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  • 1
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    Nutrient deficiencies and the restriction of compensatory mechanisms in copepods (2018)
    British Ecological Society
    In:  Functional Ecology, 32 (3). pp. 636-647.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Abstract: The flexible regulation of feeding behaviour and nutrient metabolism is a prerequisite for consumers to grow and survive under variable food conditions. Thus, it is essential to understand the ecological trade-offs that restrict regulatory mechanisms in consumers to evaluate the consequences of nutrient limitations for trophic interactions. Here, we assessed behavioural and physiological adjustments to nutrient deficiencies in copepods and examined whether energy limitation, food digestibility or co-limitation with a second nutrient restricted compensatory mechanisms. A combination of 13C-labelling and compound-specific stable isotope measurements revealed that copepods compensated nitrogen deficiencies by raising retention efficiencies of amino acids (AA). The costs of higher retention efficiencies were reflected in the doubling of structural fatty acids (FA), probably required for morphological adaptations of the gut. A depletion of highly unsaturated FA in storage lipids and their selective retention suggested that these FA became co-limiting and restricted a further increase in AA retention efficiencies. Copepods feeding on phosphorus-limited algae showed a marked increase in ingestion rates but were not fully able to compensate dietary deficiencies. The increase in ingestion rates was thereby not restricted by higher foraging costs because energy storage in copepods increased. Instead, thicker cell walls of nutrient-limited algae indicated that algal digestion resistance restricted the extent of surplus feeding. The strongly nutrient-specific response of copepods had large implications for recycling rates, growth efficiencies and the potential top-down control at the plant–animal interface. Compensatory mechanisms to mitigate nutrient deficiencies are therefore an essential aspect of trophic interactions and have the potential to alter the structure of food web.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13016
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    The response of temperate aquatic ecosystems to global warming: novel insights from a multidisciplinary project (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 159 . pp. 2367-2377.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: This article serves as an introduction to this special issue of Marine Biology, but also as a review of the key findings of the AQUASHIFT research program which is the source of the articles published in this issue. AQUASHIFT is an interdisciplinary research program targeted to analyze the response of temperate zone aquatic ecosystems (both marine and freshwater) to global warming. The main conclusions of AQUASHIFT relate to (a) shifts in geographic distribution, (b) shifts in seasonality, (c) temporal mismatch in food chains, (d) biomass responses to warming, (e) responses of body size, (f) harmful bloom intensity, (f), changes of biodiversity, and (g) the dependence of shifts to temperature changes during critical seasonal windows.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-2085-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Spring phenological responses of marine and freshwater plankton to changing temperature and light conditions (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 159 . pp. 2491-2501.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-09
    Description: Shifts in the timing and magnitude of the spring plankton bloom in response to climate change have been observed across a wide range of aquatic systems. We used meta-analysis to investigate phenological responses of marine and freshwater plankton communities in mesocosms subjected to experimental manipulations of temperature and light intensity. Systems differed with respect to the dominant mesozooplankton (copepods in seawater and daphnids in freshwater). Higher water temperatures advanced the bloom timing of most functional plankton groups in both marine and freshwater systems. In contrast to timing, responses of bloom magnitudes were more variable among taxa and systems and were influenced by light intensity and trophic interactions. Increased light levels increased the magnitude of the spring peaks of most phytoplankton taxa and of total phytoplankton biomass. Intensified size-selective grazing of copepods in warming scenarios affected phytoplankton size structure and lowered intermediate (20–200 μm)-sized phytoplankton in marine systems. In contrast, plankton peak magnitudes in freshwater systems were unaffected by temperature, but decreased at lower light intensities, suggesting that filter feeding daphnids are sensitive to changes in algal carrying capacity as mediated by light supply. Our analysis confirms the general shift toward earlier blooms at increased temperature in both marine and freshwater systems and supports predictions that effects of climate change on plankton production will vary among sites, depending on resource limitation and species composition.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1964-z
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Shifts in Zooplankton Community Structure: Implications for Food Web Processes in the Upper San Francisco Estuary (2011)
    Springer
    In:  Estuaries and Coasts, 34 (4). pp. 675-690.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-22
    Description: Zooplankton are an important trophic link and a key food source for many larval fish species in estuarine ecosystems. The present study documents temporal and spatial zooplankton dynamics in Suisun Bay and the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta—the landward portion of the San Francisco Estuary (California, USA)—over a 37-year period (1972–2008). The zooplankton community experienced major changes in species composition, largely associated with direct and indirect effects of introductions of non-native bivalve and zooplankton species. A major clam invasion and many subsequent changes in zooplankton abundance and composition coincided with an extended drought and accompanying low-flow/high-salinity conditions during 1987–1994. In the downstream mesohaline region, the historically abundant calanoid copepods and rotifers have declined significantly, but their biomass has been compensated to some extent by the introduced cyclopoid Limnothoina tetraspina. The more upstream estuary has also experienced long-term declining biomass trends, particularly of cladocerans and rotifers, although calanoid copepods have increased since the early 1990s due to the introduced Pseudodiaptomus spp. In addition, mysid biomass has dropped significantly throughout the estuary. Shifts in zooplankton species composition have also been accompanied by an observed decrease in mean zooplankton size and an inferred decrease in zooplankton food quality. These changes in the biomass, size, and possibly chemical composition of the zooplankton community imply major alterations in pelagic food web processes, including a drop in prey quantity and quality for foraging fish and an increase in the importance of the microbial food web for higher trophic levels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s12237-010-9342-x
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Phytoplankton response to a changing climate (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 698 . pp. 5-16.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-02
    Description: Phytoplankton are at the base of aquatic food webs and of global importance for ecosystem functioning and services. The dynamics of these photosynthetic cells are linked to annual fluctuations of temperature, water column mixing, resource availability, and consumption. Climate can modify these environmental factors and alter phytoplankton structure, seasonal dynamics, and taxonomic composition. Here, we review mechanistic links between climate alterations and factors limiting primary production, and highlight studies where climate change has had a clear impact on phytoplankton processes. Climate affects phytoplankton both directly through physiology and indirectly by changing water column stratification and resource availability, mainly nutrients and light, or intensified grazing by heterotrophs. These modifications affect various phytoplankton processes, and a widespread advance in phytoplankton spring bloom timing and changing bloom magnitudes have both been observed. Climate warming also affects phytoplankton species composition and size structure, and favors species traits best adapted to changing conditions associated with climate change. Shifts in phytoplankton can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. An improved understanding of the mechanistic links between climate and phytoplankton dynamics is important for predicting climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Plankton-Studie (2010)
    RTL Nachtjournal
    In:  RTL Nachtjournal, 29.07.2010. [Interview/Performance on television, radio, blog]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Interview/Performance on television, radio, blog , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Interview/Performance on television, radio, blog
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