme immobilized nanomaterial-based biosensors and their applications -- 3.1 Electrochemical biosensors -- 3.2 Optical biosensors -- 3.3 Piezoelectric and gravimetric biosensor -- 3.4 Magnetic biosensors -- 4. Future perspectives -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 -- Applications of Nanoparticles-based Enzymes in the Diagnosis of Diseases -- 1.1 Nanomaterials -- 1.2 Enzymes -- 1.3 Nanomaterials supported enzymes (NSEs) -- 2. Applications of nanomaterial supported enzymes (NSEs) -- 2.1 Role of NSEs in disease diagnosis and therapeutics -- 2.2 Use of NSEs in therapeutic -- 2.3 Applications of NSEs in biofilms and tumor prevention/disruption -- 2.4 The NSEs as enzymes inhibitors -- 2.5 Enzymatic Inhibition -- 2.6 Nanozymes for Inactivation/Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 -- 3. Role in biology and medicine -- 4. Nanozymes for sensing applications -- 5. Cancer tumor and bacterial detection -- 6. Imaging, diagnostics and biomarker monitoring -- 7. Role in HIV reactivation -- 8. Nanozymes for live cell and organelle imaging -- 9. The role of nanozymes in cardiovascular diseases (CVDS) -- 10. Diagnosis of CVDs -- 11. Applications of Nanozymes in the treatment of CVDs -- 12 The role of nanozymes in cyto-protecting -- 13. Advances of nanozymes in the neural disorders -- 14. Future prospects of NSEs -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 -- Drug Delivery using Nano-Material based Enzymes -- 1. Introduction to Nanozymes -- 2. Categorical distribution of nanozymes based on material type -- 2.1 Metal-based nanozymes -- 2.2 Fe-based nanozymes -- 2.3 Carbon-based nanozymes -- 3. Major Classes of nano-enzyme based on mode of action -- 3.1 Antioxidant nanozymes -- 3.2 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant nanozymes -- 3.3 Pro-oxidant nanozymzes. , 4. Nanoparticles with enzyme-responsive linker -- 5. Nanozymes preparation -- 5.1 Hydrothermal method -- 5.2 Solvothermal method -- 5.3 Co-precipitation method -- 6. Development of endogenous enzyme-responsive nanomaterials -- 6.1 Synthesis of nanomaterials with enzyme-responsive core -- 6.2 Nanoparticles construction with enzyme responsive crown -- 6.3 Modification of nanomaterials with enzyme responsive linker -- 6.4 Nanoparticles and enzyme-responsive ligands -- 7. Factors affecting nanozymes activity -- 7.1 Morphology -- 7.2 Size -- 7.3 Surface modifications -- 8. Therapeutic applications of nanozymes -- 8.1 Cytoprotection -- 8.2 Nano carriers -- 8.3 Nanozymes as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antibiofilm agents -- 8.4 Nanomaterials based targeted drug delivery to overcome tuberculosis (TB) -- 8.5 Anti-tumor drug delivery via enzyme-responsive NPs -- 9. Limitations of nanozymes -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 -- Biomedical uses of Enzymes Immobilized by Nanoparticles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Enzymes immobilization methods -- 3. Choice of supports -- 3.1 Entrapment -- 3.2 Crosslinking -- 3.3 Covalent attachment -- 3.4 Adsorption -- 4. Carrier bound method: general concept -- 5. Degradation of dye pollutants -- 6. Fe3O4 along with L-asparaginase -- 7. Chitin and chitosan support material for immobilization -- 7.1 Biomedical applications -- 8. Zinc oxide nano-particles -- 9. Modern applications -- 9.1 Biosensor -- 9.2 MnFe2O4@SiO2@PMIDA magnetic nanoparticles for antibody immobilization -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 9 -- Use of Nanomaterials-based Enzymes in Vaccine Production and Immunization -- 1. Intrоduсtiоn -- 2. Enzymes -- 2.1 Hоw enzymes wоrk -- 2.2 Natural and Artificial Enzymes -- 3. Nаnоzymes -- 4. Nаnоzymes in vассine рrоduсtiоn аnd immunizаtiоn -- 4.1 Nаnоmаteriаl-bаsed enzymes in vассine рrоduсtiоn. , 4.1.1 Nаnоflu.