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  • Articles  (27)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (4)
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  • Articles  (27)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced MAPK/ERK and Elk-1 activation in vivo depends on dopaminergic transmission (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It is now well established that central effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of marijuana, are mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptors. However, intraneuronal signalling pathways activated in vivo by THC remain poorly understood. We show that acute administration of THC induces a progressive and transient activation (i.e. phosphorylation) of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) in the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens (NA). This activation, corresponding to both neuronal cell bodies and the surrounding neuropil, is totally inhibited by the selective antagonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors, SR 141716A. However, blockade of dopaminergic (DA) D1 receptors by administration of SCH 23390, prior to THC, totally prevents ERK activation in the striatum, thus demonstrating a critical involvement of DA systems in THC-induced ERK activation. DA-D2 and glutamate receptors of NMDA subtypes also participate, albeit to a lesser extent, to THC-induced ERK activation in the striatum, as shown after injection of selective antagonists (raclopride and MK801, respectively). Furthermore, THC-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor Elk-1, and up-regulation of zif268 mRNA expression are blocked by SL327, a specific inhibitor of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), the upstream kinase of ERK, as well as SCH 23390. Finally, using the place-preference paradigm, we show that ERK inhibition blocks THC-induced rewarding properties. Altogether, our data strongly support that ERK activation in the striatum is critically involved in long-term neuronal adaptive responses underlying THC-induced long-term behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01652.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interacting effects of CO2 partial pressure and temperature on photosynthesis and calcification in a scleractinian coral (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We show here that CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and temperature significantly interact on coral physiology. The effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on photosynthesis, respiration and calcification rates were investigated in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Cuttings were exposed to temperatures of 25°C or 28°C and to pCO2 values of ca. 460 or 760 μatm for 5 weeks. The contents of chlorophyll c2 and protein remained constant throughout the experiment, while the chlorophyll a content was significantly affected by temperature, and was higher under the ‘high-temperature–high-pCO2’ condition. The cell-specific density was higher at ‘high pCO2’ than at ‘normal pCO2’ (1.7 vs. 1.4). The net photosynthesis normalized per unit protein was affected by both temperature and pCO2, whereas respiration was not affected by the treatments. Calcification decreased by 50% when temperature and pCO2 were both elevated. Calcification under normal temperature did not change in response to an increased pCO2. This is not in agreement with numerous published papers that describe a negative relationship between marine calcification and CO2. The confounding effect of temperature has the potential to explain a large portion of the variability of the relationship between calcification and pCO2 reported in the literature, and warrants a re-evaluation of the projected decrease of marine calcification by the year 2100.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00678.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae induced by a structural modification of the major porin (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Enterobacter aerogenes, multidrug resistance involves a decrease in outer membrane permeability associated with changes in an as yet uncharacterized porin. We purified the major porin from the wild-type strain and a resistant strain. We characterized this porin, which was found to be an OmpC/OmpF-like protein and analysed its pore-forming properties in lipid bilayers. The porin from the resistant strain was compared with the wild-type protein and we observed (i) that its single-channel conductance was 70% lower than that of the wild type; (ii) that it was three times more selective for cations; (iii) a lack of voltage sensitivity. These results indicate that the clinical strain is able to synthesize a modified porin that decreases the permeability of the outer membrane. Mass spectrometry experiments identified a G to D mutation in the putative loop 3 of the porin. Given the known importance of this loop in determining the pore properties of porins, we suggest that this mutation is responsible for the novel resistance mechanism developed by this clinical strain, with changes in porin channel function acting as a new bacterial strategy for controlling β-lactam diffusion via porins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02501.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CD44 in premalignant and malignant Barrett's oesophagus (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 32 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: To establish the prevalence of CD44 protein expression in a large surgical series of Barrett's adenocarcinoma and associated preneoplastic lesions and to correlate this expression with clinicopathological data and prognosis.