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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold-Water Corals : The Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Habitats. (2009)
    Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,
    Details
    Keywords: Deep sea corals. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This broad-ranging treatment is the first to synthesise current understanding of all types of cold-water coral worldwide. Covering ecology, biology, palaeontology and geology, the text is enhanced by an extensive glossary, online resources, and a unique collection of colour photographs and illustrations of corals and the habitats they form.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (368 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780511539329
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=442834
    DDC: 593.6/1779
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Topic boxes and Case studies -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 History and research approaches -- 1.1 History -- 1.1.1 Early history and taxonomy -- 1.1.2 Pioneering deep-sea expeditions -- 1.1.3 The modern era begins -- 1.2 Research approaches -- 1.2.1 Exploration -- 1.2.2 Habitat mapping -- 1.2.3 Collecting samples -- 1.2.4 Monitoring -- 1.2.5 Technologies for the future -- 2 Cold-water corals -- 2.1 Ecological categorisation of corals -- 2.2 The five cold-water coral taxa -- 2.2.1 Scleractinia -- 2.2.2 Zoanthidae -- 2.2.3 Antipatharia -- 2.2.4 Octocorallia -- 2.2.5 Stylasteridae -- 2.3 Environmental controls on cold-water coral distribution -- 2.4 Global patterns of cold-water scleractinian diversity -- 2.5 Molecular phylogeny of cold-water corals -- 2.6 Linkages and connectivity -- 3 Biology -- 3.1 Anatomy -- 3.2 Morphology -- 3.3 Food supply and nutrition -- 3.3.1 Gas seeps and the 'hydraulic theory' -- 3.3.2 Hydrography -- 3.3.3 Food particles -- 3.4 Growth rates -- 3.4.1 Growth bands and chronologies -- 3.4.2 Longevity and carbon sources -- 3.5 Ecophysiology -- 3.5.1 Respiratory physiology -- 3.5.2 Excretion and osmotic balance -- 3.5.3 Nervous and endocrine control -- 3.6 Reproduction -- 3.7 Larval biology and dispersal -- 4 Reefs and mounds -- 4.1 Reef initiation and development -- 4.2 Reef sedimentation -- 4.2.1 Matrix sediment and deposits -- 4.2.2 Deposit-based cold-water coral reef classification -- 4.3 Defining coral carbonate mounds -- 4.4 Mound development -- 4.4.1 Mound initiation -- 4.4.2 Mound growth -- 4.4.3 Accumulation rates -- 4.4.4 Climatic controls on mound growth -- 4.4.5 Diagenetic processes -- 4.4.6 Late-stage mound development and burial -- 4.5 Coral carbonate mound morphology -- 4.5.1 Mound shape -- 4.5.2 Mound dimensions. , 4.6 Global distribution of coral carbonate mounds -- 5 Habitats and ecology -- 5.1 Habitats -- 5.1.1 Reefs -- 5.1.2 Gorgonian forests and coral gardens -- 5.2 Biodiversity -- 5.2.1 Megafauna and macrofauna -- 5.2.2 Meiofauna -- 5.2.3 Microbial diversity -- 5.3 Seamounts, endemism and refugia -- 5.4 Species interactions -- 5.4.1 Symbiosis -- 5.5 Fish assemblages -- 5.6 Predictive mapping -- 6 Palaeontology -- 6.1 Triassic dawn -- 6.2 Fossil record of cold-water corals -- 6.2.1 Dendrophylliidae -- 6.2.2 Oculinidae -- 6.2.3 Caryophylliidae -- 6.3 Taphonomy -- 6.3.1 Growth of the coral framework -- 6.3.2 Breakdown of the coral framework -- 6.4 Preservation of the coral-associated fauna -- 6.4.1 Foraminifera -- 6.4.2 Porifera -- 6.4.3 Cnidaria -- 6.4.4 Annelida -- 6.4.5 Mollusca -- 6.4.6 Crustacea -- 6.4.7 Echinodermata -- 6.4.8 Bryozoa -- 6.4.9 Other groups -- 7 Corals as archives -- 7.1 Biomineralisation -- 7.1.1 Coral calcification -- 7.1.2 Vital effects -- 7.2 Temperature records -- 7.3 Water-mass history -- 7.4 Pollution and nutrient records -- 8 Impacts and conservation -- 8.1 Impacts -- 8.1.1 Fishing -- 8.1.2 Oil and gas -- 8.1.3 Mining -- 8.1.4 Climate change and ocean acidification -- 8.1.5 Coral collection -- 8.1.6 Other threats -- 8.2 Conservation -- 8.2.1 Protected areas -- 8.2.2 Monitoring -- 8.2.3 The high seas -- 8.2.4 Stewardship -- Glossary -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
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    Sub-arctic Holocene climatic and oceanographic variability in Stjernsund, northern Norway: evidence from benthic foraminifera and stable isotopes (2013)
    Wiley