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and results:CD44H and variants (V4/V5,V6) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax tissue samples of Barrett's mucosa (50) and Barrett's adenocarcinoma (73) obtained from surgical resections from 73 patients. This expression was correlated with pathological features of the tumour and prognosis. CD44H and V6 expression was found in 62% and 55% of Barrett's specialized mucosa negative for dysplasia and in 70% and 63% of Barrett's adenocarcinoma, respectively. CD44H and V6 expression was restricted to the lower part of the crypts in Barrett's specialized mucosa negative for dysplasia and reached the upper part of the crypts in high-grade dysplasia. A significant relation was found between CD44V6 expression and depth of tumour invasion in the oesophageal wall (P = 0.05), neoplastic vascular invasion (P = 0.0001), neoplastic perineural invasion (P = 0.0004) and stage in Rosenberg's classification (P = 0.02). Cancers with CD44V6 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis (5-year survival: 17%) than those without (5-year survival: 44%) (P = 0.02) in univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis showed that CD44V6 expression had no independent prognostic value when tumour invasion and lymph node involvement were taken as explanatory variables.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:CD44H and V6 are frequently expressed in Barrett's oesophagus. The pattern of expression that we observed from mucosa negative for dysplasia to adenocarcinoma suggests that CD44H and V6 may be involved in the carcinogenesis of Barrett's mucosa. CD44V6 expression in adenocarcinoma is correlated to aggressive pathological features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00316.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species-specificity of the cohesin-dockerin interaction between Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium cellulolyticum: Prediction of specificity determinants of the dockerin domain (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 29 (1997), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: cellulosome ; cellulases ; cohesin domain ; scaffoldin subunit ; EF-hand motif ; molecular modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cross-species specificity of the cohesin-dockerin interaction, which defines the incorporation of the enzymatic subunits into the cellulosome complex, has been investigated. Cohesin-containing segments from the cellulosomes of two different species, Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium cellulolyticum, were allowed to interact with cellulosomal (dockerin-containing) enzymes from each species. In both cases, the cohesin domain of one bacterium interacted with enzymes from its own cellulosome in a calcium-dependent manner, but the same cohesin failed to recognize enzymes from the other species. Thus, in the case of these two bacteria, the cohesin-dockerin interaction seems to be species-specific. Based on intra- and cross-species sequence comparisons among the different dockerins together with their known specificities, we tender a prediction as to the amino-acid residues critical to recognition of the cohesins. The suspected residues were narrowed down to only four, which comprise a repeated pair located within the calcium-binding motif of two duplicated sequences, characteristic of the dockerin domain. According to the proposed model, these four residues do not participate in the binding of calcium per se; instead, they appear to serve as recognition codes in promoting interaction with the cohesin surface. Proteins 29:517-527, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermogravimetric analysis of polystyrene: Influence of sample weight and heating rate on thermal and kinetic parameters (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article studies the influence of the heating rate and sample weight on the thermal decomposition of polystyrene (first-order kinetics). For this purpose, the kinetic parameters (i.e., frequency factor and activation energy), variables at the maximum decomposition rate (such as conversion, reaction rate, and temperature), as well as some characteristic temperatures have been determined for a series of experiments where the heating rate varies (0.5-11.5 K/min) and also, the sample weight (6.0-25.1 mg). Some mathematical equations have been developed that allow: (1) evaluation of the activation energy of thermal decomposition by different ways and comparing the results obtained; (2) relating different parameters between themselves, such as the heating rate with the temperature at the maximum decomposition rate or the frequency factor with the heating rate and sample weight. Finally, some theoretical explanations of the variation of thermal and kinetic parameters have been proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the crosslinking degree on curing kinetics of an epoxy-anhydride systemThis article was presented during the 6th European Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry held in Grado, Italy, September 11-16, 1994. (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1413-1421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The cure kinetics of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-based epoxy resin with methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride and an accelerator was studied by nonisothermal DSC data. The systems were uncured resin and partially cured with the following extents of cure measured by the residual heat method (αDSC): 0.37, 0.63, 0.81, and 0.90. The activation energy calculated by the Kissinger method increases from 63 kJ/mol for the uncured epoxy to 77 kJ/mol for the partially cured with αDSC = 0.90. Additionally, the activation energy calculated by the isoconversional method shows a dependence on the conversion degree α. The activation energy tends to decreases initially with the conversion degree, possibly due to the autocatalytic effect; then, it passes through a minimum about α = 0.4 and, finally, increases slightly due to the increase of crosslinks which reduce the mobility of the unreacted groups. A simple, consistent method of kinetic analysis was applied. This method enables one to select the most convenient model and the calculation of kinetic