    In:  Boreas, 42 (3). pp. 511-531.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: A high-resolution record, covering 9.3–0.2 ka BP, from the sub-arctic Stjernsund (70°N) was studied for benthic foraminiferal faunas and stable isotopes, revealing three informally named main phases during the Holocene. The Early- to Mid-Holocene (9.3–5.0 ka BP) was characterized by the strong influence of the North Atlantic Current (NAC), which prevented the reflection of the Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO) in the bottom-water temperature. During the Mid-Holocene Transition (5.0–2.5 ka BP), a turnover of benthic foraminiferal faunas occurred, Atlantic Water species decreased while Arctic-Polar species increased, and the oxygen isotope record showed larger fluctuations. Those variations correspond to a period of global climate change, to spatially more heterogeneous benthic foraminiferal faunas in the Nordic Seas region, and to regionally diverging terrestrial temperatures. The Cool Late Holocene (2.5–0.2 ka BP) was characterized by increased abundances of Arctic-Polar species and a steady cooling trend reflected in the oxygen isotopes. In this period, our record differs considerably from those on the SW Barents Sea shelf and locations farther south. Therefore, we argue that regional atmospheric cooling triggered the late Holocene cooling trend. Several cold episodes centred at ∼8.3, ∼7.8, ∼6.5, ∼4.9, ∼3.9 and ∼3.3 ka BP were identified from the benthic foraminiferal faunas and the δ18O record, which correlated with marine and atmospherically driven proxy records. This suggests that short-term cold events may result from reduced heat advection via the NAC or from colder air temperatures.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00303.x
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Aggradation and carbonate accumulation of Holocene Norwegian cold-water coral reefs (2015)
    Blackwell | Wiley
    In:  Sedimentology, 62 (7). pp. 1873-1898.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-12
    Description: Cold-water coral ecosystems present common carbonate factories along the Atlantic continental margins, where they can form large reef structures. There is increasing knowledge on their ecology, molecular genetics, environmental controls and threats available. However, information on their carbo-nate production and accumulation is still very limited, even though this information is essential for their evaluation as carbonate sinks. The aim of this study is to provide high-resolution reef aggradation and carbonate accumulation rates for Norwegian cold-water coral reefs from various settings (sunds, inner shelf and shelf margin). Furthermore, it introduces a new approach for the evaluation of the cold-water coral preservation within cold-water coral deposits by computed tomography analysis. This approach allows the differentiation of various kinds of cold-water coral deposits by their macrofossil clast size and orientation signature. The obtained results suggest that preservation of cold-water coral frameworks in living position is favoured by high reef aggradation rates, while preservation of coral rubble prevails by moderate aggradation rates. A high degree of macrofossil fragmentation indicates condensed intervals or unconformities. The observed aggradation rates with up to 1500 cm kyr−1 exhibit the highest rates from cold-water coral reefs so far. Reef aggradation within the studied cores was restricted to the Early and Late Holocene. Available datings of Norwegian cold-water corals support this age pattern for other fjords while, on the shelf, cold-water coral ages are reported additionally from the early Middle Holocene. The obtained mean carbonate accumulation rates of up to 103 g cm−2 kyr−1 exceed previous estimates of cold-water coral reefs by a factor of two to three and by almost one order of magnitude to adjacent sedimentary environments (shelf, slope and deep sea). Only fjord basins locally exhibit carbonate accumulation rates in the range of the cold-water coral reefs. Furthermore, cold-water coral reef carbonate accumulation rates are in the range of tropical reef carbonate accumulation rates. These results clearly suggest the importance of cold-water coral reefs as local, maybe regional to global, carbonate sinks
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/sed.12206
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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