parameters. A two-parameter (m, n) autocatalytic model (S̆esták-Berggren equation) was found to be the most convenient model to study the curing of epoxy systems. The results show a dependence of the kinetic parameters on the initial degree of crosslinking of the partially cured epoxy. The exponent m tends to decrease with the extent of cure, while the exponent n remains practically invariable. These results show a change of the kinetic when the initial extent of cure of the epoxy system increases. The In A data, A being the preexponenetial factor in the Arrhenius dependence of the temperature on the rate of conversion, increase with the extent of cure, showing a correlation with the calculated activation energy values. The nonisothermal DSC curves theoretically calculated show a very good agreement with the experimental data. The two-parameter (m, n) autocatalytic model gives a good description of the curing kinetics of epoxy resins with different extents of cure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FTIR and DSC study of HDPE structural changes and mechanical properties variation when exposed to weathering aging during canadian winter (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aging of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) when exposed to drastic climatic conditions (Canadian winter, characterized by low temperature and abrupt temperature variations between the night and the day) was studied. The importance of degradation was determined by evaluating the microstructural changes in HDPE (i.e., oxidations, ramifications, and polymeric chain breaking) by means of FTIR spectrophotometry. The crystallinity variation in HDPE by FTIR and DSC was also studied. Both techniques led to coherent results: there was a loss of crystallinity due to weathering degradation. This crystallinity reduction produced a drastic decrease in impact energy. However, the other properties evaluated were not significantly affected. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
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    Efficacy and safety of biologics in erythrodermic psoriasis: a multicentre, retrospective study (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Background:  Even though efficacy of biologics has been extensively studied in psoriasis vulgaris, studies in erythrodermic psoriasis, the most severe form of the disease, have beenscarcelyreported. Objectives:  To address the efficacy and safety of biologics in patients with erythrodermic psoriasis. Methods:  A multicentre national retrospective study was performed using the French Psoriasis Group network. Patients showing psoriasis involving at least 90% of body surface area (BSA), and in whom severity of the disease had been evaluated before and after 3 and/or 6 months of treatment with biologics, were enrolled in the study. Results were expressed using intention to treat analysis. Results:  We included 28 patients, representing 42 flares of erythrodermic psoriasis treated with infliximab (n=24), adalimumab (7), etanercept (6), ustekinumab (3) or efalizumab (2). A 75% improvement of BSA or PASI index 12 to 14 weeks after treatment onset was reached in 48% of flares treated with infliximab, in 50% of those treated with adalimumab and in 40% of those treated with etanercept. Twelve serious adverse events consisting of bacterial infection in 7 of them were observed. Biological treatment was discontinued for safety concern in 19% of cases. A given biologic was pursued up to 48 weeks in 34% of flares. Conclusion:  Biologics show overall good short-term efficacy, but treatment switch due to lack of efficacy or side effects is frequently observed on a longer term, with one third of patients still receiving the drug after one year. The most significant safety concern consists of severe infections.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2133
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    The relationship between heterotrophic feeding and inorganic nutrient availability in the scleractinian coral T. reniformis under a short-term temperature increase (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-01
    Description: Worldwide increase in seawater temperature represents one of the major threats affecting corals, which experience bleaching, and thereafter a significant decrease in photosynthesis and calcification. The impact of bleaching on coral physiology may be exacerbated when coupled with eutrophication, i.e., increasing plankton, inorganic nutrient concentrations, sedimentation and turbidity due to coastal urbanization. Whereas zooplankton provision (heterotrophy) may alleviate the negative consequences of thermal stress, inorganic nutrient supply may exacerbate them, which creates a paradox. Our experimental study aims to disentangle the effects of these two components of eutrophication on the physiological response of Turbinaria reniformis subject to normal and to a short-term temperature increase. Additionally, three different inorganic nutrient ratios were tested to assess the influence of nutrient stoichiometry on coral physiology: control (ambient SW 0.5 μ M N and 0.1 μ M P), N only (ambient + 2 μ M N) and N + P (ambient + 2 μ M N and + 0.5 μ M P). Our results show a deleterious effect of a 2 μ M nitrate enrichment alone (N) on coral photosynthetic processes under thermal stress as well as on calcification rates when associated with heterotrophy. On the contrary, a coupled nitrate and phosphorus enrichment (N + P) maintained coral metabolism and calcification during thermal stress and enhanced them when combined with heterotrophy. Broadly, our results shed light on the tight relationship existing between inorganic nutrient availability and heterotrophy. Moreover, it assesses the relevance of N: P stoichiometry as a determining factor for the health of the holobiont that may be adapted to specific nutrient ratios in its surrounding environment.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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